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Papers by selma al-jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal, 2015

ITO/ Si gas sensor was fabricated by an efficient and size – controlled by using DC-Sputtering te... more ITO/ Si gas sensor was fabricated by an efficient and size – controlled by using DC-Sputtering technique suitable for large deposition area and high quality thin films. Structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films were investigated and analyzed extensively under different doping concentration. Structure and surface morphology of ITO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscope. XRD technique that showed these films is polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation of (222),(440),(400) the best orientation plain is (222) It was found that crystalline size decreases with increasing doping concentration. The optical properties of ITO thin films were studied such as transmissions, energy gap The transmittance was measured in the wavelength range from(300nm to 900 nm) for all the films it was highly transparent (greater than 85%). The optical energy band gap was increased with doping concentration in range from (3.9 to 4.15) eV. The electrical properties for ITO thin films include D.C electrical conductivity and Hall effect which shows that the type of films is (n-type), and the film has two activation energies in the rang (305-355)K, and the resistivity increases with doping concentration at 8wt%. The sensitivity toward NH 3, NO 2 gas has been measured.In 2 O 3 doped with (Sn) has higher sensitivity to NH 3 , The sensitivity toward , NO 2 gas has been measured, where In 2 O 3 doped with (Sn) has higher sensitivity to NO 2 than to NH 3 .

Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies

In this work, tin oxide thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis technique, using tin chl... more In this work, tin oxide thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis technique, using tin chloride over sodalime glass. Structural and optical properties were studied under different conditions like substrate temperatures of 300, 350 and 400°C, and annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 hr. The films were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV-VIS analysis. The optical spectra of the films were measured in the wavelength range of 300-900 nm by UV-VIS Spectrometer device. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the films have the orthogonal structure at low substrate temperature change to a tetragonal structure at high substrate temperature. Films prepared with different substrate temperatures were correspond to preferential orientation along the plane (132) and (110) planes for structural orthogonal, tetragonal respectively. The grain size founded(25.2-9.77nm) for different substrate temperatures range (300-400°C) after annealing , from the (SEM) images the grain size values of the SnO 2 thin films are found to be in the range of (32.3-24.2 nm) corresponding to the substrate temperature (350 and 400°C) after annealing and from the AFM the root mean square (RMS) values for the thin film at substrate temperature 350C was found to be 10.4 nm, the surface roughness 8.86 nm. The maximum value of transmittance was found to be 78 % around the wavelength of 900nm at substrate temperatures 300°C also have energy gap (2.9-3.4eV) at substrate temperatures range (300-400°C) after annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 hr.

A ZnS nanoparticle was prepared using hydrothermal interaction of zinc acetate with Thiourea in d... more A ZnS nanoparticle was prepared using hydrothermal interaction of zinc acetate with Thiourea in different reaction temperatures (170 o C, 180 o C, 185 o C, 190 o C). The structural characterization of synthesized nanoparticle was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed a hexagonal structural of ZnS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis were confirmed that the morphology and elemental analysis was formed ZnS nanoparticle. Absorption study has been carried out using UV-VIS spectrophotometer to determine the band gap of ZnS nanoparticle. The optical energy band gap was changed at values equal to (4.16, 4.46, 4.1 and 4.35eV) with different hydrothermal temperatures at (170 o C, 180 o C, 185 o C and 190 o C) respectively. However, these values of energy gaps for ZnS nanoparticles are blue shift and larger than that bulk value due to quantum confinement. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) is recorded in an FTIR spectrometer to ...

In this work, studying the structural and optical Nano crystalline SnO 2 thin films grown on clea... more In this work, studying the structural and optical Nano crystalline SnO 2 thin films grown on cleaned glass substrates by using sol-gel (dip coating) technique. It is worthy to say that the thickness of the deposited film was of the order of (300-400)nm. The films are annealed in air at , 300 • C, 400 • C and 500 • C temperatures for 60 minutes. The films that are analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , atomic force microscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy technique. The size of crystalline was observed, as well as, so as to increase with increasing annealing temperature. XRD analysis reveals that the whole films are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure with preferred orientation of (110),(101),(200) and (211). The increase of annealing temperature leads to raise the diffraction peaks and decrease of FWHM. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the average grain size was increase with t...

Keywords In this paper, CdS/Si hetrojunction solar cell has been made by Chemical Bath Deposition... more Keywords In this paper, CdS/Si hetrojunction solar cell has been made by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) of CdS thin film on to monocrystalline silicon substrate. XRD measurements approved that CdS film is changing the structure of CdS films from mixed hexagonal and cubic phase to the hexagonal phase with [101] predominant orientation. I-V characterization of the hetrojunction shows good rectification, with high spectral responsivity of 0.41 A/W, quantum efficiency 90%,and specific detectivity 2.9*1014 cmHz1/2W-1. ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ : ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ CdS/Si ‫ﻻﻏ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﺗﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮرة‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎدﻣﯿﻮم‬. ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎھﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎدﻣﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﻏﺸﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮري‬ [101]. ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫و‬-‫ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ...

Titanium doxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method ... more Titanium doxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride as precursor solution. Thin films were deposited at temperature substrate 350 •C and annealed at 550 •C in air for 120 min. Polycrystalline thin films with anatas crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern. Optical study shows the optical band gap has been increased with increasing of dopant. Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity and Hall measurement. The sensitivity of TiO 2 : 5% Cr to NH3 gas with concentration 5ppm at room temperature has been modified to (93) % as compared with a pure TiO2.

In this paper, we reported the study of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin film which have been deposited on glas... more In this paper, we reported the study of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin film which have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique by using Cadmium sulphate, Zinc sulphate, thiourea, Ammonia and EDTA. The thickness of Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S thin films with different deposition times, pH, and temperature are also study and show increase with increasing times pH, and temperature. The optimum condition to prepared Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S thin films were obtained in times 3h, temperature 80 ºC, and pH 10. Structure and surface morphology of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Measurements. The XRD indicates that all the grown films show only one diffraction peak located at (2θ= 26.7 °) with hexagonal structure in predominant (002). The average grain size changes from 9.3nm to 4.48nm with the increase in zinc content (x = 0 to 0.65). It was found that as the zinc content incr...

The present work demonstrates the electrical transport and photo response properties of nano PbS ... more The present work demonstrates the electrical transport and photo response properties of nano PbS / n-Si hetero junction grown by chemical bath deposition. Polycrystalline nature of nanostructured PbS is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction. XRD measurements show that these nano films have sharp peaks at 2θ=30 o indicating a preferred orientation along (200) plane, with grain size increase with deposition time. The electrical transport properties of the device were studied at room temperature. The diode shows good ideality factor and rectifying behavior with an on/off ratio change with deposition time. Experimental data showed that the responsivity cutoff point corresponds to the absorption edge of the siliconsubstrate, and films photosensitivity depends on the film thickness

International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials

In this study unreinforced and reinforced samples with uncoated and coated woven carbon fibres (W... more In this study unreinforced and reinforced samples with uncoated and coated woven carbon fibres (WCF) with alumina (Al2O3) and tri calcium phosphate (TCP) powders were incorporated into heat polymerised polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin in addition to poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with 0.02 and 0.09 weight fraction (wi). Impact, flexural strength and water absorption of layered denture base resin have been studied. Surface morphology of the coating layers has been examined by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the toxicity of reinforcing materials were also investigated in human blood cells. Uncoated WCF sample showed high impact and flexural strength, but it still exhibits poor aesthetic. A significant increase of the impact strength values was observed in the coated specimens, in expense of flexural strength. The effect of TCP on PMMA resin was higher than when using alumina particles. Aesthetic, impact and flexural strength have improved together when PVA increased.

In this work CdO films were prepared by using chemical bath deposition, which is a simple and ine... more In this work CdO films were prepared by using chemical bath deposition, which is a simple and inexpensive technique suitable for large deposition area. Many growth parameters have been considered in this work to specify the optimum condition, namely (deposition temperature, and pH value). Structure and electrical properties of CdO films are investigated and analyzed extensively with respect to growth conditions. The high conductivity and high visible transmission (> 80%) make the films suitable for use in the transparent electrodes. Key ward: chemical bath deposition, temperature of solution and pH effect, CdO films, Structure, optical, and electrical properties

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology, 2021

In this research, raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNT) was successfully functionalized usin... more In this research, raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNT) was successfully functionalized using sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Then a hybrid (ZnO-MWCNT) synthesized by the sol-gel method where diethylene glycol was used as a solvent and stabilizer that works to prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles and reduces the viscosity of the solution. A group of diagnostic techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis, EDX and microscopy has recognized the structural and optical properties of the prepared nanoparticles. High Resolution Electronic Scanner (FE-SEM) was also used in the investigation. FE-SEM images showed the formation of the hybrid (ZnO-MWCNT) by the growth of spherical clusters on the surface of the cross-linked tubes (MWCNT). In addition, FE-SEM images confirmed the success of a ZnO-MWCNT hybrid. The emergence of spherical shapes deposited on cylindrical tubes and associated with a wrinkled surface was recognized. In addition, the particle size ratio increased. The UV-Vis spectra revealed that all the composites had good absorbency with a shift towards short wavelengths. While it was observed from the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure due to zinc oxide with a polycrystalline nature. The average crystal size calculated from the Debye-spark equation increased with the increase in the concentration of the streaked material. Antibacterial activity was studied for all prepared samples against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at different μg/ml concentrations (500, 750, and 1000). It was observed that the highest inhibition Zone for functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNT) and ZnO-MWCNT hybrid was (17.3, 12.3mm), (22.5, 19mm) for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology, 2021

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin films of CdS : Zn prepared by the solution... more Structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin films of CdS : Zn prepared by the solution – growth technique are reported as a function of zinc concentration. CdS are window layers influencing the photovoltaic response of CIS solar cells. The zinc doping concentration was varied from 0.05 to 0.5 wt %, zinc doping apparently increase the band gap and lowers the resistivity. All beneficial optical properties of chemically deposited CdS thin films for application as window material in heterojunction optoelectronic devices are retained. Heat treatment in air at 400 ° C for 1h modify crystalline structure, optical, and electrical properties of solution growth deposited CdS : Zn films.

Nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Depositio... more Nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique using lead acetate ,KoH, thiourea and T.E.A. The films were btained in a reaction bath at times of (15 ,30 ,45 ,60 and 90)min. Structure and surface morphology of thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD indicates that the films have cubic structure. The crystallite size of the films were found to vary from (4.9 to 11.3 nm).The band gaps of the nanocrystalline PbS were determined from UV-Vis spectrophotometer and were found to be in the range( 1.72 -2.4 eV).

Engineering and Technology Journal, 2014

Titanium doxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method u... more Titanium doxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride as precursor solution. Thin films were deposited at temperature substrate 350 ◦C and annealed at 550 ◦C in air for 120 min. Polycrystalline thin films with anatas crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern. Optical study shows the optical band gap has been increased with increasing of dopant. Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity and Hall measurement. The sensitivity of TiO2: 5% Cr to NH3 gas with concentration 5ppm at room temperature has been modified to (93) % as compared with a pure TiO2.

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

ABSTRACT Small-sized gold nanoparticles (∼3nm) coated with Glutathione (GSH) ligand have designed... more ABSTRACT Small-sized gold nanoparticles (∼3nm) coated with Glutathione (GSH) ligand have designed as an active agent in photothermal therapy (PTT). GSH is pH-sensitive surface that have a fast response property to the variation in pH conditions, especially between normal (∼7.4) and cancer cell (6–6.5), that help the evaluation of the target and toxic effect of the cancer rather than normal cells. Results revealed considerable toxic effects of GSH-AuNPs accumulation in cancer cells for both green and NIR laser irradiation. The GSH-AuNPs represent promising agents for developing the safety issues of photothermal cancer treatment by; the selective targeting of the cancer rather than normal cells, reducing the NPs toxicity by their size overlapping with the renal clearance barrier of kidney filtration (~5.5 nm), and promoting the photothermal performance in the NIR region, in which light penetration into deep cancer regions are more interested.

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

An attempt has been made to examine the Cd 2+ source concentration effect in the structural, morp... more An attempt has been made to examine the Cd 2+ source concentration effect in the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and dark current features of CdS films. The nano films have been successfully carried out onto glass substrates by hydrothermal technique at 130 °C for 1 h. Cadmium sulfate salt was used as a source of Cd precursor with various concentrations 0.08, 0.12, 0.14, and 0.2 M. The polycrystalline nature with a mix of cubic and hexagonal system of CdS films structure with the discriminatory orientation of H(002)/C(111) was identified by X-ray diffraction studies. Further, the Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis has revealed a unique morphology as strings-like and flower-like nanostructures. It was clearly observed the existence of CdS nanograins as building units with an average grain size of 24 nm and 15 nm of 0.08 M and 0.12 M CdS thin films, respectively. The computed optical band gap was found in the values range of 2.1–2.3 eV. The Electrical analysis revealed that variation in CdSO 4 molarity reduced the electrical resistivity from 2.1 × 10 8 to 3 × 10 6 (Ω.cm). Photoconductivity studies showed that the best ratio of the photocurrent to the dark current ratio I ph /I d was 2 × 10 4 for CdS that was prepared with 0.12 M. The Photoconductivity properties of these films have been presented to show that such films can be useful for photodetector device applications. CdS films have been synthesized with different Cd salt concentrations that range from 0.08 M to 0.2 M by using simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal method. In this research, for the first time the effects of CdSO 4 concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of CdS films have been investigated. This work presents a study of the optoelectronic properties of the CdS film. To our knowledge, there is no report of the optoelectronic properties of the CdS film deposited via hydrothermal method.

Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society

In this work, un-doped and Ni-doped titanium dioxide nanorod (TiO 2 NR) arrays were synthesized b... more In this work, un-doped and Ni-doped titanium dioxide nanorod (TiO 2 NR) arrays were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method in a Teflon-lined autoclave, on a fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate, at different Ni content (X Ni = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The grown nanorod array samples were studied by XRD, FESEM, DC conductivity, Hall effect measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Pure rutile phase with preferred orientation along (002) was noticed, indicating that the vertical growth of nanorods for the un-doped sample converts to the (101) direction with increasing doping content. The sharp (002) peaks compared with the broad behavior for other peaks indicate the longitudinal growth along this direction. The lattice constant (a), for tetragonal structure, increased with increasing Ni content, while small increment showed along the (c) direction. Uniformly distributed nanorod arrays with 2000-nm length and 200-nm diameter for the un-doped sample. The nanorod length decreases and their diameters increase with increasing Ni doping content. All the prepared samples showed that they behave like n-type semiconductors with a high carrier concentration and this can be attributed to the present of oxygen vacancies. DC conductivity increases due to increasing carrier concentration, while the charge carriers’ mobility decreases with increasing doping content from 0 to 0.1. Increasing Ni content enhances the TiO 2 NR magnetic properties, where the residual magnetization increased from 0.0001 to 0.0058 emu/g, while the saturation magnetization increased from 0.0304 to 0.2652 emu/g with increasing Ni content from 0 to 0.1.

Engineering and Technology Journal, 2015

ITO/ Si gas sensor was fabricated by an efficient and size – controlled by using DC-Sputtering te... more ITO/ Si gas sensor was fabricated by an efficient and size – controlled by using DC-Sputtering technique suitable for large deposition area and high quality thin films. Structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films were investigated and analyzed extensively under different doping concentration. Structure and surface morphology of ITO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscope. XRD technique that showed these films is polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation of (222),(440),(400) the best orientation plain is (222) It was found that crystalline size decreases with increasing doping concentration. The optical properties of ITO thin films were studied such as transmissions, energy gap The transmittance was measured in the wavelength range from(300nm to 900 nm) for all the films it was highly transparent (greater than 85%). The optical energy band gap was increased with doping concentration in range from (3.9 to 4.15) eV. The electrical properties for ITO thin films include D.C electrical conductivity and Hall effect which shows that the type of films is (n-type), and the film has two activation energies in the rang (305-355)K, and the resistivity increases with doping concentration at 8wt%. The sensitivity toward NH 3, NO 2 gas has been measured.In 2 O 3 doped with (Sn) has higher sensitivity to NH 3 , The sensitivity toward , NO 2 gas has been measured, where In 2 O 3 doped with (Sn) has higher sensitivity to NO 2 than to NH 3 .

Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies

In this work, tin oxide thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis technique, using tin chl... more In this work, tin oxide thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis technique, using tin chloride over sodalime glass. Structural and optical properties were studied under different conditions like substrate temperatures of 300, 350 and 400°C, and annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 hr. The films were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV-VIS analysis. The optical spectra of the films were measured in the wavelength range of 300-900 nm by UV-VIS Spectrometer device. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the films have the orthogonal structure at low substrate temperature change to a tetragonal structure at high substrate temperature. Films prepared with different substrate temperatures were correspond to preferential orientation along the plane (132) and (110) planes for structural orthogonal, tetragonal respectively. The grain size founded(25.2-9.77nm) for different substrate temperatures range (300-400°C) after annealing , from the (SEM) images the grain size values of the SnO 2 thin films are found to be in the range of (32.3-24.2 nm) corresponding to the substrate temperature (350 and 400°C) after annealing and from the AFM the root mean square (RMS) values for the thin film at substrate temperature 350C was found to be 10.4 nm, the surface roughness 8.86 nm. The maximum value of transmittance was found to be 78 % around the wavelength of 900nm at substrate temperatures 300°C also have energy gap (2.9-3.4eV) at substrate temperatures range (300-400°C) after annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 hr.

A ZnS nanoparticle was prepared using hydrothermal interaction of zinc acetate with Thiourea in d... more A ZnS nanoparticle was prepared using hydrothermal interaction of zinc acetate with Thiourea in different reaction temperatures (170 o C, 180 o C, 185 o C, 190 o C). The structural characterization of synthesized nanoparticle was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed a hexagonal structural of ZnS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis were confirmed that the morphology and elemental analysis was formed ZnS nanoparticle. Absorption study has been carried out using UV-VIS spectrophotometer to determine the band gap of ZnS nanoparticle. The optical energy band gap was changed at values equal to (4.16, 4.46, 4.1 and 4.35eV) with different hydrothermal temperatures at (170 o C, 180 o C, 185 o C and 190 o C) respectively. However, these values of energy gaps for ZnS nanoparticles are blue shift and larger than that bulk value due to quantum confinement. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) is recorded in an FTIR spectrometer to ...

In this work, studying the structural and optical Nano crystalline SnO 2 thin films grown on clea... more In this work, studying the structural and optical Nano crystalline SnO 2 thin films grown on cleaned glass substrates by using sol-gel (dip coating) technique. It is worthy to say that the thickness of the deposited film was of the order of (300-400)nm. The films are annealed in air at , 300 • C, 400 • C and 500 • C temperatures for 60 minutes. The films that are analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , atomic force microscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy technique. The size of crystalline was observed, as well as, so as to increase with increasing annealing temperature. XRD analysis reveals that the whole films are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure with preferred orientation of (110),(101),(200) and (211). The increase of annealing temperature leads to raise the diffraction peaks and decrease of FWHM. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the average grain size was increase with t...

Keywords In this paper, CdS/Si hetrojunction solar cell has been made by Chemical Bath Deposition... more Keywords In this paper, CdS/Si hetrojunction solar cell has been made by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) of CdS thin film on to monocrystalline silicon substrate. XRD measurements approved that CdS film is changing the structure of CdS films from mixed hexagonal and cubic phase to the hexagonal phase with [101] predominant orientation. I-V characterization of the hetrojunction shows good rectification, with high spectral responsivity of 0.41 A/W, quantum efficiency 90%,and specific detectivity 2.9*1014 cmHz1/2W-1. ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ : ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ CdS/Si ‫ﻻﻏ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﺗﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮرة‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎدﻣﯿﻮم‬. ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎھﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺪاﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎدﻣﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﻏﺸﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮري‬ [101]. ‫ﺗﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫اظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫و‬-‫ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ...

Titanium doxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method ... more Titanium doxide (TiO 2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride as precursor solution. Thin films were deposited at temperature substrate 350 •C and annealed at 550 •C in air for 120 min. Polycrystalline thin films with anatas crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern. Optical study shows the optical band gap has been increased with increasing of dopant. Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity and Hall measurement. The sensitivity of TiO 2 : 5% Cr to NH3 gas with concentration 5ppm at room temperature has been modified to (93) % as compared with a pure TiO2.

In this paper, we reported the study of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin film which have been deposited on glas... more In this paper, we reported the study of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin film which have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique by using Cadmium sulphate, Zinc sulphate, thiourea, Ammonia and EDTA. The thickness of Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S thin films with different deposition times, pH, and temperature are also study and show increase with increasing times pH, and temperature. The optimum condition to prepared Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S thin films were obtained in times 3h, temperature 80 ºC, and pH 10. Structure and surface morphology of Cd 1-x Zn x S thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Measurements. The XRD indicates that all the grown films show only one diffraction peak located at (2θ= 26.7 °) with hexagonal structure in predominant (002). The average grain size changes from 9.3nm to 4.48nm with the increase in zinc content (x = 0 to 0.65). It was found that as the zinc content incr...

The present work demonstrates the electrical transport and photo response properties of nano PbS ... more The present work demonstrates the electrical transport and photo response properties of nano PbS / n-Si hetero junction grown by chemical bath deposition. Polycrystalline nature of nanostructured PbS is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction. XRD measurements show that these nano films have sharp peaks at 2θ=30 o indicating a preferred orientation along (200) plane, with grain size increase with deposition time. The electrical transport properties of the device were studied at room temperature. The diode shows good ideality factor and rectifying behavior with an on/off ratio change with deposition time. Experimental data showed that the responsivity cutoff point corresponds to the absorption edge of the siliconsubstrate, and films photosensitivity depends on the film thickness

International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials

In this study unreinforced and reinforced samples with uncoated and coated woven carbon fibres (W... more In this study unreinforced and reinforced samples with uncoated and coated woven carbon fibres (WCF) with alumina (Al2O3) and tri calcium phosphate (TCP) powders were incorporated into heat polymerised polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin in addition to poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with 0.02 and 0.09 weight fraction (wi). Impact, flexural strength and water absorption of layered denture base resin have been studied. Surface morphology of the coating layers has been examined by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the toxicity of reinforcing materials were also investigated in human blood cells. Uncoated WCF sample showed high impact and flexural strength, but it still exhibits poor aesthetic. A significant increase of the impact strength values was observed in the coated specimens, in expense of flexural strength. The effect of TCP on PMMA resin was higher than when using alumina particles. Aesthetic, impact and flexural strength have improved together when PVA increased.

In this work CdO films were prepared by using chemical bath deposition, which is a simple and ine... more In this work CdO films were prepared by using chemical bath deposition, which is a simple and inexpensive technique suitable for large deposition area. Many growth parameters have been considered in this work to specify the optimum condition, namely (deposition temperature, and pH value). Structure and electrical properties of CdO films are investigated and analyzed extensively with respect to growth conditions. The high conductivity and high visible transmission (> 80%) make the films suitable for use in the transparent electrodes. Key ward: chemical bath deposition, temperature of solution and pH effect, CdO films, Structure, optical, and electrical properties

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology, 2021

In this research, raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNT) was successfully functionalized usin... more In this research, raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (R-MWCNT) was successfully functionalized using sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Then a hybrid (ZnO-MWCNT) synthesized by the sol-gel method where diethylene glycol was used as a solvent and stabilizer that works to prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles and reduces the viscosity of the solution. A group of diagnostic techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis, EDX and microscopy has recognized the structural and optical properties of the prepared nanoparticles. High Resolution Electronic Scanner (FE-SEM) was also used in the investigation. FE-SEM images showed the formation of the hybrid (ZnO-MWCNT) by the growth of spherical clusters on the surface of the cross-linked tubes (MWCNT). In addition, FE-SEM images confirmed the success of a ZnO-MWCNT hybrid. The emergence of spherical shapes deposited on cylindrical tubes and associated with a wrinkled surface was recognized. In addition, the particle size ratio increased. The UV-Vis spectra revealed that all the composites had good absorbency with a shift towards short wavelengths. While it was observed from the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure due to zinc oxide with a polycrystalline nature. The average crystal size calculated from the Debye-spark equation increased with the increase in the concentration of the streaked material. Antibacterial activity was studied for all prepared samples against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at different μg/ml concentrations (500, 750, and 1000). It was observed that the highest inhibition Zone for functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNT) and ZnO-MWCNT hybrid was (17.3, 12.3mm), (22.5, 19mm) for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology, 2021

Structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin films of CdS : Zn prepared by the solution... more Structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin films of CdS : Zn prepared by the solution – growth technique are reported as a function of zinc concentration. CdS are window layers influencing the photovoltaic response of CIS solar cells. The zinc doping concentration was varied from 0.05 to 0.5 wt %, zinc doping apparently increase the band gap and lowers the resistivity. All beneficial optical properties of chemically deposited CdS thin films for application as window material in heterojunction optoelectronic devices are retained. Heat treatment in air at 400 ° C for 1h modify crystalline structure, optical, and electrical properties of solution growth deposited CdS : Zn films.

Nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Depositio... more Nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique using lead acetate ,KoH, thiourea and T.E.A. The films were btained in a reaction bath at times of (15 ,30 ,45 ,60 and 90)min. Structure and surface morphology of thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD indicates that the films have cubic structure. The crystallite size of the films were found to vary from (4.9 to 11.3 nm).The band gaps of the nanocrystalline PbS were determined from UV-Vis spectrophotometer and were found to be in the range( 1.72 -2.4 eV).

Engineering and Technology Journal, 2014

Titanium doxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method u... more Titanium doxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by spray pyrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride as precursor solution. Thin films were deposited at temperature substrate 350 ◦C and annealed at 550 ◦C in air for 120 min. Polycrystalline thin films with anatas crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern. Optical study shows the optical band gap has been increased with increasing of dopant. Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity and Hall measurement. The sensitivity of TiO2: 5% Cr to NH3 gas with concentration 5ppm at room temperature has been modified to (93) % as compared with a pure TiO2.

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

ABSTRACT Small-sized gold nanoparticles (∼3nm) coated with Glutathione (GSH) ligand have designed... more ABSTRACT Small-sized gold nanoparticles (∼3nm) coated with Glutathione (GSH) ligand have designed as an active agent in photothermal therapy (PTT). GSH is pH-sensitive surface that have a fast response property to the variation in pH conditions, especially between normal (∼7.4) and cancer cell (6–6.5), that help the evaluation of the target and toxic effect of the cancer rather than normal cells. Results revealed considerable toxic effects of GSH-AuNPs accumulation in cancer cells for both green and NIR laser irradiation. The GSH-AuNPs represent promising agents for developing the safety issues of photothermal cancer treatment by; the selective targeting of the cancer rather than normal cells, reducing the NPs toxicity by their size overlapping with the renal clearance barrier of kidney filtration (~5.5 nm), and promoting the photothermal performance in the NIR region, in which light penetration into deep cancer regions are more interested.

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

An attempt has been made to examine the Cd 2+ source concentration effect in the structural, morp... more An attempt has been made to examine the Cd 2+ source concentration effect in the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and dark current features of CdS films. The nano films have been successfully carried out onto glass substrates by hydrothermal technique at 130 °C for 1 h. Cadmium sulfate salt was used as a source of Cd precursor with various concentrations 0.08, 0.12, 0.14, and 0.2 M. The polycrystalline nature with a mix of cubic and hexagonal system of CdS films structure with the discriminatory orientation of H(002)/C(111) was identified by X-ray diffraction studies. Further, the Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis has revealed a unique morphology as strings-like and flower-like nanostructures. It was clearly observed the existence of CdS nanograins as building units with an average grain size of 24 nm and 15 nm of 0.08 M and 0.12 M CdS thin films, respectively. The computed optical band gap was found in the values range of 2.1–2.3 eV. The Electrical analysis revealed that variation in CdSO 4 molarity reduced the electrical resistivity from 2.1 × 10 8 to 3 × 10 6 (Ω.cm). Photoconductivity studies showed that the best ratio of the photocurrent to the dark current ratio I ph /I d was 2 × 10 4 for CdS that was prepared with 0.12 M. The Photoconductivity properties of these films have been presented to show that such films can be useful for photodetector device applications. CdS films have been synthesized with different Cd salt concentrations that range from 0.08 M to 0.2 M by using simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal method. In this research, for the first time the effects of CdSO 4 concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of CdS films have been investigated. This work presents a study of the optoelectronic properties of the CdS film. To our knowledge, there is no report of the optoelectronic properties of the CdS film deposited via hydrothermal method.

Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society

In this work, un-doped and Ni-doped titanium dioxide nanorod (TiO 2 NR) arrays were synthesized b... more In this work, un-doped and Ni-doped titanium dioxide nanorod (TiO 2 NR) arrays were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method in a Teflon-lined autoclave, on a fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate, at different Ni content (X Ni = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The grown nanorod array samples were studied by XRD, FESEM, DC conductivity, Hall effect measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Pure rutile phase with preferred orientation along (002) was noticed, indicating that the vertical growth of nanorods for the un-doped sample converts to the (101) direction with increasing doping content. The sharp (002) peaks compared with the broad behavior for other peaks indicate the longitudinal growth along this direction. The lattice constant (a), for tetragonal structure, increased with increasing Ni content, while small increment showed along the (c) direction. Uniformly distributed nanorod arrays with 2000-nm length and 200-nm diameter for the un-doped sample. The nanorod length decreases and their diameters increase with increasing Ni doping content. All the prepared samples showed that they behave like n-type semiconductors with a high carrier concentration and this can be attributed to the present of oxygen vacancies. DC conductivity increases due to increasing carrier concentration, while the charge carriers’ mobility decreases with increasing doping content from 0 to 0.1. Increasing Ni content enhances the TiO 2 NR magnetic properties, where the residual magnetization increased from 0.0001 to 0.0058 emu/g, while the saturation magnetization increased from 0.0304 to 0.2652 emu/g with increasing Ni content from 0 to 0.1.