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The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakis... more The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakistan. Taxes are selected as a proxy for fiscal policy and GDP as an economic growth. In this study the time series analysis was used. The study used difference tests and models. These tests were unit root test which at different levels was used for stationary and non-stationary another model was co-integration the co-integration further used two tests one was trace test and second one was maximum Eigen value these tests used for long run relationships between taxes and GDP. In this study Granger causality test lag 2 and lag 4 also for checking the effects of taxes on Pakistan GDP. The objectives of the study are to find out the relationship between taxes and GDP and also to testify the random walk between taxes and GDP. The data were taken from 1981 to 2012. Taxes dealt as an independent and GDP as a dependent variable of the study. Data were collected from Federal Bureau of Statistics and from Pakistan economic survey. Time series analysis is used to testify the hypotheses. The results of Unit Root test shows that GDP and taxes has a unit root and it is non-stationary. GDP has no unit root and stationary in nature at 1st difference level. The results of co-integration shows that both taxes and GDP no co-integration at 5 % level of significance. The study concludes that there is no Co-integration between taxes and GDP. The study recommended that fiscal policy should make according to the situation of the country and the tax rate should be change with a smooth rate.
The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakis... more The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakistan. Taxes are selected as a proxy for fiscal policy and GDP as an economic growth. In this study the time series analysis was used. The study used difference tests and models. These tests were unit root test which at different levels was used for stationary and non-stationary another model was co-integration the co-integration further used two tests one was trace test and second one was maximum Eigen value these tests used for long run relationships between taxes and GDP. In this study Granger causality test lag 2 and lag 4 also for checking the effects of taxes on Pakistan GDP. The objectives of the study are to find out the relationship between taxes and GDP and also to testify the random walk between taxes and GDP. The data were taken from 1981 to 2012. Taxes dealt as an independent and GDP as a dependent variable of the study. Data were collected from Federal Bureau of Statistics and from Pakistan economic survey. Time series analysis is used to testify the hypotheses. The results of Unit Root test shows that GDP and taxes has a unit root and it is non-stationary. GDP has no unit root and stationary in nature at 1st difference level. The results of co-integration shows that both taxes and GDP no co-integration at 5 % level of significance. The study concludes that there is no Co-integration between taxes and GDP. The study recommended that fiscal policy should make according to the situation of the country and the tax rate should be change with a smooth rate.
The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, di... more The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, distributive justice, work engagement, organization citizenship behavior and Islamic work ethics. Organization justice, work engagement and organization citizenship behavior has extensively been researched previously but the role of Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable between organization justice and job outcomes has been considered in this study, as this aspect has not been researched yet. The study proposes that Islamic work ethics act as a moderator in the relations between organizational justice dimensions (procedural justice, distributive justice) and work outcomes (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior). Potential and practicing employees were surveyed by using questionnaire as data collection tool. A sample of 140 employees employed in private and public universities were considered for this survey. Data collected from the sample was analyzed, the concluded results shows positive effect of procedural justice and distributive justice on work engagement and organization citizenship behavior. A positive relationship exists between organizational justice and Islamic work ethics that moderate the predictor (procedural justice, distributive justice) and criterion (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior).
Volume 4 Issue 2 by sammandar Khan
The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, di... more The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, distributive justice, work engagement, organization citizenship behavior and Islamic work ethics. Organization justice, work engagement and organization citizenship behavior has extensively been researched previously but the role of Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable between organization justice and job outcomes has been considered in this study, as this aspect has not been researched yet. The study proposes that Islamic work ethics act as a moderator in the relations between organizational justice dimensions (procedural justice, distributive justice) and work outcomes (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior). Potential and practicing employees were surveyed by using questionnaire as data collection tool. A sample of 140 employees employed in private and public universities were considered for this survey. Data collected from the sample was analyzed, the concluded results shows positive effect of procedural justice and distributive justice on work engagement and organization citizenship behavior. A positive relationship exists between organizational justice and Islamic work ethics that moderate the predictor (procedural justice, distributive justice) and criterion (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior).
The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakis... more The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakistan. Taxes are selected as a proxy for fiscal policy and GDP as an economic growth. In this study the time series analysis was used. The study used difference tests and models. These tests were unit root test which at different levels was used for stationary and non-stationary another model was co-integration the co-integration further used two tests one was trace test and second one was maximum Eigen value these tests used for long run relationships between taxes and GDP. In this study Granger causality test lag 2 and lag 4 also for checking the effects of taxes on Pakistan GDP. The objectives of the study are to find out the relationship between taxes and GDP and also to testify the random walk between taxes and GDP. The data were taken from 1981 to 2012. Taxes dealt as an independent and GDP as a dependent variable of the study. Data were collected from Federal Bureau of Statistics and from Pakistan economic survey. Time series analysis is used to testify the hypotheses. The results of Unit Root test shows that GDP and taxes has a unit root and it is non-stationary. GDP has no unit root and stationary in nature at 1st difference level. The results of co-integration shows that both taxes and GDP no co-integration at 5 % level of significance. The study concludes that there is no Co-integration between taxes and GDP. The study recommended that fiscal policy should make according to the situation of the country and the tax rate should be change with a smooth rate.
The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakis... more The study has been conducted to find out the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in Pakistan. Taxes are selected as a proxy for fiscal policy and GDP as an economic growth. In this study the time series analysis was used. The study used difference tests and models. These tests were unit root test which at different levels was used for stationary and non-stationary another model was co-integration the co-integration further used two tests one was trace test and second one was maximum Eigen value these tests used for long run relationships between taxes and GDP. In this study Granger causality test lag 2 and lag 4 also for checking the effects of taxes on Pakistan GDP. The objectives of the study are to find out the relationship between taxes and GDP and also to testify the random walk between taxes and GDP. The data were taken from 1981 to 2012. Taxes dealt as an independent and GDP as a dependent variable of the study. Data were collected from Federal Bureau of Statistics and from Pakistan economic survey. Time series analysis is used to testify the hypotheses. The results of Unit Root test shows that GDP and taxes has a unit root and it is non-stationary. GDP has no unit root and stationary in nature at 1st difference level. The results of co-integration shows that both taxes and GDP no co-integration at 5 % level of significance. The study concludes that there is no Co-integration between taxes and GDP. The study recommended that fiscal policy should make according to the situation of the country and the tax rate should be change with a smooth rate.
The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, di... more The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, distributive justice, work engagement, organization citizenship behavior and Islamic work ethics. Organization justice, work engagement and organization citizenship behavior has extensively been researched previously but the role of Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable between organization justice and job outcomes has been considered in this study, as this aspect has not been researched yet. The study proposes that Islamic work ethics act as a moderator in the relations between organizational justice dimensions (procedural justice, distributive justice) and work outcomes (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior). Potential and practicing employees were surveyed by using questionnaire as data collection tool. A sample of 140 employees employed in private and public universities were considered for this survey. Data collected from the sample was analyzed, the concluded results shows positive effect of procedural justice and distributive justice on work engagement and organization citizenship behavior. A positive relationship exists between organizational justice and Islamic work ethics that moderate the predictor (procedural justice, distributive justice) and criterion (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior).
The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, di... more The study focuses and analyzes a model that shows the relationship between procedural justice, distributive justice, work engagement, organization citizenship behavior and Islamic work ethics. Organization justice, work engagement and organization citizenship behavior has extensively been researched previously but the role of Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable between organization justice and job outcomes has been considered in this study, as this aspect has not been researched yet. The study proposes that Islamic work ethics act as a moderator in the relations between organizational justice dimensions (procedural justice, distributive justice) and work outcomes (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior). Potential and practicing employees were surveyed by using questionnaire as data collection tool. A sample of 140 employees employed in private and public universities were considered for this survey. Data collected from the sample was analyzed, the concluded results shows positive effect of procedural justice and distributive justice on work engagement and organization citizenship behavior. A positive relationship exists between organizational justice and Islamic work ethics that moderate the predictor (procedural justice, distributive justice) and criterion (work engagement and organization citizenship behavior).