samuel yao - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by samuel yao
Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao, Jan 8, 2018
Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endotheliu... more Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endothelium of the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA) through the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) from approximately 30 to 60 hours post fertilization (hpf). However, whether other artery sites can generate HSPCs de novo remains unclear. In this study, using live imaging and lineage tracing, we found that the caudal dorsal artery (CDA) in the caudal hematopoietic tissue directly gave rise to HSPCs through EHT. This process initiated from approximately 60 hpf and terminated at approximately 156 hpf. Compared with that in the DA, fewer EHT events were observed in the CDA. The EHT events in the DA and CDA were similarly regulated by Runx1 but differentially influenced by blood flow (i.e., the EHT frequency in CDA was affected to a lesser extent when circulation was compromised in the tnnt2a mutant). Therefore, the whole artery, including both DA and CDA, was endowed with the ability ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019
Loyola Consumer Law Review, 1997
Progress in Organic Coatings, 1997
The cathodic disbonding of a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating from steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl so... more The cathodic disbonding of a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating from steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied by using an electrochemical AC impedance technique. Double-cylinder electrolyte cells were designed to separate the measurements of cathodic disbonding process from the influence of the impedance of an artificial defect. It was found that for a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating, the more important transport pathway of the reactive species is along the coating/steel interface rather than through the coating. There existed a delay time for the cathodic disbonding process, and cathodic polarization was not a predominant factor in determining the cathodic disbonding behavior in the early stages. The thick polyurethane coating, which was applied on a well sand-blasted steel surface, had excellent resistance to cathodic disbonding.
Pedagogy, 2011
This article analyzes classroom discussions of Boaz Yakin's 1994 film Fresh—an unsettling urb... more This article analyzes classroom discussions of Boaz Yakin's 1994 film Fresh—an unsettling urban drama about a young boy (Fresh) who devises a creative escape from the drug dealers in his environment: he buys a large amount of cocaine that he uses to trick those dealers into thinking that they're all trying to break into each others' markets. In the end, he turns these negative and violent forces against each other and then enters the Witness Protection Program. The social commentary in the film is paramount since it highlights the disturbing cultural reasons why a twelve–year-old African American boy has to devise his own escape from the inner city. Most important, class discussions of (as well as the writing assignments focused on) Yakin's film necessarily confront the role that class hierarchies play in America as well as the cultural myths—like the unconditional individual—that affect many of our expectations and assumptions. Herein resides the film's pedagogi...
Chromatographia, 2010
A simple and sensitive LC method for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in human plasm... more A simple and sensitive LC method for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in human plasma samples is described. Mometasone furoate was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation using methanol. Separation was performed at 40 °C on a YMC® ODS-A reverse phase column (5 μm particle size, 150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) using 0.2% (v/v) triethylamine in water (adjusting to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) as mobile phase which was delivered at 1.5 mL min−1. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 230 nm. The linear concentration range for gemfibrozil was 0.25–50 μg mL−1. The detection limit of this method was 0.1 μg mL−1. Intra- and inter-assay RSD ranged from 0.63 to 2.04% and 1.37 to 4.27%, respectively. The method was sensitive, simple and repeatable enough to be used in pharmacokinetic studies.
财经与管理, 2020
金融科技最基本的思路就是通过运用科学技术来促进金融行业有更大的创新突破，以此来提高金融机构自身的竞争实力。根据研究可知，大数据平台以及智慧城市是可以最大限度推动金融改革与发展的有力保障。论文针对... more 金融科技最基本的思路就是通过运用科学技术来促进金融行业有更大的创新突破，以此来提高金融机构自身的竞争实力。根据研究可知，大数据平台以及智慧城市是可以最大限度推动金融改革与发展的有力保障。论文针对城市大数据平台和金融科技在金融改革和发展中的问题、应用方向进行详细分析地。论文以中国某市为例，介绍了其应用大数据设计信息平台为人们提供更加科学、准确、便捷的服务。
Neuropathology, 2012
Synovial sarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm occurring at any site of the body, mainly in young... more Synovial sarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm occurring at any site of the body, mainly in young adults. It may also arise in the CNS but has seldom been reported. We report a case of unusual intracranial synovial sarcoma in a young male patient. Neuroimaging revealed a large gadoliniumenhancing mass was located at the right anterior cranial fossa and was associated with multiple cyst formation. The mass was dural-based and was observed to invade the right orbital apex and ethmoidal bulla. Histologically, the tumor was composed of uniform oval and round cells with scant cytoplasm and indistinct borders. The tumor cells were observed to form densely cellular sheets, but in some areas, the tumor showed hemangiopericytomatous vascular pattern consisting of tumor cells arranged around dilated, thin-walled blood vessels. By immunohistochemistry, vimentin, CD99 and Bcl-2 were diffusely positive in most cells, and a focally weak reactivity for S-100 protein was also observed. However, the tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), CK7, CK8/18, CK19, epithelial membrane antigen, CD34, synaptophysin, GFAP, desmin, myogenin, and smooth muscle actin. Cytogenetic analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated a translocation t(X;18)(p11;q11), an aberration specific for synovial sarcoma. A diagnosis of primary duralbased poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a poorly differentiated variant of synovial sarcoma occurring in dura mater and confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. The present case indicates that appropriate immunohistochemical analysis, and in particular molecular analysis, are essential for accurately diagnosing small, round-cell neoplasms in unusual locations.
IOP conference series, Dec 17, 2019
The eco-coastal restoration has been a hot issue in recent years, however a complete theoretical ... more The eco-coastal restoration has been a hot issue in recent years, however a complete theoretical and methodological system has not been formed yet. Taking the ecological restoration project of Lingni old Seawall in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province as an instance, this paper illustrates the status quo of the project, and elaborates on the three steps of site arrangement, environmental restoration and cultural renewal, which embodies the idea of ecological restoration for this type of coastal space. On this basis, three principles of realitybased, nature-rooted and culture-oriented are put forward. It is hoped that in future related projects and coastal space restoration, the nature will be respected in combination with culture, and municipal infrastructure construction, landscape infrastructure construction and ecological infrastructure construction will be closely coordinated, so as to establish a coastal landscape system with multi-sense ecology in line with the principle of utilizing the sea ecologically.
12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2016), 2016
In recent years, pin corrosion on porcelain and glass insulators has occurred on many UHVDC trans... more In recent years, pin corrosion on porcelain and glass insulators has occurred on many UHVDC transmission projects in China. With the operation surrounding of insulators taken into consideration, the mechanism of pin corrosion is studied and analyzed in this paper. Mechanical characteristics tests are also carried out. Test results indicate that pin corrosion can decrease the mechanical strength of disc insulators. XP-4C type porcelain insulators are used to research the influence factors of corrosion rate of pin. The test results show that the contamination degree on insulators' surface, its component and the local electrolyte mass at pin have considerable influence on the corrosion rate of pin. The more serious the degree of contamination is and the more the local electrolyte at pin is, the faster the corrosion rate is. The sequence of cation that lead to the corrosion rate from fast to slow is K+>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+, the sequence of anions is Cl>SO42->NO3-.
Folia Microbiologica, 2011
Puerarin-7-O-fructoside was transformed by Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC 1523 into 3&am... more Puerarin-7-O-fructoside was transformed by Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC 1523 into 3'-hydroxypuerarin-7-O-fructoside; this was identified by MS and NMR. However, puerarin-7-O-glucoside was not directly hydroxylated but hydrolyzed back into puerarin, which was transformed into 3'-hydroxypuerarin by the same fungi. Comparative analysis of free radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed that the free radical scavenging activity of puerarin-7-O-glucoside was reduced to approximately 1/2 of that of puerarin, while the free radical scavenging activity of puerarin-7-O-fructoside was increased to approximately 1.5 times of that of puerarin. The free radical scavenging activity of 3'-hydroxypuerarin-7-O-fructoside was further increased by 2.2 times of that of puerarin-7-O-fructoside, which was close to that of…
Biophysical Journal, 2013
The cell wall, a porous mesh-like structure, provides shape and physical protection for bacteria.... more The cell wall, a porous mesh-like structure, provides shape and physical protection for bacteria. At the atomic level, it is composed of peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer of stiff glycan strands cross-linked by short, flexible peptides. However, at the mesoscale, multiple models for the organization of PG have been put forth, distinguished by glycan strands parallel to the cell surface (the so-called "layered'' model) or perpendicular (the ''scaffold'' model). To test these models, and to resolve the mechanical properties of PG, we have built and simulated at an atomic scale patches of both Grampositive and negative cell walls in different organizations up to 50 nanometers in size. In the case of Gram-positive PG, molecular dynamics simulations of the layered model are found to elucidate the mechanisms behind a distinct curling effect observed in three-dimensional electron cryo-tomography images of fragmented cell walls. For Gram-negative PG, simulations of patches with different average-glycan-strand lengths reveal an anisotropic elasticity, in good agreement with atomic-force microscopy experiments. Insights from the simulations reveal how mesoscopic and macroscopic properties of a ubiquitous bacterial ultrastructure arise from its atomic-scale interactions and organization.
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Disability Studies Quarterly, 2002
In David Lynch's recent film The Straight Story, the 73 year-old veteran Alvin Straight (Ric... more In David Lynch's recent film The Straight Story, the 73 year-old veteran Alvin Straight (Richard Farnsworth) fell and had been unable to get up off his kitchen floor. Sitting agitated in a doctor's office, he fears what most of us do - an unfavorable diagnosis. The doctor delivers the ...
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2005
Objective: Vomiting is a pernicious symptom of eating disorders. We explored the relation between... more Objective: Vomiting is a pernicious symptom of eating disorders. We explored the relation between the symptom of vomiting and features of eating disorder course and severity, personality traits, and Axis I and II comorbidity in individuals with purging-type eating disorders. Method: The sample included participants from the multisite, international Price Foundation Genetic Studies, who had an eating disorder diagnosis (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified) and had data available for the frequency of purging behaviors (n ¼ 1,048). Axis I disorders, personality disorders, trait anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament and character dimensions were included as possible correlates. Results: The presence of vomiting was associated with less regular laxative use, lower self-directedness, organization, personal standards, and higher novelty seeking. Conclusion: Vomiting remains a prevalent and potentially destructive symptom of eating disorders, with significant dental and medical morbidity. Our findings suggest that certain clinical and personality variables distinguish individuals with purging-type eating disorders who vomit from those who do not, although there were no marked differences in Axis I or II comorbidity. Specifically targeting treatment to decrease duration of exposure to this dangerous symptom continues to be an important clinical objective. ª 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2013
Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is immunotoxic to animals and a suspected immunosuppressant in humans. In t... more Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is immunotoxic to animals and a suspected immunosuppressant in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of AFB 1 on splenic lymphocyte phenotypes and the inflammatory cytokine expression in male F344 rats. Exposure of animals to AFB 1 (5-75 μg/kg body weight) for 1-week showed dose-dependent decreases in the percentage of splenic CD8 + T cells and CD3 − CD8a + NK cells. A general inhibition of the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD4 + T cells, IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD8a + cells, and TNF-α expression by NK cells was also found; however, no concurrent histological changes in spleen tissue were present, suggesting acute immunosuppression without overt toxicity. Five-week exposure with AFB 1 significantly increased the percentages of CD3 + and CD8 + T cells, especially at low doses (≤ 25 μg/kg). AFB 1 treatment significantly decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 expression by CD4 + T cells and significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ expression by CD4 + T cells and TNF-α expression by NK cells. These results indicated that repeated AFB 1 exposure promotes inflammatory responses by regulating cytokine expression. Our data provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which AFB 1 exposure differentially modulates the cell-mediated immune responses and suggests the involvement of an inflammatory response upon repeated exposure.
The law, as Stuart Schiengold argued, has both concrete and symbolic forms with implications for ... more The law, as Stuart Schiengold argued, has both concrete and symbolic forms with implications for the politics of rights. Myths are an important element in the politics of law. Multi-level systems of government create difficulties when it comes to the provision of rights, normally understood to involve equal rights for all. Almost by definition, decentralised systems involve citizens receiving different rights in different parts of a state. Central governments have a role in ensuring equality of rights across the state as a whole. Debates on devolution within the United Kingdom confirm but offer a different perspective on the unequal provision of rights. This paper draws on debates within UK central government in the 1960s/70s when devolution to Scotland was first seriously considered. It highlights the key ‘myths’ that informed these debates within Whitehall, especially the UK Treasury. The relevance of these debates to today’s concerns are explored. It is argued that devolved gover...
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2001
Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders in a s... more Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders in a sample of children. Method: Twenty 10-15-year-old female children who were receiving treatment following reported childhood sexual abuse and 20 age-matched controls were compared on a series of measures assessing eating disorder behaviors, body image concerns, substance use, mood, impulsive behavior, and self-concept. Results: Sexually abused children reported higher levels of eating disorder behaviors, impulsive behaviors, and drug abuse than controls. Furthermore, behavioral impulsivity provided the strongest mediational effect between a history of childhood sexual abuse and purging and restrictive dieting behavior. Drug use proved to be a significant secondary mediator of the childhood sexual abuse eating disorder behavior association. Discussion: These data support the hypothesis that childhood sexual abuse is related to disordered eating in children, and extend similar findings that have been previously reported with adults. Behavioral impulsivity and drug use appear to be significant mechanisms that influence eating disorder behavior following childhood sexual abuse.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2004
Objective: This study compares personality variables of men with eating disorders to women with e... more Objective: This study compares personality variables of men with eating disorders to women with eating disorders. Method: Data were obtained from an international study of the genetics of eating disorders. Forty-two male participants were age-band matched at 1:2 ratio to females from the same study. Personality features were compared between males and females controlling for diagnostic subgroup. Results: Males with eating disorders appear to be slightly less at risk for perfectionism, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and cooperativeness than females. Few differences were found when diagnostic subgroup was considered. Conclusion: Observed differences in personality variables may help explain the difference in incidence and prevalence of eating disorders in men and women.
Cancer Research, 2017
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR, TNFRSF18) is a member of the TNFR superfamily with ple... more Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR, TNFRSF18) is a member of the TNFR superfamily with pleiotropic T cell modulatory activity. We are developing a novel anti-GITR antibody with enhanced agonist activity for the treatment of solid tumors. Our candidate molecule, FPA154, is constructed with single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) in a tetravalent format, with an effector-competent IgG1 Fc domain. Both FPA154 and the mouse-reactive surrogate molecule (cmFPA154, mIgG2a isotype) bind to cell-surface GITR with high affinity. GITR is most highly expressed in vivo on activated and intratumoral Treg, and our data indicates that FPA154 and cmFPA154 potently mediate ADCC activity against Treg expressing high levels of GITR. In contrast, activated effector T cells express modest levels of cell-surface GITR, and FPA154 and cmFPA154 drive GITR-induced NF-κB activation. This activity is independent of Fc-mediated crosslinking, which is normally required for bivalent GITR antibodies to induce GITR ...
Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao, Jan 8, 2018
Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endotheliu... more Zebrafish hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from the hemogenic endothelium of the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA) through the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) from approximately 30 to 60 hours post fertilization (hpf). However, whether other artery sites can generate HSPCs de novo remains unclear. In this study, using live imaging and lineage tracing, we found that the caudal dorsal artery (CDA) in the caudal hematopoietic tissue directly gave rise to HSPCs through EHT. This process initiated from approximately 60 hpf and terminated at approximately 156 hpf. Compared with that in the DA, fewer EHT events were observed in the CDA. The EHT events in the DA and CDA were similarly regulated by Runx1 but differentially influenced by blood flow (i.e., the EHT frequency in CDA was affected to a lesser extent when circulation was compromised in the tnnt2a mutant). Therefore, the whole artery, including both DA and CDA, was endowed with the ability ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019
Loyola Consumer Law Review, 1997
Progress in Organic Coatings, 1997
The cathodic disbonding of a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating from steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl so... more The cathodic disbonding of a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating from steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied by using an electrochemical AC impedance technique. Double-cylinder electrolyte cells were designed to separate the measurements of cathodic disbonding process from the influence of the impedance of an artificial defect. It was found that for a thick, pigmented polyurethane coating, the more important transport pathway of the reactive species is along the coating/steel interface rather than through the coating. There existed a delay time for the cathodic disbonding process, and cathodic polarization was not a predominant factor in determining the cathodic disbonding behavior in the early stages. The thick polyurethane coating, which was applied on a well sand-blasted steel surface, had excellent resistance to cathodic disbonding.
Pedagogy, 2011
This article analyzes classroom discussions of Boaz Yakin's 1994 film Fresh—an unsettling urb... more This article analyzes classroom discussions of Boaz Yakin's 1994 film Fresh—an unsettling urban drama about a young boy (Fresh) who devises a creative escape from the drug dealers in his environment: he buys a large amount of cocaine that he uses to trick those dealers into thinking that they're all trying to break into each others' markets. In the end, he turns these negative and violent forces against each other and then enters the Witness Protection Program. The social commentary in the film is paramount since it highlights the disturbing cultural reasons why a twelve–year-old African American boy has to devise his own escape from the inner city. Most important, class discussions of (as well as the writing assignments focused on) Yakin's film necessarily confront the role that class hierarchies play in America as well as the cultural myths—like the unconditional individual—that affect many of our expectations and assumptions. Herein resides the film's pedagogi...
Chromatographia, 2010
A simple and sensitive LC method for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in human plasm... more A simple and sensitive LC method for the quantitative determination of gemfibrozil in human plasma samples is described. Mometasone furoate was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation using methanol. Separation was performed at 40 °C on a YMC® ODS-A reverse phase column (5 μm particle size, 150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) using 0.2% (v/v) triethylamine in water (adjusting to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) as mobile phase which was delivered at 1.5 mL min−1. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 230 nm. The linear concentration range for gemfibrozil was 0.25–50 μg mL−1. The detection limit of this method was 0.1 μg mL−1. Intra- and inter-assay RSD ranged from 0.63 to 2.04% and 1.37 to 4.27%, respectively. The method was sensitive, simple and repeatable enough to be used in pharmacokinetic studies.
财经与管理, 2020
金融科技最基本的思路就是通过运用科学技术来促进金融行业有更大的创新突破，以此来提高金融机构自身的竞争实力。根据研究可知，大数据平台以及智慧城市是可以最大限度推动金融改革与发展的有力保障。论文针对... more 金融科技最基本的思路就是通过运用科学技术来促进金融行业有更大的创新突破，以此来提高金融机构自身的竞争实力。根据研究可知，大数据平台以及智慧城市是可以最大限度推动金融改革与发展的有力保障。论文针对城市大数据平台和金融科技在金融改革和发展中的问题、应用方向进行详细分析地。论文以中国某市为例，介绍了其应用大数据设计信息平台为人们提供更加科学、准确、便捷的服务。
Neuropathology, 2012
Synovial sarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm occurring at any site of the body, mainly in young... more Synovial sarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm occurring at any site of the body, mainly in young adults. It may also arise in the CNS but has seldom been reported. We report a case of unusual intracranial synovial sarcoma in a young male patient. Neuroimaging revealed a large gadoliniumenhancing mass was located at the right anterior cranial fossa and was associated with multiple cyst formation. The mass was dural-based and was observed to invade the right orbital apex and ethmoidal bulla. Histologically, the tumor was composed of uniform oval and round cells with scant cytoplasm and indistinct borders. The tumor cells were observed to form densely cellular sheets, but in some areas, the tumor showed hemangiopericytomatous vascular pattern consisting of tumor cells arranged around dilated, thin-walled blood vessels. By immunohistochemistry, vimentin, CD99 and Bcl-2 were diffusely positive in most cells, and a focally weak reactivity for S-100 protein was also observed. However, the tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), CK7, CK8/18, CK19, epithelial membrane antigen, CD34, synaptophysin, GFAP, desmin, myogenin, and smooth muscle actin. Cytogenetic analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated a translocation t(X;18)(p11;q11), an aberration specific for synovial sarcoma. A diagnosis of primary duralbased poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a poorly differentiated variant of synovial sarcoma occurring in dura mater and confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. The present case indicates that appropriate immunohistochemical analysis, and in particular molecular analysis, are essential for accurately diagnosing small, round-cell neoplasms in unusual locations.
IOP conference series, Dec 17, 2019
The eco-coastal restoration has been a hot issue in recent years, however a complete theoretical ... more The eco-coastal restoration has been a hot issue in recent years, however a complete theoretical and methodological system has not been formed yet. Taking the ecological restoration project of Lingni old Seawall in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province as an instance, this paper illustrates the status quo of the project, and elaborates on the three steps of site arrangement, environmental restoration and cultural renewal, which embodies the idea of ecological restoration for this type of coastal space. On this basis, three principles of realitybased, nature-rooted and culture-oriented are put forward. It is hoped that in future related projects and coastal space restoration, the nature will be respected in combination with culture, and municipal infrastructure construction, landscape infrastructure construction and ecological infrastructure construction will be closely coordinated, so as to establish a coastal landscape system with multi-sense ecology in line with the principle of utilizing the sea ecologically.
12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2016), 2016
In recent years, pin corrosion on porcelain and glass insulators has occurred on many UHVDC trans... more In recent years, pin corrosion on porcelain and glass insulators has occurred on many UHVDC transmission projects in China. With the operation surrounding of insulators taken into consideration, the mechanism of pin corrosion is studied and analyzed in this paper. Mechanical characteristics tests are also carried out. Test results indicate that pin corrosion can decrease the mechanical strength of disc insulators. XP-4C type porcelain insulators are used to research the influence factors of corrosion rate of pin. The test results show that the contamination degree on insulators' surface, its component and the local electrolyte mass at pin have considerable influence on the corrosion rate of pin. The more serious the degree of contamination is and the more the local electrolyte at pin is, the faster the corrosion rate is. The sequence of cation that lead to the corrosion rate from fast to slow is K+>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+, the sequence of anions is Cl>SO42->NO3-.
Folia Microbiologica, 2011
Puerarin-7-O-fructoside was transformed by Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC 1523 into 3&am... more Puerarin-7-O-fructoside was transformed by Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC 1523 into 3'-hydroxypuerarin-7-O-fructoside; this was identified by MS and NMR. However, puerarin-7-O-glucoside was not directly hydroxylated but hydrolyzed back into puerarin, which was transformed into 3'-hydroxypuerarin by the same fungi. Comparative analysis of free radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed that the free radical scavenging activity of puerarin-7-O-glucoside was reduced to approximately 1/2 of that of puerarin, while the free radical scavenging activity of puerarin-7-O-fructoside was increased to approximately 1.5 times of that of puerarin. The free radical scavenging activity of 3'-hydroxypuerarin-7-O-fructoside was further increased by 2.2 times of that of puerarin-7-O-fructoside, which was close to that of…
Biophysical Journal, 2013
The cell wall, a porous mesh-like structure, provides shape and physical protection for bacteria.... more The cell wall, a porous mesh-like structure, provides shape and physical protection for bacteria. At the atomic level, it is composed of peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer of stiff glycan strands cross-linked by short, flexible peptides. However, at the mesoscale, multiple models for the organization of PG have been put forth, distinguished by glycan strands parallel to the cell surface (the so-called "layered'' model) or perpendicular (the ''scaffold'' model). To test these models, and to resolve the mechanical properties of PG, we have built and simulated at an atomic scale patches of both Grampositive and negative cell walls in different organizations up to 50 nanometers in size. In the case of Gram-positive PG, molecular dynamics simulations of the layered model are found to elucidate the mechanisms behind a distinct curling effect observed in three-dimensional electron cryo-tomography images of fragmented cell walls. For Gram-negative PG, simulations of patches with different average-glycan-strand lengths reveal an anisotropic elasticity, in good agreement with atomic-force microscopy experiments. Insights from the simulations reveal how mesoscopic and macroscopic properties of a ubiquitous bacterial ultrastructure arise from its atomic-scale interactions and organization.
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Disability Studies Quarterly, 2002
In David Lynch's recent film The Straight Story, the 73 year-old veteran Alvin Straight (Ric... more In David Lynch's recent film The Straight Story, the 73 year-old veteran Alvin Straight (Richard Farnsworth) fell and had been unable to get up off his kitchen floor. Sitting agitated in a doctor's office, he fears what most of us do - an unfavorable diagnosis. The doctor delivers the ...
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2005
Objective: Vomiting is a pernicious symptom of eating disorders. We explored the relation between... more Objective: Vomiting is a pernicious symptom of eating disorders. We explored the relation between the symptom of vomiting and features of eating disorder course and severity, personality traits, and Axis I and II comorbidity in individuals with purging-type eating disorders. Method: The sample included participants from the multisite, international Price Foundation Genetic Studies, who had an eating disorder diagnosis (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified) and had data available for the frequency of purging behaviors (n ¼ 1,048). Axis I disorders, personality disorders, trait anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament and character dimensions were included as possible correlates. Results: The presence of vomiting was associated with less regular laxative use, lower self-directedness, organization, personal standards, and higher novelty seeking. Conclusion: Vomiting remains a prevalent and potentially destructive symptom of eating disorders, with significant dental and medical morbidity. Our findings suggest that certain clinical and personality variables distinguish individuals with purging-type eating disorders who vomit from those who do not, although there were no marked differences in Axis I or II comorbidity. Specifically targeting treatment to decrease duration of exposure to this dangerous symptom continues to be an important clinical objective. ª 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2013
Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is immunotoxic to animals and a suspected immunosuppressant in humans. In t... more Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is immunotoxic to animals and a suspected immunosuppressant in humans. In this study, we investigated the effects of AFB 1 on splenic lymphocyte phenotypes and the inflammatory cytokine expression in male F344 rats. Exposure of animals to AFB 1 (5-75 μg/kg body weight) for 1-week showed dose-dependent decreases in the percentage of splenic CD8 + T cells and CD3 − CD8a + NK cells. A general inhibition of the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD4 + T cells, IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD8a + cells, and TNF-α expression by NK cells was also found; however, no concurrent histological changes in spleen tissue were present, suggesting acute immunosuppression without overt toxicity. Five-week exposure with AFB 1 significantly increased the percentages of CD3 + and CD8 + T cells, especially at low doses (≤ 25 μg/kg). AFB 1 treatment significantly decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 expression by CD4 + T cells and significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ expression by CD4 + T cells and TNF-α expression by NK cells. These results indicated that repeated AFB 1 exposure promotes inflammatory responses by regulating cytokine expression. Our data provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which AFB 1 exposure differentially modulates the cell-mediated immune responses and suggests the involvement of an inflammatory response upon repeated exposure.
The law, as Stuart Schiengold argued, has both concrete and symbolic forms with implications for ... more The law, as Stuart Schiengold argued, has both concrete and symbolic forms with implications for the politics of rights. Myths are an important element in the politics of law. Multi-level systems of government create difficulties when it comes to the provision of rights, normally understood to involve equal rights for all. Almost by definition, decentralised systems involve citizens receiving different rights in different parts of a state. Central governments have a role in ensuring equality of rights across the state as a whole. Debates on devolution within the United Kingdom confirm but offer a different perspective on the unequal provision of rights. This paper draws on debates within UK central government in the 1960s/70s when devolution to Scotland was first seriously considered. It highlights the key ‘myths’ that informed these debates within Whitehall, especially the UK Treasury. The relevance of these debates to today’s concerns are explored. It is argued that devolved gover...
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2001
Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders in a s... more Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders in a sample of children. Method: Twenty 10-15-year-old female children who were receiving treatment following reported childhood sexual abuse and 20 age-matched controls were compared on a series of measures assessing eating disorder behaviors, body image concerns, substance use, mood, impulsive behavior, and self-concept. Results: Sexually abused children reported higher levels of eating disorder behaviors, impulsive behaviors, and drug abuse than controls. Furthermore, behavioral impulsivity provided the strongest mediational effect between a history of childhood sexual abuse and purging and restrictive dieting behavior. Drug use proved to be a significant secondary mediator of the childhood sexual abuse eating disorder behavior association. Discussion: These data support the hypothesis that childhood sexual abuse is related to disordered eating in children, and extend similar findings that have been previously reported with adults. Behavioral impulsivity and drug use appear to be significant mechanisms that influence eating disorder behavior following childhood sexual abuse.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2004
Objective: This study compares personality variables of men with eating disorders to women with e... more Objective: This study compares personality variables of men with eating disorders to women with eating disorders. Method: Data were obtained from an international study of the genetics of eating disorders. Forty-two male participants were age-band matched at 1:2 ratio to females from the same study. Personality features were compared between males and females controlling for diagnostic subgroup. Results: Males with eating disorders appear to be slightly less at risk for perfectionism, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and cooperativeness than females. Few differences were found when diagnostic subgroup was considered. Conclusion: Observed differences in personality variables may help explain the difference in incidence and prevalence of eating disorders in men and women.
Cancer Research, 2017
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR, TNFRSF18) is a member of the TNFR superfamily with ple... more Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR, TNFRSF18) is a member of the TNFR superfamily with pleiotropic T cell modulatory activity. We are developing a novel anti-GITR antibody with enhanced agonist activity for the treatment of solid tumors. Our candidate molecule, FPA154, is constructed with single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) in a tetravalent format, with an effector-competent IgG1 Fc domain. Both FPA154 and the mouse-reactive surrogate molecule (cmFPA154, mIgG2a isotype) bind to cell-surface GITR with high affinity. GITR is most highly expressed in vivo on activated and intratumoral Treg, and our data indicates that FPA154 and cmFPA154 potently mediate ADCC activity against Treg expressing high levels of GITR. In contrast, activated effector T cells express modest levels of cell-surface GITR, and FPA154 and cmFPA154 drive GITR-induced NF-κB activation. This activity is independent of Fc-mediated crosslinking, which is normally required for bivalent GITR antibodies to induce GITR ...