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Papers by sankar mani

Journal of Heat Transfer

This investigation is devoted to analyze the buoyancy-driven flow behavior and associated thermal... more This investigation is devoted to analyze the buoyancy-driven flow behavior and associated thermal dissipation rate in a nanofluid-filled annular region with five different single source-sink and three different dual source-sink arrangements along the vertical surfaces. The remaining region on the vertical boundaries and horizontal surfaces are kept adiabatic. Numerical simulations have been performed by employing the finite difference method. To analyze the impacts of different nanofluids, nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number, size, and arrangement of sources and sinks, the results are graphically represented through streamline and isotherm contours, thermal profiles, average Nusselt number, and cup-mixing temperature. The results showed that identifying an optimum location and length of source-sink with a proper selection of other control parameters can lead to enhanced thermal transport and thermal mixing in the enclosure. In particular, middle-middle thermally active loc...

Computational Thermal Sciences: An International Journal, 2021

International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 2008

... Mani Sankar East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mathematics,Sapth... more ... Mani Sankar East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mathematics,Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore - 560 057, India. M. Venkatachalappa UGC Centre for Advanced Studies in Fluid Mechanics, Department of Mathematics, Bangalore ...

Objective: The current study is proposed for incorporating play therapy in the treatment of child... more Objective: The current study is proposed for incorporating play therapy in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with the Objective being to determine the beneficial effects of play therapy on Attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Method: 50 children diagnosed with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder between the age group of 5 to 12 years satisfying the selection criteria were included in the study. A routine pediatric assessment was done and attention was assessed using Conners’ Abbreviated Teacher Rating Scale. Children were then divided in to 2 groups. Group-A was experimental group receiving play therapy along with medications. Group-B was control group receiving only medications. Play therapy was given for one hour daily for one month and post intervention values were assessed. Result: The statistical analysis of the data supports the beneficial effect of play therapy on attention component of children diagnosed with Atten...

Background & Objective Physical activity is an important component of healthy lifestyle to reduce... more Background & Objective Physical activity is an important component of healthy lifestyle to reduce a person's risk of developing disease and subsequent disability. The endorsement of an active lifestyle is more credible coming from a professional who is physically active. Physical therapy practitioners are among the many health care professionals who can counsel their patients to address the public health care concern of physical activity. Health care providers who are physically active themselves are more likely to counsel patients on the benefits of activity. Hence this study is aimed to examine the leisure-time physical activity habits of physical therapists & student physical therapists and compare these habits with those of other health care professionals. Method A cross sectional survey was carried out in Baroda city of India to find out leisure time physical activity habits of physical therapists, student physical therapists and other health care professionals including ph...

Journal of Porous Media, 2014

ABSTRACT A numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer induced by two discrete he... more ABSTRACT A numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer induced by two discrete heat sources placed on the inner wall of a vertical porous annulus has been carried out in this article. The outer wall is maintained at a lower temperature, while top and bottom walls and unheated portions of inner wall are kept adiabatic. The porous medium is modeled by using the Brinkman–extended Darcy equation. An implicit and stable finite difference technique has been used to solve the nonlinear and coupled governing equations of the flow system. For a wide range of modified Rayleigh and Darcy numbers and aspect and radius ratios, the analysis is carried out to understand the effect of discrete heating on the streamlines, isotherms, and the average Nusselt number. The qualitative changes in the flow patterns and isotherms due to discrete heating caused by two heat sources are successfully captured in the present analysis. It was observed that the heat transfer can be enhanced by increasing the radius ratio, modified Rayleigh number, and Darcy number, while it decreases with an increase in aspect ratio. Among the two heat sources, the bottom heater is found to dissipate higher heat transfer compared to top heater. The maximum temperature at the heat sources is also determined.We discuss many issues of the maximum temperature for different values of the modified Rayleigh and Darcy numbers, radius, and aspect ratios.

International Journal of Yoga, 2012

the hernia sac is lined by peritoneum and protrudes from the neck. There is no consistent relatio... more the hernia sac is lined by peritoneum and protrudes from the neck. There is no consistent relationship between the area of hernia defect and the size of hernia sac. [1] Inguinal hernia is due to weakness of the abdominal muscles which holds the organs in their original positions. So the organ gets protruded through inguinal canal and sometimes to scrotum. The causes for inguinal hernia are congenital weakness or the developmental defect in the abdominal muscles or ligaments, unexpected pull while handling heavy item, which split the muscles and ligaments, elevated intra-abdominal pressure, flabbiness of the abdominal muscles and obesity. Incidence and prevalence Hernias are a common problem; however, their true incidence is unknown. It is estimated that 5% of the population will develop an abdominal wall hernia, but the prevalence may be even higher. Approximately 75% of all hernias occur in the inguinal region. Based on national operative statistics, incisional hernias account for 15% to 20% of all abdominal wall hernias, umbilical and epigastric hernias constitute 10% of hernias, femoral hernias for Background: Hernia is an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls which most commonly involves the abdominal wall, particularly the inguinal region. The treatment options for hernia ranges from simple exercises to modern surgeries. The effect of yoga therapy is not scientifically examined for reversible inguinal hernia and hence this study is undertaken with the aim to test the effect of selected asanas in reversible inguinal hernia. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental trail of 19 males through consecutive sampling was done with selected asanas for three months and the outcome was measured by a questionnaire focusing on pain, aggravating factors, relieving factors and frequency of occurrence of symptoms of hernia. Results: The pre and post interventional data were compared statistically and found significant reduction of symptoms with P≤0.001 in pain, frequency of occurrence and aggravating factors. The relieving factors showed significant increase with P≤0.001. Conclusion: Yoga therapy with selected asanas is effective in the treatment of reversible inguinal hernia.

Transport in Porous Media, 2011

This article reports a numerical study of double-diffusive convection in a fluidsaturated vertica... more This article reports a numerical study of double-diffusive convection in a fluidsaturated vertical porous annulus subjected to discrete heat and mass fluxes from a portion of the inner wall. The outer wall is maintained at uniform temperature and concentration, while the top and bottom walls are adiabatic and impermeable to mass transfer. The physical model for the momentum equation is formulated using the Darcy law, and the resulting governing equations are solved using an implicit finite difference technique. The influence of physical and geometrical parameters on the streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentrations, average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers has been numerically investigated in detail. The location of heat and solute source has a profound influence on the flow pattern, heat and mass transfer rates in the porous annulus. For the segment located at the bottom portion of inner wall, the flow rate is found to be higher, whereas the heat and mass transfer rates are higher when the source is placed near the middle of the inner wall. Further, the average Sherwood number increases with Lewis number, while for the average Nusselt number the effect is opposite. The average Nusselt number increases with radius ratio (λ); however, the average Sherwood number increases with radius ratio only up to λ = 5, and for λ > 5 , the average Sherwood number does not increase significantly.

Transport in Porous Media, 2010

The main objective of this article is to study the effect of discrete heating on free convection ... more The main objective of this article is to study the effect of discrete heating on free convection heat transfer in a rectangular porous enclosure containing a heat-generating substance. The left wall of the enclosure has two discrete heat sources and the right wall is isothermally cooled at a lower temperature. The top and bottom walls, and the unheated portions of the left wall are adiabatic. The vorticity-stream function formulation of the governing equations is numerically solved using an implicit finite difference method. The effects of aspect ratio, Darcy number, heat source length, and modified Rayleigh number on the flow and heat transfer are analyzed. The numerical results reveal that the rate of heat transfer increases as the modified Rayleigh number and the Darcy number increases, but decreases on increasing the aspect ratio. The average heat transfer rate is found to be higher at the bottom heater than at the top heater in almost all considered parameter cases except for ε = 0.5. Also, the maximum temperature takes place generally at the top heater except for the case ε = 0.5, where the maximum temperature is found at the bottom heater. Further, the numerical results reveal that the maximum temperature decreases with the modified Rayleigh number and increases with the aspect ratio.

Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2011

ABSTRACT In this article, we numerically study natural convection heat transfer in a cylindrical ... more ABSTRACT In this article, we numerically study natural convection heat transfer in a cylindrical annular cavity with discrete heat sources on the inner wall, whereas the outer wall is isothermally cooled at a lower temperature, and the top wall, the bottom wall, and unheated portions of the inner wall are assumed to be thermally insulated. To investigate the effect of discrete heating on the natural convection heat transfer, at most two heating sources located near the top and bottom walls are considered, and the size and location of these discrete heaters are varied in the enclosure. The governing equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference method. The effect of heater placements, heater lengths, aspect ratio, radii ratio, and modified Rayleigh number on the flow and heat transfer in the annuli are analyzed. Our numerical results show that when the size of the heater is smaller, the heat transfer rates are higher. We also found that the heat transfer in the annular cavity increases with radii ratio and modified Rayleigh number, and can be enhanced by placing a heater with the smaller length near the bottom surface.

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011

This study reports a numerical investigation of the convective flow and heat transfer in a square... more This study reports a numerical investigation of the convective flow and heat transfer in a square porous cavity with partially active thermal walls. Five different heating and cooling zones are considered along the vertical walls while the remaining portions of the side walls as well as the top and bottom of the cavity are adiabatic. The Brinkman Forchheimer extended Darcy model is used in the present study and the resulting governing equations are solved by finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. The computations are carried out for a wide range of parameters and the results are presented graphically. The results reveal that the location of heating and cooling zones has a significant influence on the flow pattern and the corresponding heat transfer in the enclosure. The location of partial heating has different effect on velocity and heat transfer, and the heat transfer rate approaches to a constant value for very low values of the Darcy number.

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2011

The main objective of this article is to study the effect of magnetic field on the combined buoya... more The main objective of this article is to study the effect of magnetic field on the combined buoyancy and surface tension driven convection in a cylindrical annular enclosure. In this study, the top surface of the annulus is assumed to be free, and the bottom wall is insulated, whereas the inner and the outer cylindrical walls are kept at hot and cold temperatures respectively. The governing equations of the flow system are numerically solved using an implicit finite difference technique. The numerical results for various governing parameters of the problem are discussed in terms of the streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt number and velocity profiles in the annuli. Our results reveal that, in tall cavities, the axial magnetic field suppresses the surface tension flow more effectively than the radial magnetic field, whereas, the radial magnetic field is found to be better for suppressing the buoyancy driven flow compared to axial magnetic field. However, the axial magnetic field is found to be effective in suppressing both the flows in shallow cavities. From the results, we also found that the surface tension effect is predominant in shallow cavities compared to the square and tall annulus. Further, the heat transfer rate increases with radii ratio, but decreases with the Hartmann number.

International Journal of Engineering Science, 2011

This paper reports the effect of axial or radial magnetic field on the double-diffusive natural c... more This paper reports the effect of axial or radial magnetic field on the double-diffusive natural convection in a vertical cylindrical annular cavity. The boundary conditions at the side walls are imposed in such a way that the thermal and solutal buoyancy effects are either ...

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010

The main objective of this article is to investigate the effect of discrete heating on convection... more The main objective of this article is to investigate the effect of discrete heating on convection heat transfer in a vertical cylindrical annulus. In this analysis, the inner wall of the cavity has two discrete flush-mounted heat sources and the outer wall is isothermally cooled at a ...

Fluid Dynamics Research, 2012

Natural convection in an annulus with a discrete heat source on the inner cylinder is studied num... more Natural convection in an annulus with a discrete heat source on the inner cylinder is studied numerically. The outer cylinder is isothermally cooled at a fixed low temperature, and the top wall, the bottom wall and unheated portions of the inner cylinder are thermally insulated. For low applied heat flux through the heater, as measured non-dimensionally by a Grashof number, Gr , the flow in the annular gap consists of a single-cell overturning meridional flow driven by the radial temperature gradient between the heater on the inner cylinder and the cold outer cylinder. In this regime, the flow is very weak and heat is transported primarily via conduction. The flow structure does not change until Gr ∼ 10 4 , although the flow strength steadily increases with Gr. As the nonlinear convection terms become more important, the meridional circulation sweeps the isotherms from being almost vertical near the outer cylinder to almost horizontal near the bottom wall. By the end of the transition from the conduction-dominated regime (Gr < 10 4) to the convection-dominated regime (Gr ∼ 10 6), the flow becomes segregated into three distinct regions: (i) for vertical levels below that of the bottom of the heater, an essentially cold stagnant pool develops, with the heat flux through the outer cylinder dropping to zero. (ii) At vertical levels between the bottom and the top of the heater, most of the region in between the two cylinders is stably stratified with a relatively weak radial flow from the cold to the heated cylinder. The horizontal isotherms adjust to the temperatures on the cylinders in thin buoyancy boundary layers which drive fluid down the cold cylinder and up the heated cylinder segment. The boundary layer on the heater is about half as thick as that on the cold cylinder, but about twice as intense. (iii) The third region is above the heater top. The boundary layer flow from the heater continues upward where it meets the top endwall and bounces off of it. A wavy jet bounces on its way radially

Acta Mechanica, 2001

Summary A numerical study is conducted to understand the effect of rotation on the axisymmetric f... more Summary A numerical study is conducted to understand the effect of rotation on the axisymmetric flow driven by buoyancy in an annular cavity formed by two concentric vertical cylinders which rotate about their axis with different angular velocities. The inner and outer ...