gopy sandhu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by gopy sandhu

Research paper thumbnail of How we do it: ENT prescribing to competitive athletes - a review of current regulations

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2005

ABSTRACT Keypoints• Otolaryngologists may be called upon to treat and advise amateur or professio... more ABSTRACT Keypoints• Otolaryngologists may be called upon to treat and advise amateur or professional athletes.• The effect of a positive anti-doping test on an athlete's career is devastating.• It is, therefore, important to ensure that any substance prescribed should be approved for use and should not adversely affect the athlete's performance.• This article explains the testing system and provides an overview of the current status of medications commonly prescribed in routine ENT practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Where is the glottis?

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Patient position for microlaryngoscopy: a trainee survey

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Tracheostomy tube dimensions

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2011

Sir, A good understanding of tracheostomy tube dimensions is important. Air flow through a trache... more Sir, A good understanding of tracheostomy tube dimensions is important. Air flow through a tracheostomy tube is mainly turbulent and determined by the Fanning equation where resistance is inversely proportional to the internal diameter raised to the fifth power. The length and curvature are also important and determine how well the tube fits within the airway. A tube that is too long or incorrectly angled will abut the tracheal wall leading to granulation and obstruction whilst a tube that is too short risks being displaced. Tube dimensions vary widely between manufacturers and we would like to highlight several key differences. Tracheostomy tubes are sized using either the Jackson sizing system that refers to the length and outer diameter taper e.g. Shiley tubes, or the International Standards Organisation (EN ISO 5366-1:2004) method that uses the internal diameter at the narrowest point. For double lumen tubes the internal diameter is measured with the inner cannula in place if it is required for connection to a breathing circuit e.g. Tracheotwist or with the inner cannula removed if it is not e.g. Portex. These discrepancies mean internal diameters are not equivalent between different tubes even if the size is the same (Table 1). The ideal tube curves within the trachea to rest freely and securely within the airway. Portex Blue Line Ultra, Tracheotwist and Shiley are all curved tubes that follow a given angle throughout their length. Table one shows how these angles and lengths differ. Portex Blue Line is an angled tube with an intrastomal straight segment followed by a ninety degree curvature followed by an intratracheal straight segment. This design conforms more to the anatomy of the airway and makes it easier to size.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of lesion localization needles in tracheal resections

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2011

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of The use of an auroscope in the management of epistaxis

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Botulinum toxin in the management of sialorrhoea: a systematic review

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic Forces Enable Rapid Endothelialization of Synthetic Vascular Grafts

Research paper thumbnail of Clinicopathological evaluation of 100 cases of mucinous carcinoma of breast with emphasis on axillary staging and special reference to a micropapillary pattern

Journal of clinical …, 2010

Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is uncommon and associated with better prognosis than mixed... more Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is uncommon and associated with better prognosis than mixed mucinous breast carcinoma (MMBC). A micropapillary pattern in PMBC has been identified although its prognostic significance is questionable. A retrospective review of 100 cases of mucinous carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 was conducted. Two broad categories were studied: PMBC (more than 90% mucinous component; n=45) and MMBC (less than 90% mucinous component; n=55). PMBC was further subclassified as hypocellular/type A (n=37) and cellular/type B (n=8). Receptor status, clinicomorphological and prognostic features were compared without patient follow-up. Mean age at diagnosis in PMBC and MMBC was 60 and 63 years, while mean tumour size was 1.65 and 2.5 cm, respectively. Mean age in type A and type B PMBC patients was 75 and 55 years, respectively. The majority of PMBCs were well differentiated, with two poorly differentiated cases as well. The majority of MMBCs were moderately differentiated. A micropapillary pattern was seen in 20% of PMBCs. Sentinel lymph nodes were positive in 18.5% of PMBCs and 16% of MMBCs. Non-sentinel lymph nodes were positive in 14% of PMBCs and 39% of MMBCs. A micropapillary pattern was seen in 60% of LN positive PMBCs and 14% of LN negative PMBCs. Furthermore, 95% of PMBCs were ER(+), 84% were PR(+) and 9% were Her-2(+); 91% of MMBCs were ER(+), 87% were PR(+) and 33% were Her-2(+). PMBCs with a micropapillary pattern were more frequently associated with nodal disease. PMBCs with axillary disease had one or more of the following: micropapillary pattern, high nuclear grade, Her-2 positivity, smaller tumour size or younger age. Hence, axillary staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended in PMBCs.

Research paper thumbnail of Importance of technical and fundamental analysis in the European foreign exchange market

International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2001

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS Int. ... Using rating scales from '0=pure cha... more INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS Int. ... Using rating scales from '0=pure chartism analysis' to '10=pure fundamental analysis', the present sample of ... p=0.57), gender (t=0.00, p=0.99), trader type (spot, forward, money market, and derivatives traders; F ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influenza-like illness as an atypical presentation of falciparum malaria in a traveler from Africa

The Journal of Emergency …, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate methods of postoperative care of hypospadias

The Journal of …, 2001

In a 12-month period 120 boys with an average age of 2.2 years underwent primary 1-stage hypospad... more In a 12-month period 120 boys with an average age of 2.2 years underwent primary 1-stage hypospadias repair at a single center with 4 participating surgeons. Repair was performed in 60 boys with proximal and 60 with distal hypospadias on an outpatient basis. Ethics and ...

Research paper thumbnail of “High” ear piercing and the rising incidence of perichondritis of the pinna

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence of oxidative stress-induced BNIP3 expression in amyloid beta neurotoxicity

Brain research, 2007

The formation of Aβ and its subsequent deposition in senile plaques are considered to be initial ... more The formation of Aβ and its subsequent deposition in senile plaques are considered to be initial events that lead to a cascade of pathological changes in AD. Mediators of Aβ-induced oxidative stress are known to cause oxidative damage to macromolecules. However, the molecular ...

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation, IR, 13C and 119mSn Mössbauer spectral studies of organotin(IV) derivatives of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1992

Abstract New diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) derivatives (R 2 Sn) n EDTA (R  Me, Et, Pr, n ... more Abstract New diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) derivatives (R 2 Sn) n EDTA (R  Me, Et, Pr, n Bu, n Oct; n = 1, 2); (R 2 Sn) 3 (EDTAH) 2 (R  n Bu, n Oct); and (R 3 Sn) 3 EDTAH (R  ME, n Bu, Ph, Cyh) have been prepared by reacting diorganotindichloride and triorganothinchloride with di-, tri- and tetra-silver salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTAH 4 ) in 1:1, 2:1, 3:2 and 3:1 (metal/ligand) molar ratio, respectively. The 3:2 diorganotin(IV) compounds possess an octahedral geometry around the Sn atom whereas the diorganotin (1:1, 2:1) and triorganotin (3:1) have five coordinate trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the Sn atom. One of the organotin moieties in (R 2 Sn) 3 (EDTAH) 2 acts as a bridge between two EDTA molecules, resulting in a novel type of complex.

Research paper thumbnail of Essential thrombocythemia transforming into acute biphenotypic leukemia in a patient on hydroxyurea monotherapy

Research paper thumbnail of Blue toe syndrome as a clue to the underlying cause of acute renal failure

NDT plus, 2010

We present here a scenario of acute renal failure in the setting of blue toe syndrome. A 62-year-... more We present here a scenario of acute renal failure in the setting of blue toe syndrome. A 62-year-old male with a past medical history of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and stroke presented with a 2-week history of severe diarrhoea, generalized weakness and myalgias ...

Research paper thumbnail of Whitehead's varnish nasal pack

Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Voices of immigrant South Asian women: expressions of health concerns

1. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2001 Nov;12(4):392-403. Voices of immigrant South Asian women:... more 1. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2001 Nov;12(4):392-403. Voices of immigrant South Asian women: expressions of health concerns. Bottorff JL, Johnson JL, Venables LJ, Grewal S, Popatia N, Hilton BA, Clarke H, Sumel P, Bilkhu S, Sandhu G. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Accurate Estimation of Radiative and Convective Losses in a Multizone RTP Reactor

MATERIALS RESEARCH …, 1996

We have developed a methodology aimed at accurately determining the various forms of energy trans... more We have developed a methodology aimed at accurately determining the various forms of energy transfer(convective loss, radiative loss and absorption of lamp energy by the wafer)occurring in any advanced RTP system, based on basic system identification experiments and simple 3- dimensional physical model depicting the heat transfer processes. The identification experiments help in estimating the uncertain system dependent factors which characterize the various forms of energy transfer, which may be otherwise difficult to calculate on pure theoretical basis. This methodology forms the basic building block of our effort to develop a tool which can predict the temperature distribution across the wafer in a realistic way. This tool can be used both as a wafer temperature control algorithm in any advanced RTP system by incorporating more accurate system impedance parameters(convective and radiative loss) as well as by an end user to calculate the required power level settings to various lamp zones to attain reasonable temperature uniformity for a RTP system which does not have a dynamic con-rol.

Research paper thumbnail of How we do it: ENT prescribing to competitive athletes - a review of current regulations

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2005

ABSTRACT Keypoints• Otolaryngologists may be called upon to treat and advise amateur or professio... more ABSTRACT Keypoints• Otolaryngologists may be called upon to treat and advise amateur or professional athletes.• The effect of a positive anti-doping test on an athlete's career is devastating.• It is, therefore, important to ensure that any substance prescribed should be approved for use and should not adversely affect the athlete's performance.• This article explains the testing system and provides an overview of the current status of medications commonly prescribed in routine ENT practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Where is the glottis?

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Patient position for microlaryngoscopy: a trainee survey

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Tracheostomy tube dimensions

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2011

Sir, A good understanding of tracheostomy tube dimensions is important. Air flow through a trache... more Sir, A good understanding of tracheostomy tube dimensions is important. Air flow through a tracheostomy tube is mainly turbulent and determined by the Fanning equation where resistance is inversely proportional to the internal diameter raised to the fifth power. The length and curvature are also important and determine how well the tube fits within the airway. A tube that is too long or incorrectly angled will abut the tracheal wall leading to granulation and obstruction whilst a tube that is too short risks being displaced. Tube dimensions vary widely between manufacturers and we would like to highlight several key differences. Tracheostomy tubes are sized using either the Jackson sizing system that refers to the length and outer diameter taper e.g. Shiley tubes, or the International Standards Organisation (EN ISO 5366-1:2004) method that uses the internal diameter at the narrowest point. For double lumen tubes the internal diameter is measured with the inner cannula in place if it is required for connection to a breathing circuit e.g. Tracheotwist or with the inner cannula removed if it is not e.g. Portex. These discrepancies mean internal diameters are not equivalent between different tubes even if the size is the same (Table 1). The ideal tube curves within the trachea to rest freely and securely within the airway. Portex Blue Line Ultra, Tracheotwist and Shiley are all curved tubes that follow a given angle throughout their length. Table one shows how these angles and lengths differ. Portex Blue Line is an angled tube with an intrastomal straight segment followed by a ninety degree curvature followed by an intratracheal straight segment. This design conforms more to the anatomy of the airway and makes it easier to size.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of lesion localization needles in tracheal resections

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2011

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of The use of an auroscope in the management of epistaxis

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Botulinum toxin in the management of sialorrhoea: a systematic review

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic Forces Enable Rapid Endothelialization of Synthetic Vascular Grafts

Research paper thumbnail of Clinicopathological evaluation of 100 cases of mucinous carcinoma of breast with emphasis on axillary staging and special reference to a micropapillary pattern

Journal of clinical …, 2010

Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is uncommon and associated with better prognosis than mixed... more Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is uncommon and associated with better prognosis than mixed mucinous breast carcinoma (MMBC). A micropapillary pattern in PMBC has been identified although its prognostic significance is questionable. A retrospective review of 100 cases of mucinous carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 was conducted. Two broad categories were studied: PMBC (more than 90% mucinous component; n=45) and MMBC (less than 90% mucinous component; n=55). PMBC was further subclassified as hypocellular/type A (n=37) and cellular/type B (n=8). Receptor status, clinicomorphological and prognostic features were compared without patient follow-up. Mean age at diagnosis in PMBC and MMBC was 60 and 63 years, while mean tumour size was 1.65 and 2.5 cm, respectively. Mean age in type A and type B PMBC patients was 75 and 55 years, respectively. The majority of PMBCs were well differentiated, with two poorly differentiated cases as well. The majority of MMBCs were moderately differentiated. A micropapillary pattern was seen in 20% of PMBCs. Sentinel lymph nodes were positive in 18.5% of PMBCs and 16% of MMBCs. Non-sentinel lymph nodes were positive in 14% of PMBCs and 39% of MMBCs. A micropapillary pattern was seen in 60% of LN positive PMBCs and 14% of LN negative PMBCs. Furthermore, 95% of PMBCs were ER(+), 84% were PR(+) and 9% were Her-2(+); 91% of MMBCs were ER(+), 87% were PR(+) and 33% were Her-2(+). PMBCs with a micropapillary pattern were more frequently associated with nodal disease. PMBCs with axillary disease had one or more of the following: micropapillary pattern, high nuclear grade, Her-2 positivity, smaller tumour size or younger age. Hence, axillary staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended in PMBCs.

Research paper thumbnail of Importance of technical and fundamental analysis in the European foreign exchange market

International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2001

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS Int. ... Using rating scales from '0=pure cha... more INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS Int. ... Using rating scales from '0=pure chartism analysis' to '10=pure fundamental analysis', the present sample of ... p=0.57), gender (t=0.00, p=0.99), trader type (spot, forward, money market, and derivatives traders; F ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influenza-like illness as an atypical presentation of falciparum malaria in a traveler from Africa

The Journal of Emergency …, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate methods of postoperative care of hypospadias

The Journal of …, 2001

In a 12-month period 120 boys with an average age of 2.2 years underwent primary 1-stage hypospad... more In a 12-month period 120 boys with an average age of 2.2 years underwent primary 1-stage hypospadias repair at a single center with 4 participating surgeons. Repair was performed in 60 boys with proximal and 60 with distal hypospadias on an outpatient basis. Ethics and ...

Research paper thumbnail of “High” ear piercing and the rising incidence of perichondritis of the pinna

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence of oxidative stress-induced BNIP3 expression in amyloid beta neurotoxicity

Brain research, 2007

The formation of Aβ and its subsequent deposition in senile plaques are considered to be initial ... more The formation of Aβ and its subsequent deposition in senile plaques are considered to be initial events that lead to a cascade of pathological changes in AD. Mediators of Aβ-induced oxidative stress are known to cause oxidative damage to macromolecules. However, the molecular ...

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation, IR, 13C and 119mSn Mössbauer spectral studies of organotin(IV) derivatives of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1992

Abstract New diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) derivatives (R 2 Sn) n EDTA (R  Me, Et, Pr, n ... more Abstract New diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) derivatives (R 2 Sn) n EDTA (R  Me, Et, Pr, n Bu, n Oct; n = 1, 2); (R 2 Sn) 3 (EDTAH) 2 (R  n Bu, n Oct); and (R 3 Sn) 3 EDTAH (R  ME, n Bu, Ph, Cyh) have been prepared by reacting diorganotindichloride and triorganothinchloride with di-, tri- and tetra-silver salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTAH 4 ) in 1:1, 2:1, 3:2 and 3:1 (metal/ligand) molar ratio, respectively. The 3:2 diorganotin(IV) compounds possess an octahedral geometry around the Sn atom whereas the diorganotin (1:1, 2:1) and triorganotin (3:1) have five coordinate trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the Sn atom. One of the organotin moieties in (R 2 Sn) 3 (EDTAH) 2 acts as a bridge between two EDTA molecules, resulting in a novel type of complex.

Research paper thumbnail of Essential thrombocythemia transforming into acute biphenotypic leukemia in a patient on hydroxyurea monotherapy

Research paper thumbnail of Blue toe syndrome as a clue to the underlying cause of acute renal failure

NDT plus, 2010

We present here a scenario of acute renal failure in the setting of blue toe syndrome. A 62-year-... more We present here a scenario of acute renal failure in the setting of blue toe syndrome. A 62-year-old male with a past medical history of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and stroke presented with a 2-week history of severe diarrhoea, generalized weakness and myalgias ...

Research paper thumbnail of Whitehead's varnish nasal pack

Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Voices of immigrant South Asian women: expressions of health concerns

1. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2001 Nov;12(4):392-403. Voices of immigrant South Asian women:... more 1. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2001 Nov;12(4):392-403. Voices of immigrant South Asian women: expressions of health concerns. Bottorff JL, Johnson JL, Venables LJ, Grewal S, Popatia N, Hilton BA, Clarke H, Sumel P, Bilkhu S, Sandhu G. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Accurate Estimation of Radiative and Convective Losses in a Multizone RTP Reactor

MATERIALS RESEARCH …, 1996

We have developed a methodology aimed at accurately determining the various forms of energy trans... more We have developed a methodology aimed at accurately determining the various forms of energy transfer(convective loss, radiative loss and absorption of lamp energy by the wafer)occurring in any advanced RTP system, based on basic system identification experiments and simple 3- dimensional physical model depicting the heat transfer processes. The identification experiments help in estimating the uncertain system dependent factors which characterize the various forms of energy transfer, which may be otherwise difficult to calculate on pure theoretical basis. This methodology forms the basic building block of our effort to develop a tool which can predict the temperature distribution across the wafer in a realistic way. This tool can be used both as a wafer temperature control algorithm in any advanced RTP system by incorporating more accurate system impedance parameters(convective and radiative loss) as well as by an end user to calculate the required power level settings to various lamp zones to attain reasonable temperature uniformity for a RTP system which does not have a dynamic con-rol.