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Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Deletion of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters Emotional Behavior and Serotonergic Transmission in the Dorsal Raphe, Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampus

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Short-term effects of melatonin and pinealectomy on serotonergic neuronal activity across the light–dark cycle

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2012

Melatonin (MLT) and serotonin (5-HT) are two biosynthetically related compounds implicated in sev... more Melatonin (MLT) and serotonin (5-HT) are two biosynthetically related compounds implicated in several common physiological functions and the etiology of mood disorders. How they interact, though, is not yet fully understood. In this study, single-unit extracellular recordings were used to monitor dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) 5-HT neuronal activity in anesthetized rats, under basal conditions (CTRL), in response to MLT administration, and after pinealectomy (PX) across the light-dark cycle. Under basal conditions, the number of spontaneously active 5-HT neurons and their firing rate were both significantly lower in the dark phase. In the light phase, administration of MLT at low doses (0.5-1 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased 5-HT firing activity. This inhibitory effect of MLT was completely blocked by the MT 1 /MT 2 receptor antagonist luzindole, but not by the selective MT 2 receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT, the selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY100635, or by the a 2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan. In the opposite experiment, PX increased 5-HT firing activity in the dark phase, and this was reversed by MLT administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Finally, in a forced swim test, MLT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased immobility time and decreased swimming behavior. Together, these results suggest that nocturnal MLT secretion imposes tonic inhibitory control over a sub-population of DR 5-HT neurons. This MLT-induced decrease in 5-HT neurotransmission may represent a biological mechanism underlying mood disorders characterized by increased MLT secretion, such as seasonal affective disorder.

Research paper thumbnail of On the Automatic Creation of Customized Video Content

Creating new multimedia content is normally a task out of the reach of automatic tools. The excep... more Creating new multimedia content is normally a task out of the reach of automatic tools. The exception is the creation of video summaries, using an existing video as source. In this paper, a tool for creating new video content to fit a determinate purpose is introduced. It uses a Mpeg-7 database of video descriptors and annotations to select the segments that best fit that purpose. The required descriptors can be automatically extracted, but additional manual annotations can be included to pre-filter the database using application domain knowledge. The tool is able to use segments from several videos and automates all the creation process, following the parameters defined by a supervisor in a program specification document. This document provides enough flexibility to customize the new program to whatever purpose is intended, with parameters to set low level features (color, motion,...) as well as production related parameters.

Research paper thumbnail of On the Use of Entropy Series for Fade Detection

Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last dec... more Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last decade. Such interest is motivated by the fact that segmentation of a video stream is the first step towards video content analysis and content-based video browsing and retrieval. In this paper, we present a new algorithm mainly focused on the detection of fades using a non-common feature in previous work: entropy, a scalar representation of the amount of information conveyed by each video frame. A survey of the properties of this feature is first provided, where authors show that the pattern this series exhibits when fades occur is clear and consistent. It does not depend on the monochrome color used to fade and, in addition, it is able to deal with on-screen text that sometimes remain in the monochrome stage. A statistical model-based algorithm to detect fades is proposed. Due to the clear pattern shown by fades in the entropy series and the accurate mathematical model used, motion and illumination changes do not severely affect precision as it normally happens with algorithms dealing with the detection of gradual transitions.

Research paper thumbnail of Network-aware identification of video clip fragments

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a visual hash-based video identi-fication system able to work ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a visual hash-based video identi-fication system able to work under variable video encoding conditions, a common scenario in network-aware applica-tions, and specifically targeted to the detection of partial appearances of videos. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Entropy-Based Fade Modeling and Detection

Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 2007

Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last dec... more Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last decade. Such interest is motivated by the fact that segmenting a video stream is the first step towards video content analysis and content-based video browsing and retrieval. In this paper, we present a new algorithm mainly focused on the detection of fades by using of a non-common feature in previous work: entropy, a scalar representation of the amount of information of each video frame. A survey of the properties of this feature is first provided where authors show that the pattern this series exhibits when fades occur is clear and consistent. It does not depend on the monochrome color used to fade and, besides, it is able to deal with on-screen texts remaining in the monochrome stage of them. A statistical model based algorithm to detect fades is proposed. Due to the clear pattern shown by fades in the entropy series and the accurate mathematical model used, motion and illumination changes do not severely affect precision as it normally happens with algorithms dealing with the detection of gradual transitions.

Research paper thumbnail of Personalized Content Preparation and Delivery for Universal Multimedia Access

This paper introduces a personalized content preparation and delivery framework for universal mul... more This paper introduces a personalized content preparation and delivery framework for universal multimedia access. This framework has a wealth of potential applications in broadcasting, the World Wide Web and mobile telecommunication. Content preparation deals with the generation of summaries by automatic video analysis techniques, and with the annotation of content using MPEG-7 for search and retrieval and SMIL for interactive video. The use of open standards favors interoperability with third-party applications and upcoming hardware. Content delivery handles individual user preferences, content selection, real-time content adaptation and streaming in a seamless way. The proposed framework has been implemented in the ECfunded R&D project PERSEO and tested by selected groups of end-users. Personalization, video summaries and the overall usability have been positively evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Video Retrieval Using an EDL-Based Timeline

In creating a new multimedia asset, specially a video, some decisions have to be made: a selectio... more In creating a new multimedia asset, specially a video, some decisions have to be made: a selection of the portions of the original footage that might be included, how to order them, how to crop each portion in order to reach the desired length and how to stitch all these pieces together. All these decisions constitute the core of the so called Editing Decision List, where all these actions are stored for the record. In this paper the authors show that the list of editing decisions can be used as the basis for indexing and retrieving videos from a database; more specifically, we show that a timeline created from the EDL is a valid and sufficient descriptor for identifying a video among a huge population, assuming a minimum duration. We demonstrate, as well, that this descriptor has a very good behavior in terms of robustness given different bit and frame rates, sizes and re-encoding processes. Indexing and retrieval using this descriptor is tested in a IPMP application for TV broadcasting.

Research paper thumbnail of ENSAYO YISUS

Expresión de lo que se quiere a través del modelo del lenguaje.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Deletion of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters Emotional Behavior and Serotonergic Transmission in the Dorsal Raphe, Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampus

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Short-term effects of melatonin and pinealectomy on serotonergic neuronal activity across the light–dark cycle

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2012

Melatonin (MLT) and serotonin (5-HT) are two biosynthetically related compounds implicated in sev... more Melatonin (MLT) and serotonin (5-HT) are two biosynthetically related compounds implicated in several common physiological functions and the etiology of mood disorders. How they interact, though, is not yet fully understood. In this study, single-unit extracellular recordings were used to monitor dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) 5-HT neuronal activity in anesthetized rats, under basal conditions (CTRL), in response to MLT administration, and after pinealectomy (PX) across the light-dark cycle. Under basal conditions, the number of spontaneously active 5-HT neurons and their firing rate were both significantly lower in the dark phase. In the light phase, administration of MLT at low doses (0.5-1 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased 5-HT firing activity. This inhibitory effect of MLT was completely blocked by the MT 1 /MT 2 receptor antagonist luzindole, but not by the selective MT 2 receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT, the selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY100635, or by the a 2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan. In the opposite experiment, PX increased 5-HT firing activity in the dark phase, and this was reversed by MLT administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Finally, in a forced swim test, MLT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased immobility time and decreased swimming behavior. Together, these results suggest that nocturnal MLT secretion imposes tonic inhibitory control over a sub-population of DR 5-HT neurons. This MLT-induced decrease in 5-HT neurotransmission may represent a biological mechanism underlying mood disorders characterized by increased MLT secretion, such as seasonal affective disorder.

Research paper thumbnail of On the Automatic Creation of Customized Video Content

Creating new multimedia content is normally a task out of the reach of automatic tools. The excep... more Creating new multimedia content is normally a task out of the reach of automatic tools. The exception is the creation of video summaries, using an existing video as source. In this paper, a tool for creating new video content to fit a determinate purpose is introduced. It uses a Mpeg-7 database of video descriptors and annotations to select the segments that best fit that purpose. The required descriptors can be automatically extracted, but additional manual annotations can be included to pre-filter the database using application domain knowledge. The tool is able to use segments from several videos and automates all the creation process, following the parameters defined by a supervisor in a program specification document. This document provides enough flexibility to customize the new program to whatever purpose is intended, with parameters to set low level features (color, motion,...) as well as production related parameters.

Research paper thumbnail of On the Use of Entropy Series for Fade Detection

Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last dec... more Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last decade. Such interest is motivated by the fact that segmentation of a video stream is the first step towards video content analysis and content-based video browsing and retrieval. In this paper, we present a new algorithm mainly focused on the detection of fades using a non-common feature in previous work: entropy, a scalar representation of the amount of information conveyed by each video frame. A survey of the properties of this feature is first provided, where authors show that the pattern this series exhibits when fades occur is clear and consistent. It does not depend on the monochrome color used to fade and, in addition, it is able to deal with on-screen text that sometimes remain in the monochrome stage. A statistical model-based algorithm to detect fades is proposed. Due to the clear pattern shown by fades in the entropy series and the accurate mathematical model used, motion and illumination changes do not severely affect precision as it normally happens with algorithms dealing with the detection of gradual transitions.

Research paper thumbnail of Network-aware identification of video clip fragments

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a visual hash-based video identi-fication system able to work ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a visual hash-based video identi-fication system able to work under variable video encoding conditions, a common scenario in network-aware applica-tions, and specifically targeted to the detection of partial appearances of videos. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Entropy-Based Fade Modeling and Detection

Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 2007

Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last dec... more Accurate shot boundary detection techniques have been an important research topic in the last decade. Such interest is motivated by the fact that segmenting a video stream is the first step towards video content analysis and content-based video browsing and retrieval. In this paper, we present a new algorithm mainly focused on the detection of fades by using of a non-common feature in previous work: entropy, a scalar representation of the amount of information of each video frame. A survey of the properties of this feature is first provided where authors show that the pattern this series exhibits when fades occur is clear and consistent. It does not depend on the monochrome color used to fade and, besides, it is able to deal with on-screen texts remaining in the monochrome stage of them. A statistical model based algorithm to detect fades is proposed. Due to the clear pattern shown by fades in the entropy series and the accurate mathematical model used, motion and illumination changes do not severely affect precision as it normally happens with algorithms dealing with the detection of gradual transitions.

Research paper thumbnail of Personalized Content Preparation and Delivery for Universal Multimedia Access

This paper introduces a personalized content preparation and delivery framework for universal mul... more This paper introduces a personalized content preparation and delivery framework for universal multimedia access. This framework has a wealth of potential applications in broadcasting, the World Wide Web and mobile telecommunication. Content preparation deals with the generation of summaries by automatic video analysis techniques, and with the annotation of content using MPEG-7 for search and retrieval and SMIL for interactive video. The use of open standards favors interoperability with third-party applications and upcoming hardware. Content delivery handles individual user preferences, content selection, real-time content adaptation and streaming in a seamless way. The proposed framework has been implemented in the ECfunded R&D project PERSEO and tested by selected groups of end-users. Personalization, video summaries and the overall usability have been positively evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Video Retrieval Using an EDL-Based Timeline

In creating a new multimedia asset, specially a video, some decisions have to be made: a selectio... more In creating a new multimedia asset, specially a video, some decisions have to be made: a selection of the portions of the original footage that might be included, how to order them, how to crop each portion in order to reach the desired length and how to stitch all these pieces together. All these decisions constitute the core of the so called Editing Decision List, where all these actions are stored for the record. In this paper the authors show that the list of editing decisions can be used as the basis for indexing and retrieving videos from a database; more specifically, we show that a timeline created from the EDL is a valid and sufficient descriptor for identifying a video among a huge population, assuming a minimum duration. We demonstrate, as well, that this descriptor has a very good behavior in terms of robustness given different bit and frame rates, sizes and re-encoding processes. Indexing and retrieval using this descriptor is tested in a IPMP application for TV broadcasting.

Research paper thumbnail of ENSAYO YISUS

Expresión de lo que se quiere a través del modelo del lenguaje.