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Papers by santosh kafle
International Journal of Infection and Microbiology, 2013
Introduction: Tuberculosis of the tongue is one of the less common lesions caused by the mycobact... more Introduction: Tuberculosis of the tongue is one of the less common lesions caused by the mycobacterium bacilli whether primary or secondary. Most of the reported cases in the literature are in association with pulmonary lesion or a primary focus elsewhere. Case Report: We report a case of 63 years old male patient from Rajghat, Morang, Nepal with burning sensation over tongue since 30 days. Microscopic examination revealed epithelioid cell granuloma, caseous necrosis and Langhans giant cell with Acid Fast Bacilli on Ziehl Neelsen staining. Conclusion: Lingual Tuberculosis is a diagnostic dilemma because of its rarity. Hence, we are reporting this case. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8006 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):26-28
Birat Journal of Health Sciences, 2017
Not available.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 148-149
Dermatopathology, May 5, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Health Renaissance, 2013
Inflammatory fibroid polyps are believed to occur in response to local noxious stimuli. They are ... more Inflammatory fibroid polyps are believed to occur in response to local noxious stimuli. They are uncommon benign but well documented solitary polypoid lesions occurring in gastrointestinal tract; most commonly in stomach. A rare entities of two adult intussusceptions due to inflammatory fibroid polyp in ileum has been reported in this article. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 166-168 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8227
Journal of Pathology of Nepal
A digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, which occurs in the finger and toes around the... more A digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, which occurs in the finger and toes around the subungual and periungual region. Histopathologically, it consists of a well-circumscribed unencapsulated dermal tumor composed of spindle and stellate cells in a loose fascicular pattern embedded in a myxocollagenous stroma. We report this rare case of superficial acral fibromyxoma presenting as an asymptomatic subungual mass in the greater toe in a middle age female.
Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as... more Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nepal. It can be prevented if it is diagnosed in early stage. The aim of this study was to analyze cytological findings of cervical papanicolaou (pap) smear. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital during one year period from 13 April 2016 to 12 April 2017. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system in conventional cervical Pap smear. All the cases were reviewed by all the pathologist of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Result: Total cases were 240 in one year period in which 225 cases (93%) were satisfactory for evaluation and 15 cases (6.25%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degenerative cells and hemorrhage. Most common age group in this study was (3140years) 97cases (40.4%). Negative...
Nepal Medical College journal, 2020
More than 50% of the world’s population has at least a thyroid nodule. Detail clinical examinatio... more More than 50% of the world’s population has at least a thyroid nodule. Detail clinical examination and radiology may help in diagnosing thyroid lesions but the management depends upon the cytopathological diagnosis. Optimum use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and better understanding of cytomorphological characteristic of thyroid lesions by using Bethesda system, triaging of patients who are to be treated medically or surgically is more accurate. The objective of this present study is cytopathological evaluation of thyroid lesions based on Bethesda System in patients attending Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The objective was also to correlate the cytological findings with histopathological findings where ever possible. A total of 104 patients with thyroid lesions underwent fine needle aspiration cytology in a period of a year (September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020). Cytological features were evaluated and classified according to the Bethesda system. Histopatho...
Introduction: A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidn... more Introduction: A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. A regular urine test may be done to help for finding the cause of symptoms. The test can give information about our health and problems we may have. Objectives: -To assess the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in school-aged children of Dharan Municipality, Nepal. To provide report of the urine analysis to the students which may help for their further health consciousness? Methods: Cross sectional, purposive sampling study of 200 urine samples of school age children (≤10 years) of different schools was done. Results: 54% and 46% were male and female subjects among which the lowest and highest age was 5 and 10 years respectively. Most common pH finding was 6.0, yellow color followed by straw color and clear white respectively. Highest specific gravity of urine was 1.015(80%) followed by 1.020 (44%). Ketone bodies and bilirubin positivity were found in single sample each. 7% of urin...
Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 2021
INTRODUCTION The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. R... more INTRODUCTION The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic laboratory test for confirming the diagnosis. The complete blood count (CBC) is the laboratory test routinely done in patients suffering from any type of infection. This test provides the information to physicians regarding the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to evaluate and find out whether hematologic parameters are affected in a person suffering from Covid-19 infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a prospective study done from 3rd December 2020 to 3rd February 2021 for a period of two months. All the confirmed patients of corona (COVID-19) with RT-PCR, between days-1 to day-15 of PCR positivity, whose hematological profile was sent to the pathology laboratory department, were studied. The hematologic parameters studied include total white blood cells count (TLC), differential white blood cell count (...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common and can affect any portion of the gastroi... more Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Diseases can just shows clinical conditions like stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea which can be self- limiting. But sometimes disease may be life-threatening like malignancy. Biopsy is necessary for confirmatory diagnosis and further treatment of the patient. So histopathologic examination is a must for all surgical procedures for confirmation and categorization of GI disorders. Objectives: This study was done to find out the various patterns of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with its commonest age group and sex involvement Methodology: This was a prospective study of all the surgically resected GI tissue received in the Department of Pathology Histopathology unit in Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital (BMCTH) from 1st February 2021 to 30 thApril 2021.The hematoxylin and eosin stain slides of the GI tissue received were stud...
Introduction: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare breast malignancy with a slow grow... more Introduction: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare breast malignancy with a slow growth rate and excellent prognosis. Case Series: There were two cases of EPC, one of them was a 60-year-old female presenting with two lumps in the right breast at 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions. A right modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection was done subsequently. On histopathology EPC was diagnosed. The other case was of a 45-year-old female presenting with bloody nipple discharge and a 2-cm subareolar lump. Histopathology revealed features of EPC with invasion into the fibrous capsule. In both cases, there was no associated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes were not involved. Conclusion: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma is a rare breast malignancy with excellent prognosis. In the absence of associated DCIS in the surrounding tissue or areas of infiltrating carcinoma, it has a very favorable prognosis with adequate local therapy alone. Niharika Shah1, Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle2, Punam Paudyal3 Affiliations: 1MD Pathology, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; 2MD Pathology, Fellowship Dermatopathology, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal; 3MD Pathology, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Corresponding Author: Niharika Shah, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BPKIHS, Ghopa Camp, Dharan, Nepal, 56700; Email: niharika.shah@bpkihs.edu Received: 15 January 2017 Accepted: 07 March 2017 Published: 25 March 2017
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among anemic patients with hemoglob... more Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among anemic patients with hemoglobin <10 gm%, attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 15 May to 15 July 2020 were analyzed for RBC indices and platelet count variation. Demographic data, RBC indices, platelet count variation, and types of anemia were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for correlating the platelet count with RBC indices. A Chi-square test was used to know about the association between the types of anemia and platelet count variation.
Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Health is a fundamental right for which concerned sides should bear the responsibility at the ind... more Health is a fundamental right for which concerned sides should bear the responsibility at the individual, societal, state, and international level. Not only curative but preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services should also be availed in accessible, affordable, and acceptable form. The quest for health becomes more intense during adverse periods like a pandemic. The whole world has witnessed the COVID-19 pandemic, the unprecedented pandemic of this century. This quest is more dismal in developing nations like Nepal when even resource-rich countries are laid down by it. The quest of health demands, hence more during this pandemic, for the bearing of the responsibility by all. Here, we have made an attempt to draw together the general and some specific responsibilities of various direct stakeholders in this pandemic with multifaceted mayhem. We have incorporated here, the responsibilities of the public, COVID and non-COVID patients, media personnel, health science students, p...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correc... more Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correct categorization of varying types of anemia is essential for therapeutic purposes. Various laboratory tests are done to find out its underlying cause, but peripheral smear (PS) study of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology is important along with study of red blood cell indices in the classification of anemia. Objectives: This study was done to evaluate RBC morphology on peripheral smear examination in patients of anemia and to compare these findings with cell counter generated red blood cells indices comprising of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Methodology: Red blood cell morphology on peripheral blood smear was studied in 350 patients of anemia irrespective of age and gender received under six months duration from 1st January 2019 to 30 th June 2019 and findings were compared with cell counter gener...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynaecological problems. Et... more Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynaecological problems. Etiology of AUB may be structural and functional and varies according to age group. Histological pattern of endometrial sampling along with clinical and radiological findings remains the diagnostic standard for clinical diagnosis of endometrial pathology which ultimately helps in deciding the management of the patients. Objectives: To determine histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with AUB attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. To determine the pattern of menstrual abnormality in patients with AUB in different age groups. Methodology: We conducted a prospective hospital based cross sectional study for a period of one year (1 April 2019 to March 31 2020). Histopathological findings of all endometrial biopsy samples in patients with AUB were examined. Patients were categorized into different age groups and the patterns of menstrual abnormality were also d...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard me... more Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard method for diagnosis. The presence of eosinophil besides other inflammatory cells like neutrophils and mature lymphocytes within different histological layers of appendectomy specimens are common findings for labeling it under various groups. This finding supports the assumption that appendicitis is triggered by Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Objective: To evaluate the eosinophil count variation in appendectomy specimens in patients with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. Methodology: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 144 appendectomy specimens obtained in Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Socio-demographic data, association of histopathological patterns with age groups, gender and eosinophil count in various histopathological groups was compared and cross-tabulated using SPSS version 16. Result: ...
Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology
Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic... more Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. Poor sanitation and improper management of food and meat products are the major causes for cysticercosis infestation. Case: Two cases of myocysticercosis presented to our hospital differently. A 12 years boy, first case presented with drooping of right eye (RE) upper lid with recurrent swelling, pain, redness with mild headache and intermittent vomiting for 1 and half months. On examination swelling of RE upper lid, mild ptosis, abaxial proptosis with restricted motility in upgaze was noted. Orbital CT (computer tomography) scan and ocular ultrasound reports showed findings suggestive of myocysticercosis of superior rectus muscle of RE. Routine microscopic examination (RME) of stool demonstrated eggs of Taenia. Complete blood count (CBC) showed eosinophilia. As a suspected case of myocysticercosis and since the patient resided at a...
International Journal of Infection and Microbiology, 2013
Introduction: Tuberculosis of the tongue is one of the less common lesions caused by the mycobact... more Introduction: Tuberculosis of the tongue is one of the less common lesions caused by the mycobacterium bacilli whether primary or secondary. Most of the reported cases in the literature are in association with pulmonary lesion or a primary focus elsewhere. Case Report: We report a case of 63 years old male patient from Rajghat, Morang, Nepal with burning sensation over tongue since 30 days. Microscopic examination revealed epithelioid cell granuloma, caseous necrosis and Langhans giant cell with Acid Fast Bacilli on Ziehl Neelsen staining. Conclusion: Lingual Tuberculosis is a diagnostic dilemma because of its rarity. Hence, we are reporting this case. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8006 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):26-28
Birat Journal of Health Sciences, 2017
Not available.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 148-149
Dermatopathology, May 5, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Health Renaissance, 2013
Inflammatory fibroid polyps are believed to occur in response to local noxious stimuli. They are ... more Inflammatory fibroid polyps are believed to occur in response to local noxious stimuli. They are uncommon benign but well documented solitary polypoid lesions occurring in gastrointestinal tract; most commonly in stomach. A rare entities of two adult intussusceptions due to inflammatory fibroid polyp in ileum has been reported in this article. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 166-168 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8227
Journal of Pathology of Nepal
A digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, which occurs in the finger and toes around the... more A digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, which occurs in the finger and toes around the subungual and periungual region. Histopathologically, it consists of a well-circumscribed unencapsulated dermal tumor composed of spindle and stellate cells in a loose fascicular pattern embedded in a myxocollagenous stroma. We report this rare case of superficial acral fibromyxoma presenting as an asymptomatic subungual mass in the greater toe in a middle age female.
Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as... more Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nepal. It can be prevented if it is diagnosed in early stage. The aim of this study was to analyze cytological findings of cervical papanicolaou (pap) smear. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital during one year period from 13 April 2016 to 12 April 2017. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system in conventional cervical Pap smear. All the cases were reviewed by all the pathologist of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Result: Total cases were 240 in one year period in which 225 cases (93%) were satisfactory for evaluation and 15 cases (6.25%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degenerative cells and hemorrhage. Most common age group in this study was (3140years) 97cases (40.4%). Negative...
Nepal Medical College journal, 2020
More than 50% of the world’s population has at least a thyroid nodule. Detail clinical examinatio... more More than 50% of the world’s population has at least a thyroid nodule. Detail clinical examination and radiology may help in diagnosing thyroid lesions but the management depends upon the cytopathological diagnosis. Optimum use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and better understanding of cytomorphological characteristic of thyroid lesions by using Bethesda system, triaging of patients who are to be treated medically or surgically is more accurate. The objective of this present study is cytopathological evaluation of thyroid lesions based on Bethesda System in patients attending Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The objective was also to correlate the cytological findings with histopathological findings where ever possible. A total of 104 patients with thyroid lesions underwent fine needle aspiration cytology in a period of a year (September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020). Cytological features were evaluated and classified according to the Bethesda system. Histopatho...
Introduction: A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidn... more Introduction: A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. A regular urine test may be done to help for finding the cause of symptoms. The test can give information about our health and problems we may have. Objectives: -To assess the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in school-aged children of Dharan Municipality, Nepal. To provide report of the urine analysis to the students which may help for their further health consciousness? Methods: Cross sectional, purposive sampling study of 200 urine samples of school age children (≤10 years) of different schools was done. Results: 54% and 46% were male and female subjects among which the lowest and highest age was 5 and 10 years respectively. Most common pH finding was 6.0, yellow color followed by straw color and clear white respectively. Highest specific gravity of urine was 1.015(80%) followed by 1.020 (44%). Ketone bodies and bilirubin positivity were found in single sample each. 7% of urin...
Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 2021
INTRODUCTION The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. R... more INTRODUCTION The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic laboratory test for confirming the diagnosis. The complete blood count (CBC) is the laboratory test routinely done in patients suffering from any type of infection. This test provides the information to physicians regarding the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to evaluate and find out whether hematologic parameters are affected in a person suffering from Covid-19 infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a prospective study done from 3rd December 2020 to 3rd February 2021 for a period of two months. All the confirmed patients of corona (COVID-19) with RT-PCR, between days-1 to day-15 of PCR positivity, whose hematological profile was sent to the pathology laboratory department, were studied. The hematologic parameters studied include total white blood cells count (TLC), differential white blood cell count (...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common and can affect any portion of the gastroi... more Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Diseases can just shows clinical conditions like stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea which can be self- limiting. But sometimes disease may be life-threatening like malignancy. Biopsy is necessary for confirmatory diagnosis and further treatment of the patient. So histopathologic examination is a must for all surgical procedures for confirmation and categorization of GI disorders. Objectives: This study was done to find out the various patterns of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with its commonest age group and sex involvement Methodology: This was a prospective study of all the surgically resected GI tissue received in the Department of Pathology Histopathology unit in Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital (BMCTH) from 1st February 2021 to 30 thApril 2021.The hematoxylin and eosin stain slides of the GI tissue received were stud...
Introduction: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare breast malignancy with a slow grow... more Introduction: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare breast malignancy with a slow growth rate and excellent prognosis. Case Series: There were two cases of EPC, one of them was a 60-year-old female presenting with two lumps in the right breast at 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions. A right modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection was done subsequently. On histopathology EPC was diagnosed. The other case was of a 45-year-old female presenting with bloody nipple discharge and a 2-cm subareolar lump. Histopathology revealed features of EPC with invasion into the fibrous capsule. In both cases, there was no associated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes were not involved. Conclusion: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma is a rare breast malignancy with excellent prognosis. In the absence of associated DCIS in the surrounding tissue or areas of infiltrating carcinoma, it has a very favorable prognosis with adequate local therapy alone. Niharika Shah1, Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle2, Punam Paudyal3 Affiliations: 1MD Pathology, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; 2MD Pathology, Fellowship Dermatopathology, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal; 3MD Pathology, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Corresponding Author: Niharika Shah, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, BPKIHS, Ghopa Camp, Dharan, Nepal, 56700; Email: niharika.shah@bpkihs.edu Received: 15 January 2017 Accepted: 07 March 2017 Published: 25 March 2017
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among anemic patients with hemoglob... more Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among anemic patients with hemoglobin <10 gm%, attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 15 May to 15 July 2020 were analyzed for RBC indices and platelet count variation. Demographic data, RBC indices, platelet count variation, and types of anemia were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for correlating the platelet count with RBC indices. A Chi-square test was used to know about the association between the types of anemia and platelet count variation.
Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Health is a fundamental right for which concerned sides should bear the responsibility at the ind... more Health is a fundamental right for which concerned sides should bear the responsibility at the individual, societal, state, and international level. Not only curative but preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services should also be availed in accessible, affordable, and acceptable form. The quest for health becomes more intense during adverse periods like a pandemic. The whole world has witnessed the COVID-19 pandemic, the unprecedented pandemic of this century. This quest is more dismal in developing nations like Nepal when even resource-rich countries are laid down by it. The quest of health demands, hence more during this pandemic, for the bearing of the responsibility by all. Here, we have made an attempt to draw together the general and some specific responsibilities of various direct stakeholders in this pandemic with multifaceted mayhem. We have incorporated here, the responsibilities of the public, COVID and non-COVID patients, media personnel, health science students, p...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correc... more Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correct categorization of varying types of anemia is essential for therapeutic purposes. Various laboratory tests are done to find out its underlying cause, but peripheral smear (PS) study of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology is important along with study of red blood cell indices in the classification of anemia. Objectives: This study was done to evaluate RBC morphology on peripheral smear examination in patients of anemia and to compare these findings with cell counter generated red blood cells indices comprising of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Methodology: Red blood cell morphology on peripheral blood smear was studied in 350 patients of anemia irrespective of age and gender received under six months duration from 1st January 2019 to 30 th June 2019 and findings were compared with cell counter gener...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynaecological problems. Et... more Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynaecological problems. Etiology of AUB may be structural and functional and varies according to age group. Histological pattern of endometrial sampling along with clinical and radiological findings remains the diagnostic standard for clinical diagnosis of endometrial pathology which ultimately helps in deciding the management of the patients. Objectives: To determine histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with AUB attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. To determine the pattern of menstrual abnormality in patients with AUB in different age groups. Methodology: We conducted a prospective hospital based cross sectional study for a period of one year (1 April 2019 to March 31 2020). Histopathological findings of all endometrial biopsy samples in patients with AUB were examined. Patients were categorized into different age groups and the patterns of menstrual abnormality were also d...
Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard me... more Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard method for diagnosis. The presence of eosinophil besides other inflammatory cells like neutrophils and mature lymphocytes within different histological layers of appendectomy specimens are common findings for labeling it under various groups. This finding supports the assumption that appendicitis is triggered by Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Objective: To evaluate the eosinophil count variation in appendectomy specimens in patients with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. Methodology: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 144 appendectomy specimens obtained in Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Socio-demographic data, association of histopathological patterns with age groups, gender and eosinophil count in various histopathological groups was compared and cross-tabulated using SPSS version 16. Result: ...
Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology
Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic... more Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. Poor sanitation and improper management of food and meat products are the major causes for cysticercosis infestation. Case: Two cases of myocysticercosis presented to our hospital differently. A 12 years boy, first case presented with drooping of right eye (RE) upper lid with recurrent swelling, pain, redness with mild headache and intermittent vomiting for 1 and half months. On examination swelling of RE upper lid, mild ptosis, abaxial proptosis with restricted motility in upgaze was noted. Orbital CT (computer tomography) scan and ocular ultrasound reports showed findings suggestive of myocysticercosis of superior rectus muscle of RE. Routine microscopic examination (RME) of stool demonstrated eggs of Taenia. Complete blood count (CBC) showed eosinophilia. As a suspected case of myocysticercosis and since the patient resided at a...