sanjay singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by sanjay singh
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
Abstract. This paper presents a Dempster Shafer theory based classi-fier fusion algorithm to impr... more Abstract. This paper presents a Dempster Shafer theory based classi-fier fusion algorithm to improve the performance of fingerprint verifica-tion. The proposed fusion algorithm combines decision induced match scores of minutiae, ridge, fingercode and pore based fingerprint ...
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2000
Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is typically bacterial in origin and caused by Pseudomonas, althou... more Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is typically bacterial in origin and caused by Pseudomonas, although the fungus Aspergillus has also rarely been implicated. SBO generally arises from ear infections and infrequently complicates sinonasal infection. Rhinocerebral Mucor infection is characteristically an acute, fulminant, and deadly infection also affecting the orbits and deep face and is associated with intracranial complications. Bony involvement is uncommon because of the angioinvasive nature of the fungus. More recently, chronic invasive Mucor sinusitis has been described. We report the unusual clinical and imaging features of a patient with biopsy-proven invasive mucormycosis arising from chronic isolated sphenoid sinus disease, who presented with extensive SBO and a paucity of deep facial, orbital, or intracranial involvement.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
The hepatitis B vaccine is considered to be highly immunogenic and has a good safety profile. In ... more The hepatitis B vaccine is considered to be highly immunogenic and has a good safety profile. In adults, it has a primary non-response rate of 5%-10%. Causes of nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine include age, sex, obesity smoking. Certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes have been known to be associated with responsiveness to the vaccine, and found to be different in different ethnic groups, such as Caucasians and Orientals. The study was designed to identify the HLA phenotypes that are associated with non-responsiveness to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination amongst a cohort of Indian subjects who agreed to participate in the vaccination programme. The study was offered to 107 volunteers, of whom 102 were found to be negative for HBV markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HBs, hepatitis Be antigen [HBeAg]) . All 102 volunteers were offered recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (20 microg) at 0, 1, and 6 months. Anti-HBs antibody titres were tested ...
International Journal of Dermatology, 1995
... FAILURE OF KETOCONAZOLE TREATMENT IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS. SANJAY SINGH MD, DNB,; RITU SIN... more ... FAILURE OF KETOCONAZOLE TREATMENT IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS. SANJAY SINGH MD, DNB,; RITU SINGH M.Sc,; SHYAM SUNDAR MD. Article first published online: 31 MAY 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03595.x. Issue. ...
Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2000
We have used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz to determine a high-resolution solu... more We have used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz to determine a high-resolution solution structure of an oligonucleotide containing restricted nucleotides with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge (LNA) hybridized to the complementary DNA strand. The LNA:DNA duplex examined contained four thymidine LNA modifications (T(L), d(C1T(L)2G3C4T(L)5T(L)6C7T(L)8G9C10):d( G11C12A13G14A15A16G17C 18A19G20). A total relaxation matrix approach was used to obtain interproton distance bounds from NOESY cross-peak intensities. These distance bounds were used as restraints in molecular dynamics (rMD) calculations. Forty final structures were generated for the duplex from A-form and B-form DNA starting structures. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the coordinates for the 40 structures of the complex was 0.6 A. The sugar puckerings are averaged values of a dynamic interchange between N- and S-type conformation except in case of the locked nucleotides that were found to be fixed in the C3'-endo conformation. Among the other nucleotides in the modified strand, the furanose ring of C7 and G9 is predominantly in the N-type conformation whereas that of G3 is in a mixed conformation. The furanose rings of the nucleotides in the unmodified complementary strand are almost exclusively in the S-type conformation. Due to these different conformations of the sugars in the two strands, there is a structural strain between the A-type modified strand and the B-type unmodified complementary strand. This strain is relaxed by decreasing the value of rise and compensating with tip, buckle, and propeller twist. The values of twist vary along the strand but for a majority of the base pairs a value even lower than that of A-DNA is observed. The average twist over the sequence is 32+/-1 degrees. On the basis of the structure, we conclude that the high stability of LNA:DNA duplexes is caused by a local change of the phosphate backbone geometry that favors a higher degree of stacking.
BioImpacts : BI, 2013
Gene therapy has been recently shown as a promising tool for cancer treatment as nanotechnology-b... more Gene therapy has been recently shown as a promising tool for cancer treatment as nanotechnology-based safe and effective delivery methods are developed. Generally, genes are wrapped up in extremely tiny nanoparticles which could be taken up easily by cancer cells, not to their healthy neighboring cells. Several nanoparticle systems have been investigated primarily to address the problems involved in other methods of gene delivery and observed improved anticancer efficacy suggesting that nanomedicine provides novel opportunities to safely deliver genes, thus treat cancer. In this review, various nanoparticle types and related strategies, used in gene delivery for cancer treatment, have been discussed.
Extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH) based on osmotic technology was deve... more Extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH) based on osmotic technology was developed and evaluated. Target release profile was selected and differ- ent variables were optimized to achieve it. Formulation variables such as the level of swellable polymer, plasti- cizer and the coat thickness of semipermeable membrane (SPM) were found to markedly affect drug release. TRH release was directly proportional
BTAS 2008 - IEEE 2nd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 2008
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2012
In this paper, we propose Bayes estimators of the parameter and reliability function of inverted ... more In this paper, we propose Bayes estimators of the parameter and reliability function of inverted exponential distribution under the general entropy loss function for complete, type I and type II censored samples. The proposed estimators have been compared with the corresponding maximum-likelihood estimators for their simulated risks (average loss over sample space).
Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 1999
Page 1. NUCLEOSJDES & NUCLEOTIDES, 18(6&7), 1365-1 370 (1 999) LNA (LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID) ... more Page 1. NUCLEOSJDES & NUCLEOTIDES, 18(6&7), 1365-1 370 (1 999) LNA (LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID) Jesper Wengel'**, Alexei Koshkinalb, Sanjay K. Singh', Poul Nielsenc, Michael Meldgaard', Vivek K. Rajwanshi', Ravindra ...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discha... more A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discharging seropurulent pus. Actinomadura madurae was demonstrated and identified by microbiological culture from the pus obtained directly of the lesion. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2012
Model checking is a multi-purpose, automatic technique for verifying finite-state concurrent syst... more Model checking is a multi-purpose, automatic technique for verifying finite-state concurrent systems. Formal verification methods have quite recently become usable by industry. Presently model checking has been widely used in hardware, software validation and security protocol analysis. Fiat-Shamir is one of the many zero-knowledge authentication protocol which is used for security authentication purpose. In this paper, we have proposed a formal model of Fiat-Shamir authentication protocol using Finite State Machine (FSM). Security requirements are represented using Computation Tree Logic (CTL). These security requirements are verified and analyzed using symbolic model checker tool NuSMV. Based on our verification we have identified one of the security flaw of Fiat-Shamir protocol using the NuSMV model checker.
In the past years global pollution and the specific situation of global warming changes have been... more In the past years global pollution and the specific situation of global warming changes have been strongly influencing public opinion and thus obliged politicians to initiate/ negotiate in-ternational agreements to control, avoid or at least reduce the impact of CO2 emissions e.g. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the International Copenhagen conference on Climate Change (2009). In the orbital debris area
Research in microbiology, 2010
Phylogenetic diversity analyses of archaeal 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (AamoA) ... more Phylogenetic diversity analyses of archaeal 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (AamoA) genes were carried out on sediment samples from the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries on the central west coast of India. The 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed quite high diversity of archaea in these sediments compared to previous reports from tropical and temperate estuarine sediments. Uncultured members of Crenarchaeota accounted for approximately 78% of 433 archaeal 16S rRNA gene clones from both of the estuaries. We detected archaeal 16S and amoA gene-related organisms capable of ammonia oxidation. Among Crenarchaeota, marine group I (MG I) was the most predominant. Clones matching the uncultured methanobacteria were predominant among the ribogroups of Euryarchaeota. Our results indicate that archaeal diversity in tropical estuarine sediments is influenced by the mangrove vegetation bordering the lower stretches of both estuaries. Higher diversity may be related to elevated land drainage d...
2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2011
Authentication is one of the biggest issues concerning information security in the context of dis... more Authentication is one of the biggest issues concerning information security in the context of distributed environments. Various protocols are used for the authentication purpose such as Needham-Schroeder, Kerberos protocol etc. The aim of this paper is to verify and formalize the Kerberos protocol using NuSMV model checker. The protocol version used in this paper is Kerberos version 4. The paper suggests CTL specifications for authentication, secrecy and integrity. We have also proposed an approach to identify presence of intruder in the system.
Vaccine, 2005
Montanide ® ISA 720 is an experimental adjuvant, formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, that induc... more Montanide ® ISA 720 is an experimental adjuvant, formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, that induces high antibody titers in several animal species. It has been used in human vaccine trials with malaria and HIV vaccines. The heightened response is likely due, in part, to the formation of a depot at the injection site. However, post-formulation modifications were seen with seven proteins tested during storage of ISA 720 formulations at 37 • C for 1 week and two proteins stored longer at 4 • C. Potency studies in mice, in which the stored vaccines were diluted into placebo emulsions for appropriate dosing, indicated that this instability could lead to loss of immunogenicity in the post-injection depot, limiting the allowable storage time of preformed vaccines. We describe point-of-injection formulation for ISA 720 vaccines that meets the requirement for in vitro stability. For preformed vaccines, addition of glycine or glycylglycine prevented antigen modification on storage at 37 • C, providing a potential way of stabilizing antigen/ISA 720 formulations for in vitro storage and the post-injection depot. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2006
In this phase III trial for diagnostics for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, we compared par... more In this phase III trial for diagnostics for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, we compared parasitological diagnosis with several serological tests: direct agglutination test (freeze dried; DAT-FD), rK-39 strip test, rK-26 strip test and a latex agglutination test for antigen detection in urine (KAtex) in 452 subjects from the endemic regions of Bihar, India. The subjects were segregated into four categories: 230 confirmed patients, 52 probable cases, 70 non-cases and 100 healthy endemic controls. The first two groups were used for estimating sensitivity, the latter two for specificity. Sensitivity of DAT-FD was 98.9%, rK-39: 98.9%, KAtex: 67.0% and rK-26: 21.3%. Sensitivity of DAT-FD on blood taken on filter paper (DAT-FDF) was 99.3%, which was comparable with that using serum. Specificity of serological tests was comparable and high (DAT-FD and DAT-FDF: 94%, rK-39 strip test: 97%, KAtex: 99% and rK-26 strip test: 100%). The classical 'gold standard' parasitological demonstration in splenic smear performed poorly as it missed 18.4% of cases that benefited from VL treatment. Reproducibility of the serological tests between field and central laboratories was excellent (j ¼ 1.0, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively for microscopy, DAT-FD, rK-39 strip test and rK-26 strip test). A high degree of agreement was observed between DAT-FD and rK-39 strip test (j ¼ 0.986). Although DAT-FD and rK-39 strip test were highly sensitive with excellent specificity, the ease of use of the latter makes it most suitable for the diagnosis of VL in the field conditions. keywords visceral leishmaniasis, direct agglutination test, rK-39 strip test, rK-26 strip test, KAtex, diagnostic accuracy Tropical Medicine and International Health
Transition Metal Chemistry, 2005
Ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2C1]PF6 · 0.42H2O (tpy =2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) (1) and a ... more Ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2C1]PF6 · 0.42H2O (tpy =2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) (1) and a new crystal form of [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2Cl]BF4(2), which crystallized without water solvate, and their comparative studies on spectral, structure and stability aspects are reported. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FAB-MS, i.r., 1H n.m.r. and electronic spectral studies. In these complexes weak C—H···Fπ and face-to-face π–π interactions lead to a single helical motif while, C—H···FX (X=F, Cl) interactions result in linear chains. Various studies on the stability of the complexes suggested that the compound containing the counter anion PF
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
Abstract. This paper presents a Dempster Shafer theory based classi-fier fusion algorithm to impr... more Abstract. This paper presents a Dempster Shafer theory based classi-fier fusion algorithm to improve the performance of fingerprint verifica-tion. The proposed fusion algorithm combines decision induced match scores of minutiae, ridge, fingercode and pore based fingerprint ...
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2000
Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is typically bacterial in origin and caused by Pseudomonas, althou... more Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is typically bacterial in origin and caused by Pseudomonas, although the fungus Aspergillus has also rarely been implicated. SBO generally arises from ear infections and infrequently complicates sinonasal infection. Rhinocerebral Mucor infection is characteristically an acute, fulminant, and deadly infection also affecting the orbits and deep face and is associated with intracranial complications. Bony involvement is uncommon because of the angioinvasive nature of the fungus. More recently, chronic invasive Mucor sinusitis has been described. We report the unusual clinical and imaging features of a patient with biopsy-proven invasive mucormycosis arising from chronic isolated sphenoid sinus disease, who presented with extensive SBO and a paucity of deep facial, orbital, or intracranial involvement.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
The hepatitis B vaccine is considered to be highly immunogenic and has a good safety profile. In ... more The hepatitis B vaccine is considered to be highly immunogenic and has a good safety profile. In adults, it has a primary non-response rate of 5%-10%. Causes of nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine include age, sex, obesity smoking. Certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes have been known to be associated with responsiveness to the vaccine, and found to be different in different ethnic groups, such as Caucasians and Orientals. The study was designed to identify the HLA phenotypes that are associated with non-responsiveness to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination amongst a cohort of Indian subjects who agreed to participate in the vaccination programme. The study was offered to 107 volunteers, of whom 102 were found to be negative for HBV markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HBs, hepatitis Be antigen [HBeAg]) . All 102 volunteers were offered recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (20 microg) at 0, 1, and 6 months. Anti-HBs antibody titres were tested ...
International Journal of Dermatology, 1995
... FAILURE OF KETOCONAZOLE TREATMENT IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS. SANJAY SINGH MD, DNB,; RITU SIN... more ... FAILURE OF KETOCONAZOLE TREATMENT IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS. SANJAY SINGH MD, DNB,; RITU SINGH M.Sc,; SHYAM SUNDAR MD. Article first published online: 31 MAY 2007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03595.x. Issue. ...
Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2000
We have used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz to determine a high-resolution solu... more We have used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz to determine a high-resolution solution structure of an oligonucleotide containing restricted nucleotides with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge (LNA) hybridized to the complementary DNA strand. The LNA:DNA duplex examined contained four thymidine LNA modifications (T(L), d(C1T(L)2G3C4T(L)5T(L)6C7T(L)8G9C10):d( G11C12A13G14A15A16G17C 18A19G20). A total relaxation matrix approach was used to obtain interproton distance bounds from NOESY cross-peak intensities. These distance bounds were used as restraints in molecular dynamics (rMD) calculations. Forty final structures were generated for the duplex from A-form and B-form DNA starting structures. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the coordinates for the 40 structures of the complex was 0.6 A. The sugar puckerings are averaged values of a dynamic interchange between N- and S-type conformation except in case of the locked nucleotides that were found to be fixed in the C3'-endo conformation. Among the other nucleotides in the modified strand, the furanose ring of C7 and G9 is predominantly in the N-type conformation whereas that of G3 is in a mixed conformation. The furanose rings of the nucleotides in the unmodified complementary strand are almost exclusively in the S-type conformation. Due to these different conformations of the sugars in the two strands, there is a structural strain between the A-type modified strand and the B-type unmodified complementary strand. This strain is relaxed by decreasing the value of rise and compensating with tip, buckle, and propeller twist. The values of twist vary along the strand but for a majority of the base pairs a value even lower than that of A-DNA is observed. The average twist over the sequence is 32+/-1 degrees. On the basis of the structure, we conclude that the high stability of LNA:DNA duplexes is caused by a local change of the phosphate backbone geometry that favors a higher degree of stacking.
BioImpacts : BI, 2013
Gene therapy has been recently shown as a promising tool for cancer treatment as nanotechnology-b... more Gene therapy has been recently shown as a promising tool for cancer treatment as nanotechnology-based safe and effective delivery methods are developed. Generally, genes are wrapped up in extremely tiny nanoparticles which could be taken up easily by cancer cells, not to their healthy neighboring cells. Several nanoparticle systems have been investigated primarily to address the problems involved in other methods of gene delivery and observed improved anticancer efficacy suggesting that nanomedicine provides novel opportunities to safely deliver genes, thus treat cancer. In this review, various nanoparticle types and related strategies, used in gene delivery for cancer treatment, have been discussed.
Extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH) based on osmotic technology was deve... more Extended release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride (TRH) based on osmotic technology was developed and evaluated. Target release profile was selected and differ- ent variables were optimized to achieve it. Formulation variables such as the level of swellable polymer, plasti- cizer and the coat thickness of semipermeable membrane (SPM) were found to markedly affect drug release. TRH release was directly proportional
BTAS 2008 - IEEE 2nd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, 2008
Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2012
In this paper, we propose Bayes estimators of the parameter and reliability function of inverted ... more In this paper, we propose Bayes estimators of the parameter and reliability function of inverted exponential distribution under the general entropy loss function for complete, type I and type II censored samples. The proposed estimators have been compared with the corresponding maximum-likelihood estimators for their simulated risks (average loss over sample space).
Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 1999
Page 1. NUCLEOSJDES & NUCLEOTIDES, 18(6&7), 1365-1 370 (1 999) LNA (LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID) ... more Page 1. NUCLEOSJDES & NUCLEOTIDES, 18(6&7), 1365-1 370 (1 999) LNA (LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID) Jesper Wengel'**, Alexei Koshkinalb, Sanjay K. Singh', Poul Nielsenc, Michael Meldgaard', Vivek K. Rajwanshi', Ravindra ...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discha... more A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discharging seropurulent pus. Actinomadura madurae was demonstrated and identified by microbiological culture from the pus obtained directly of the lesion. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2012
Model checking is a multi-purpose, automatic technique for verifying finite-state concurrent syst... more Model checking is a multi-purpose, automatic technique for verifying finite-state concurrent systems. Formal verification methods have quite recently become usable by industry. Presently model checking has been widely used in hardware, software validation and security protocol analysis. Fiat-Shamir is one of the many zero-knowledge authentication protocol which is used for security authentication purpose. In this paper, we have proposed a formal model of Fiat-Shamir authentication protocol using Finite State Machine (FSM). Security requirements are represented using Computation Tree Logic (CTL). These security requirements are verified and analyzed using symbolic model checker tool NuSMV. Based on our verification we have identified one of the security flaw of Fiat-Shamir protocol using the NuSMV model checker.
In the past years global pollution and the specific situation of global warming changes have been... more In the past years global pollution and the specific situation of global warming changes have been strongly influencing public opinion and thus obliged politicians to initiate/ negotiate in-ternational agreements to control, avoid or at least reduce the impact of CO2 emissions e.g. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the International Copenhagen conference on Climate Change (2009). In the orbital debris area
Research in microbiology, 2010
Phylogenetic diversity analyses of archaeal 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (AamoA) ... more Phylogenetic diversity analyses of archaeal 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (AamoA) genes were carried out on sediment samples from the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries on the central west coast of India. The 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed quite high diversity of archaea in these sediments compared to previous reports from tropical and temperate estuarine sediments. Uncultured members of Crenarchaeota accounted for approximately 78% of 433 archaeal 16S rRNA gene clones from both of the estuaries. We detected archaeal 16S and amoA gene-related organisms capable of ammonia oxidation. Among Crenarchaeota, marine group I (MG I) was the most predominant. Clones matching the uncultured methanobacteria were predominant among the ribogroups of Euryarchaeota. Our results indicate that archaeal diversity in tropical estuarine sediments is influenced by the mangrove vegetation bordering the lower stretches of both estuaries. Higher diversity may be related to elevated land drainage d...
2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2011
Authentication is one of the biggest issues concerning information security in the context of dis... more Authentication is one of the biggest issues concerning information security in the context of distributed environments. Various protocols are used for the authentication purpose such as Needham-Schroeder, Kerberos protocol etc. The aim of this paper is to verify and formalize the Kerberos protocol using NuSMV model checker. The protocol version used in this paper is Kerberos version 4. The paper suggests CTL specifications for authentication, secrecy and integrity. We have also proposed an approach to identify presence of intruder in the system.
Vaccine, 2005
Montanide ® ISA 720 is an experimental adjuvant, formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, that induc... more Montanide ® ISA 720 is an experimental adjuvant, formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, that induces high antibody titers in several animal species. It has been used in human vaccine trials with malaria and HIV vaccines. The heightened response is likely due, in part, to the formation of a depot at the injection site. However, post-formulation modifications were seen with seven proteins tested during storage of ISA 720 formulations at 37 • C for 1 week and two proteins stored longer at 4 • C. Potency studies in mice, in which the stored vaccines were diluted into placebo emulsions for appropriate dosing, indicated that this instability could lead to loss of immunogenicity in the post-injection depot, limiting the allowable storage time of preformed vaccines. We describe point-of-injection formulation for ISA 720 vaccines that meets the requirement for in vitro stability. For preformed vaccines, addition of glycine or glycylglycine prevented antigen modification on storage at 37 • C, providing a potential way of stabilizing antigen/ISA 720 formulations for in vitro storage and the post-injection depot. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2006
In this phase III trial for diagnostics for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, we compared par... more In this phase III trial for diagnostics for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, we compared parasitological diagnosis with several serological tests: direct agglutination test (freeze dried; DAT-FD), rK-39 strip test, rK-26 strip test and a latex agglutination test for antigen detection in urine (KAtex) in 452 subjects from the endemic regions of Bihar, India. The subjects were segregated into four categories: 230 confirmed patients, 52 probable cases, 70 non-cases and 100 healthy endemic controls. The first two groups were used for estimating sensitivity, the latter two for specificity. Sensitivity of DAT-FD was 98.9%, rK-39: 98.9%, KAtex: 67.0% and rK-26: 21.3%. Sensitivity of DAT-FD on blood taken on filter paper (DAT-FDF) was 99.3%, which was comparable with that using serum. Specificity of serological tests was comparable and high (DAT-FD and DAT-FDF: 94%, rK-39 strip test: 97%, KAtex: 99% and rK-26 strip test: 100%). The classical 'gold standard' parasitological demonstration in splenic smear performed poorly as it missed 18.4% of cases that benefited from VL treatment. Reproducibility of the serological tests between field and central laboratories was excellent (j ¼ 1.0, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively for microscopy, DAT-FD, rK-39 strip test and rK-26 strip test). A high degree of agreement was observed between DAT-FD and rK-39 strip test (j ¼ 0.986). Although DAT-FD and rK-39 strip test were highly sensitive with excellent specificity, the ease of use of the latter makes it most suitable for the diagnosis of VL in the field conditions. keywords visceral leishmaniasis, direct agglutination test, rK-39 strip test, rK-26 strip test, KAtex, diagnostic accuracy Tropical Medicine and International Health
Transition Metal Chemistry, 2005
Ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2C1]PF6 · 0.42H2O (tpy =2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) (1) and a ... more Ruthenium complexes [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2C1]PF6 · 0.42H2O (tpy =2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) (1) and a new crystal form of [Ru(κ3−tpy)(AsPh3)2Cl]BF4(2), which crystallized without water solvate, and their comparative studies on spectral, structure and stability aspects are reported. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FAB-MS, i.r., 1H n.m.r. and electronic spectral studies. In these complexes weak C—H···Fπ and face-to-face π–π interactions lead to a single helical motif while, C—H···FX (X=F, Cl) interactions result in linear chains. Various studies on the stability of the complexes suggested that the compound containing the counter anion PF