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Papers by shalu singh

Multi-Agent System for Integration Process Business and Ontologies for the Government Online Strategy

This work presents the justification of the Integration of three (3) technologies: Ontology, Mult... more This work presents the justification of the Integration of three (3) technologies: Ontology, Multiagent Systems and Business Process to support the Governmental Online Strategy in Colombia. The architecture is integrated in first place by one component assure the model of government processes that has the more significant relations, the works flows, activities, decisions, resources used and the actors which performed task doing the technologies of Business Processes Management. In second place, should be maintained the knowledge modeling of the government that allow common language of the information interchange and the interoperability between its entities, which only this possible doing use of the Ontologies, where is included the concepts, its properties, and the relations between them. And third multi-agents technology is included, that integrated the previous functions, validating the syntactic of the business processes that are holding on the web platform on BPEL format and va...

Wide Band Patch Antenna for Multiple Wireless Applications

Integración De Sistema Multi-Agente, Ontologías y Procesos De Negocios Como Marco Tecnológico De La Estrategia “Gobierno en Línea”

Este trabajo presenta la justificacion de la integracion de tres (3) tecnologias: Sistema Multi-A... more Este trabajo presenta la justificacion de la integracion de tres (3) tecnologias: Sistema Multi-Agente, Ontologias, y Procesos de Negocios para el soporte de la Estrategia “Gobierno en Linea”de Colombia. Se describen en detalle los componentes de la arquitectura propuesta, su enfoque metodologicode disenoy las herramientas que permiten su desarrollo.

In recent year, many Researchers have proposed to restrict the routing process in Mobile Ad hoc n... more In recent year, many Researchers have proposed to restrict the routing process in Mobile Ad hoc networks by formation of a Virtual Backbone. A virtual backbone can reduce the Communication Overhead, increase the Bandwidth Efficiency, reduce Channel Bandwidth Consumption, decrease Management. Thus virtual backbone is being employed to optimize the number and locations of the resource centers in a give Wireless Ad hoc network. Only virtual backbone situated nodes act as routers and thus other nodes need not to acquire, keep, or update routing information. Generally CDS concept is implemented as virtual backbone in Mobile Ad hoc network and it must be of Minimum Size. Algorithms to find CDS in Ad hoc networks is divided into two types of Centralized (Global) Algorithms and Decentralized (Local) Algorithms.

Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021

Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos ... more Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos de um centro universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em uma instituição particular de Montes Claros. Adotou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória, constituída por 128 trabalhadores técnicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários do Center Epidemiological Scale-Depression, além de questionários Sociodemográficos, Fatores Clínicos, Estilo de Vida Fantástico). A associação entre a variável dependente as variáveis independentes foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as que permaneceram associadas até o nível de 25% foram analisadas em conjunto por meio de Regressão de Poisson, sendo assumidas no modelo final apenas as variáveis associadas até o nível de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 66,4%. Entre os trabalhadores técnicos os sintomas depressivos foram associados ao Diabetes (r = 0,778 e p = 0,002), Estilo de vida fantástico (r = 1,478 p = 0,017) e ao Estado de Saúde (r = 0,459 e p = 0,000). Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos na instituição de ensino estudada, que esteve associada a condições clínicas e hábitos de vida, evidenciando a necessidade de melhores medidas para prevenção de sintomas depressivos e para promoção de saúde, com finalidade de minimizar condições que afetem a saúde do colaborador.

Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021

Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos ... more Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos de um centro universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em uma instituição particular de Montes Claros. Adotou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória, constituída por 128 trabalhadores técnicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários do Center Epidemiological Scale-Depression, além de questionários Sociodemográficos, Fatores Clínicos, Estilo de Vida Fantástico). A associação entre a variável dependente as variáveis independentes foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as que permaneceram associadas até o nível de 25% foram analisadas em conjunto por meio de Regressão de Poisson, sendo assumidas no modelo final apenas as variáveis associadas até o nível de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 66,4%. Entre os trabalhadores técnicos os sintomas depressivos foram associados ao Diabetes (r = 0,778 e p = 0,002), Estilo de vida fantástico (r = 1,478 p = 0,017) e ao Estado de Saúde (r = 0,459 e p = 0,000). Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos na instituição de ensino estudada, que esteve associada a condições clínicas e hábitos de vida, evidenciando a necessidade de melhores medidas para prevenção de sintomas depressivos e para promoção de saúde, com finalidade de minimizar condições que afetem a saúde do colaborador.

Scientific Reports, 2020

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proli... more Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proliferation of epithelial cells that may subsequently progress into endometrial cancer (EC). Modern lifestyle disorders such as obesity, hormonal changes and hyperinsulinemia are known risk factors for EH. A mouse strain that mimics most of these risk factors would be an ideal model to study the stage-wise progression of EH disease and develop suitable treatment strategies. Wdr13, an X-linked gene, is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in several tissues including uteri. In the present study, Wdr13 knockout female mice developed benign proliferative epithelium that progressed into EH at around one year of age accompanied by an increase in body weight and elevated estradiol levels. Molecular characterization studies revealed increase in ERα, PI3K and a decrease in PAX2 and ERβ proteins in Wdr13 mutant mice uteri. Further, a decrease in the mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors, namely; p2...

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 2019

Commercial fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer Kel-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 ... more Commercial fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer Kel-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 (labeled as SKF 32, F-32L, Kel-F and FK 800) and an in-house prepared poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (FKM) copolymer were investigated in terms of their thermal degradation kinetics, reaction models and corresponding thermodynamic parameters. All samples underwent a single step thermal degradation using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates under nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were determined through the Kissinger method and three isoconversional methods; viz. the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Starink. The activation energies of the SKF 32, F-32L, Kel-F, FK 800 and FKM obtained using the Kissinger method were 206, 200, 185, 221 and 243 kJ mol-1 , respectively. The activation energy values for the degradation obtained using the KAS method were: 180-225 kJ mol À1 for SKF 32, 192-209 kJ mol À1 for F-32L, 163-185 kJ mol À1 for Kel-F, 213-227 kJ mol À1 for FK 800 and 187-269 kJ mol À1 for FKM with the extents of conversion (a) ¼ 0.1-0.9. These values of the activation energies obtained from the KAS method were in good agreement with those obtained using the FWO and Starink methods. In addition, the appropriate degradation reaction models were determined by means of the Coats-Redfern and Criado methods. The thermodynamic parameters, such as activation Gibb free energy, DG Ã , activation enthalpy, DH Ã , and activation entropy, DS Ã , for formation of the activated complexes during the thermal degradation were also determined and discussed. The positive values of the E a , DG Ã , DH Ã , and DS Ã for SKF 32, F-32L, FK 800 and FKM indicated a non-spontaneous process, while the positive values of the E a , DG Ã and DH Ã , and negative value of DS Ã for Kel-F meant that the formation of the activated complex was accompanied by a smaller decrease of entropy than for the other polymers.

Polymer Bulletin, 2017

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (poly(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer is a kind of versati... more Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (poly(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer is a kind of versatile fluoropolymers that can be used as binder for polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) application. In this work, some of fluoropolymers consisting of VDF and CTFE units such as fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer KeL-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 and poly(VDF-CTFE) (abbreviated as SKF 32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM, respectively) synthesized inhouse have been characterized their physicochemical properties by means of gas pycnometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), organic elemental analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Glass transition temperature, melting point and crystallinity were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics were studied using a temperature at the maximum reaction rate (peak) methods, i.e. Ozawa, Kissinger, Starink and Tang from DSC data obtained at four heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 30°C min-1 under nitrogen atmosphere and thermal stability from TG. The activation energy values calculated by Tang method for the thermal degradation of SKF 32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM were obtained around 212.8, 204.9, 218.7, 238.8 and 245.5 kJ mol-1 , respectively. These values of the activation energy are in good agreement and consistent with those Ozawa, Kissinger and Starink methods used for kinetic analysis. The thermodynamic parameters such as the activation free energy DG = , activation enthalpy DH = , and activation entropy DS = were also determined and discussed.

2016 International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT), 2016

Today detectability of Intellectual Property in the digital world is a major issue. And a waterma... more Today detectability of Intellectual Property in the digital world is a major issue. And a watermarking is one of them process to secure intellectual rights of digital assets. In our paper we propose a method to insert multiple watermark in spatial and frequency domain to make our assets secure and undetectable by dividing our host image into two regions, called region-A and region-B. In a region-A, an owner information is inserted with the help of LSB technique and in another, region-B, a circular watermarks are inserted with additive watermarking technique in DWT-DFT domain. Digital Watermarking has been used as a tool to protect the Intellectual Property Rights of Multimedia Documents. Through the watermarking we are able to prevent the unauthorized access, modification, and alteration of digital multimedia document. In today"s era distribution of digital documents and e-commerce are widely used. Problems of Intellectual and copyright protection can be solved through multiple watermarking. In Multiple Watermarking we can insert more than one watermark into Multimedia content, to accomplish various goals of Digital Watermarking. A DRM Group preserving all the Intellectual Property Rights of multimedia documents. Digital watermarking is referred as to embedding information into a digital media in such a way that it is imperceptible to human eyes but can be easily detecting to embedded. A watermark must be scattered into an image in such a way that its identification and modification should be preventive. Based on the domain, an insertion of watermarking can be divided into two parts. Watermarking done through direct modifying the pixel values of the host image with having some correlation to it. This technique is generally used because of its simplicity. This technique is fragile against attacks, and more perceptible. Watermark insertion into host image can be in the Most Significant Bit (MSB) or in Least Significant Bit (LSB) bit of the host image"s pixel. Watermarking done through, transforming a host image into frequency domain using Discrete Fourier, Discrete Cosine, or Discrete Wavelet Transformation. After that watermark is inserted into transformed image. This technique improves security of watermark against attacks, and it also increases robustness.

Serotonergic 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists: Heterocyclic Chemistry and Potential Therapeutic Significance

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2015

The serotonin 5-HT(6) receptor (5- HT(6)R) is amongst the recently discovered serotonergic recept... more The serotonin 5-HT(6) receptor (5- HT(6)R) is amongst the recently discovered serotonergic receptors with almost exclusive localization in the brain. Hence, this receptor is fast emerging as a promising target for cognition enhancement in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (cognitive function), obesity, schizophrenia and anxiety. The last decade has seen a surge of literature reports on the functional role of this receptor in learning and memory processes and investigations related to the chemistry and pharmacology of 5-HT(6) receptor ligands, especially 5- HT(6) receptor antagonists. Studies show the involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems in cognitive enhancement by 5-HT(6)R antagonists including cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems. Several of the 5-HT(6)R ligands are indole based agents bearing structural similarity to the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin. Based on the pharmacophoric models proposed for these agents, drug designing has been carried out incorporating various heterocyclic replacements for the indole nucleus. In this review, we have broadly summarized the medicinal chemistry and current status of this fairly recent class of drugs along with their potential therapeutic applications.

A secure non-blind block based digital image watermarking technique using DWT and DCT

2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2015

Digital image watermarking can be considered as a better solution to protect authentication of im... more Digital image watermarking can be considered as a better solution to protect authentication of images and its copyright protection. The purpose of proposed method is to provide better security of host image. Proposed method is implemented using DWT and DCT. Watermark image is inserted in LL sub-band of host image by dividing it using DWT. 8×8 block DCT is applied on LL sub-band and watermark is embedded into last pixel of each block. On the basis of watermark pixel value, pixel value of host image is affected. Here, binary watermark image is taken for experiment. Extraction process is completely non-blind technique. In extraction DWT technique is applied on both host image and watermarked image. Finally reverse process of embedding is applied to extract exact watermark image.

PLoS ONE, 2012

WD-repeat proteins are very diverse, yet these are structurally related proteins that participate... more WD-repeat proteins are very diverse, yet these are structurally related proteins that participate in a wide range of cellular functions. WDR13, a member of this family, is conserved from fishes to humans and localizes into the nucleus. To understand the in vivo function(s) of Wdr13 gene, we have created and characterized a mutant mouse strain lacking this gene. The mutant mice had higher serum insulin levels and increased pancreatic islet mass as a result of enhanced beta cell proliferation. While a known cell cycle inhibitor, p21, was downregulated in the mutant islets, over expression of WDR13 in the pancreatic beta cell line (MIN6) resulted in upregulation of p21, accompanied by retardation of cell proliferation. We suggest that WDR13 is a novel negative regulator of the pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Given the higher insulin levels and better glucose clearance in Wdr13 gene deficient mice, we propose that this protein may be a potential candidate drug target for ameliorating impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes.

Importance of post-harvest technology in horticultural crops. Maturity indices, harvesting, handl... more Importance of post-harvest technology in horticultural crops. Maturity indices, harvesting, handling, grading of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality, factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural produce, physiological and biochemical changes, hardening and delaying ripening process. Post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops. Quality parameters and specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological changes after harvest. Methods of storage for local market and export. Pre-harvest treatment and precooling, pre-storage treatments. Different systems of storage, packaging methods and types of packages, recent advances in packaging. Types of containers and cushioning materials, vacuum packaging, cold storage, poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing treatments. Modes of transport. Practical: Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest treatment of horticultural crops, physical and chemical methods. Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and cut flowers by using different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packaging houses and cold storage units. Lecture-21 Part-10 PULSING-Flowers Pulsing is 'supplying a solution through transpiration stream'. Term pulsing means placing freshly harvested flowers for a relatively short time from few seconds to hours in a solution specially formulated to extend their vase life. This process is also called as hydration and it can be facilitated by addition of wetting agent to water. Methods of Pulsing Cut flowers are pulsed with sugars, such as sucrose. Sucrose pulsing involves concentration of 5-20% treated for overnight at 2 0 C or at warm temperature of 21 0 C for 10 minutes. Cut flowers such as carnation and delphiniums are pulsed with anti ethylene agents like silver thio sulfate (STS) or aminooxyacetic acids(AOA). AOA is toxic to most flowers except carnation. Pulsing is also done through applying 2-4 mM silver ions for 15-45 minutes at ambient temperature or 0.5mM silver overnight at 1 0 C. Cut flowers are also pulsed with dyes, such as the food grades blue used on white carnation to give interesting visual effects like blue coloured petal veins and margins. Drying-Cut flowers and foliages reserved for desiccation/drying can be pulsed for one to a few days with humectants, such as 20-30% glycerol. This process is known as uptake preservation. This retains suppleness (flexible), associated with the humectants chemical attracting water vapour from the atmosphere in to the tissue. During pulsing with humectants, often brown, red, green, blue and others dyes are frequently supplied along with the humectants. TINTING Artificial colouration of flowers is called tinting. It is applied through a. stem (carnation) b. dipping the flowers heads (daisies) a. Tinting via stem-is done with adding food grade dye solution with appropriate chemicals in a bucket of warm water of 41 0 C. The carnation flowers to be tinted (usually white coloured) are allowed to stress overnight in packing house at 18 0 C to increase the rate of solution uptake. Dying is stopped before the flowers reach the desired colour, because dye still in the stem is flushed into the flowers by vase solution. b. Dippingis carried through tinting solution containing aniline dyes dissolved in isopropanol. The head of the flowers are dipped in a dye solution and shaken to remove surplus solution and placed on a rack to dry before storage or packing. Fig. Artificial coloration in flower carnation Storage life of different commodities in zero energy cool chambers Vegetables Months Storage life (days) Ambient ZECC

Multi-Agent System for Integration Process Business and Ontologies for the Government Online Strategy

This work presents the justification of the Integration of three (3) technologies: Ontology, Mult... more This work presents the justification of the Integration of three (3) technologies: Ontology, Multiagent Systems and Business Process to support the Governmental Online Strategy in Colombia. The architecture is integrated in first place by one component assure the model of government processes that has the more significant relations, the works flows, activities, decisions, resources used and the actors which performed task doing the technologies of Business Processes Management. In second place, should be maintained the knowledge modeling of the government that allow common language of the information interchange and the interoperability between its entities, which only this possible doing use of the Ontologies, where is included the concepts, its properties, and the relations between them. And third multi-agents technology is included, that integrated the previous functions, validating the syntactic of the business processes that are holding on the web platform on BPEL format and va...

Wide Band Patch Antenna for Multiple Wireless Applications

Integración De Sistema Multi-Agente, Ontologías y Procesos De Negocios Como Marco Tecnológico De La Estrategia “Gobierno en Línea”

Este trabajo presenta la justificacion de la integracion de tres (3) tecnologias: Sistema Multi-A... more Este trabajo presenta la justificacion de la integracion de tres (3) tecnologias: Sistema Multi-Agente, Ontologias, y Procesos de Negocios para el soporte de la Estrategia “Gobierno en Linea”de Colombia. Se describen en detalle los componentes de la arquitectura propuesta, su enfoque metodologicode disenoy las herramientas que permiten su desarrollo.

In recent year, many Researchers have proposed to restrict the routing process in Mobile Ad hoc n... more In recent year, many Researchers have proposed to restrict the routing process in Mobile Ad hoc networks by formation of a Virtual Backbone. A virtual backbone can reduce the Communication Overhead, increase the Bandwidth Efficiency, reduce Channel Bandwidth Consumption, decrease Management. Thus virtual backbone is being employed to optimize the number and locations of the resource centers in a give Wireless Ad hoc network. Only virtual backbone situated nodes act as routers and thus other nodes need not to acquire, keep, or update routing information. Generally CDS concept is implemented as virtual backbone in Mobile Ad hoc network and it must be of Minimum Size. Algorithms to find CDS in Ad hoc networks is divided into two types of Centralized (Global) Algorithms and Decentralized (Local) Algorithms.

Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021

Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos ... more Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos de um centro universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em uma instituição particular de Montes Claros. Adotou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória, constituída por 128 trabalhadores técnicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários do Center Epidemiological Scale-Depression, além de questionários Sociodemográficos, Fatores Clínicos, Estilo de Vida Fantástico). A associação entre a variável dependente as variáveis independentes foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as que permaneceram associadas até o nível de 25% foram analisadas em conjunto por meio de Regressão de Poisson, sendo assumidas no modelo final apenas as variáveis associadas até o nível de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 66,4%. Entre os trabalhadores técnicos os sintomas depressivos foram associados ao Diabetes (r = 0,778 e p = 0,002), Estilo de vida fantástico (r = 1,478 p = 0,017) e ao Estado de Saúde (r = 0,459 e p = 0,000). Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos na instituição de ensino estudada, que esteve associada a condições clínicas e hábitos de vida, evidenciando a necessidade de melhores medidas para prevenção de sintomas depressivos e para promoção de saúde, com finalidade de minimizar condições que afetem a saúde do colaborador.

Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021

Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos ... more Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em trabalhadores técnicos de um centro universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em uma instituição particular de Montes Claros. Adotou-se uma amostra probabilística aleatória, constituída por 128 trabalhadores técnicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários do Center Epidemiological Scale-Depression, além de questionários Sociodemográficos, Fatores Clínicos, Estilo de Vida Fantástico). A associação entre a variável dependente as variáveis independentes foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as que permaneceram associadas até o nível de 25% foram analisadas em conjunto por meio de Regressão de Poisson, sendo assumidas no modelo final apenas as variáveis associadas até o nível de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 66,4%. Entre os trabalhadores técnicos os sintomas depressivos foram associados ao Diabetes (r = 0,778 e p = 0,002), Estilo de vida fantástico (r = 1,478 p = 0,017) e ao Estado de Saúde (r = 0,459 e p = 0,000). Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos na instituição de ensino estudada, que esteve associada a condições clínicas e hábitos de vida, evidenciando a necessidade de melhores medidas para prevenção de sintomas depressivos e para promoção de saúde, com finalidade de minimizar condições que afetem a saúde do colaborador.

Scientific Reports, 2020

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proli... more Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proliferation of epithelial cells that may subsequently progress into endometrial cancer (EC). Modern lifestyle disorders such as obesity, hormonal changes and hyperinsulinemia are known risk factors for EH. A mouse strain that mimics most of these risk factors would be an ideal model to study the stage-wise progression of EH disease and develop suitable treatment strategies. Wdr13, an X-linked gene, is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in several tissues including uteri. In the present study, Wdr13 knockout female mice developed benign proliferative epithelium that progressed into EH at around one year of age accompanied by an increase in body weight and elevated estradiol levels. Molecular characterization studies revealed increase in ERα, PI3K and a decrease in PAX2 and ERβ proteins in Wdr13 mutant mice uteri. Further, a decrease in the mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors, namely; p2...

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 2019

Commercial fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer Kel-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 ... more Commercial fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer Kel-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 (labeled as SKF 32, F-32L, Kel-F and FK 800) and an in-house prepared poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (FKM) copolymer were investigated in terms of their thermal degradation kinetics, reaction models and corresponding thermodynamic parameters. All samples underwent a single step thermal degradation using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates under nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were determined through the Kissinger method and three isoconversional methods; viz. the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Starink. The activation energies of the SKF 32, F-32L, Kel-F, FK 800 and FKM obtained using the Kissinger method were 206, 200, 185, 221 and 243 kJ mol-1 , respectively. The activation energy values for the degradation obtained using the KAS method were: 180-225 kJ mol À1 for SKF 32, 192-209 kJ mol À1 for F-32L, 163-185 kJ mol À1 for Kel-F, 213-227 kJ mol À1 for FK 800 and 187-269 kJ mol À1 for FKM with the extents of conversion (a) ¼ 0.1-0.9. These values of the activation energies obtained from the KAS method were in good agreement with those obtained using the FWO and Starink methods. In addition, the appropriate degradation reaction models were determined by means of the Coats-Redfern and Criado methods. The thermodynamic parameters, such as activation Gibb free energy, DG Ã , activation enthalpy, DH Ã , and activation entropy, DS Ã , for formation of the activated complexes during the thermal degradation were also determined and discussed. The positive values of the E a , DG Ã , DH Ã , and DS Ã for SKF 32, F-32L, FK 800 and FKM indicated a non-spontaneous process, while the positive values of the E a , DG Ã and DH Ã , and negative value of DS Ã for Kel-F meant that the formation of the activated complex was accompanied by a smaller decrease of entropy than for the other polymers.

Polymer Bulletin, 2017

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (poly(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer is a kind of versati... more Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (poly(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer is a kind of versatile fluoropolymers that can be used as binder for polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) application. In this work, some of fluoropolymers consisting of VDF and CTFE units such as fluororubber SKF 32, fluoroplastic F-32L, fluoroelastomer KeL-F, fluoroplastic FK 800 and poly(VDF-CTFE) (abbreviated as SKF 32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM, respectively) synthesized inhouse have been characterized their physicochemical properties by means of gas pycnometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), organic elemental analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Glass transition temperature, melting point and crystallinity were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics were studied using a temperature at the maximum reaction rate (peak) methods, i.e. Ozawa, Kissinger, Starink and Tang from DSC data obtained at four heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 30°C min-1 under nitrogen atmosphere and thermal stability from TG. The activation energy values calculated by Tang method for the thermal degradation of SKF 32, F-32L, KeL-F, FK 800 and FKM were obtained around 212.8, 204.9, 218.7, 238.8 and 245.5 kJ mol-1 , respectively. These values of the activation energy are in good agreement and consistent with those Ozawa, Kissinger and Starink methods used for kinetic analysis. The thermodynamic parameters such as the activation free energy DG = , activation enthalpy DH = , and activation entropy DS = were also determined and discussed.

2016 International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT), 2016

Today detectability of Intellectual Property in the digital world is a major issue. And a waterma... more Today detectability of Intellectual Property in the digital world is a major issue. And a watermarking is one of them process to secure intellectual rights of digital assets. In our paper we propose a method to insert multiple watermark in spatial and frequency domain to make our assets secure and undetectable by dividing our host image into two regions, called region-A and region-B. In a region-A, an owner information is inserted with the help of LSB technique and in another, region-B, a circular watermarks are inserted with additive watermarking technique in DWT-DFT domain. Digital Watermarking has been used as a tool to protect the Intellectual Property Rights of Multimedia Documents. Through the watermarking we are able to prevent the unauthorized access, modification, and alteration of digital multimedia document. In today"s era distribution of digital documents and e-commerce are widely used. Problems of Intellectual and copyright protection can be solved through multiple watermarking. In Multiple Watermarking we can insert more than one watermark into Multimedia content, to accomplish various goals of Digital Watermarking. A DRM Group preserving all the Intellectual Property Rights of multimedia documents. Digital watermarking is referred as to embedding information into a digital media in such a way that it is imperceptible to human eyes but can be easily detecting to embedded. A watermark must be scattered into an image in such a way that its identification and modification should be preventive. Based on the domain, an insertion of watermarking can be divided into two parts. Watermarking done through direct modifying the pixel values of the host image with having some correlation to it. This technique is generally used because of its simplicity. This technique is fragile against attacks, and more perceptible. Watermark insertion into host image can be in the Most Significant Bit (MSB) or in Least Significant Bit (LSB) bit of the host image"s pixel. Watermarking done through, transforming a host image into frequency domain using Discrete Fourier, Discrete Cosine, or Discrete Wavelet Transformation. After that watermark is inserted into transformed image. This technique improves security of watermark against attacks, and it also increases robustness.

Serotonergic 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists: Heterocyclic Chemistry and Potential Therapeutic Significance

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2015

The serotonin 5-HT(6) receptor (5- HT(6)R) is amongst the recently discovered serotonergic recept... more The serotonin 5-HT(6) receptor (5- HT(6)R) is amongst the recently discovered serotonergic receptors with almost exclusive localization in the brain. Hence, this receptor is fast emerging as a promising target for cognition enhancement in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (cognitive function), obesity, schizophrenia and anxiety. The last decade has seen a surge of literature reports on the functional role of this receptor in learning and memory processes and investigations related to the chemistry and pharmacology of 5-HT(6) receptor ligands, especially 5- HT(6) receptor antagonists. Studies show the involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems in cognitive enhancement by 5-HT(6)R antagonists including cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems. Several of the 5-HT(6)R ligands are indole based agents bearing structural similarity to the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin. Based on the pharmacophoric models proposed for these agents, drug designing has been carried out incorporating various heterocyclic replacements for the indole nucleus. In this review, we have broadly summarized the medicinal chemistry and current status of this fairly recent class of drugs along with their potential therapeutic applications.

A secure non-blind block based digital image watermarking technique using DWT and DCT

2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2015

Digital image watermarking can be considered as a better solution to protect authentication of im... more Digital image watermarking can be considered as a better solution to protect authentication of images and its copyright protection. The purpose of proposed method is to provide better security of host image. Proposed method is implemented using DWT and DCT. Watermark image is inserted in LL sub-band of host image by dividing it using DWT. 8×8 block DCT is applied on LL sub-band and watermark is embedded into last pixel of each block. On the basis of watermark pixel value, pixel value of host image is affected. Here, binary watermark image is taken for experiment. Extraction process is completely non-blind technique. In extraction DWT technique is applied on both host image and watermarked image. Finally reverse process of embedding is applied to extract exact watermark image.

PLoS ONE, 2012

WD-repeat proteins are very diverse, yet these are structurally related proteins that participate... more WD-repeat proteins are very diverse, yet these are structurally related proteins that participate in a wide range of cellular functions. WDR13, a member of this family, is conserved from fishes to humans and localizes into the nucleus. To understand the in vivo function(s) of Wdr13 gene, we have created and characterized a mutant mouse strain lacking this gene. The mutant mice had higher serum insulin levels and increased pancreatic islet mass as a result of enhanced beta cell proliferation. While a known cell cycle inhibitor, p21, was downregulated in the mutant islets, over expression of WDR13 in the pancreatic beta cell line (MIN6) resulted in upregulation of p21, accompanied by retardation of cell proliferation. We suggest that WDR13 is a novel negative regulator of the pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Given the higher insulin levels and better glucose clearance in Wdr13 gene deficient mice, we propose that this protein may be a potential candidate drug target for ameliorating impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes.

Importance of post-harvest technology in horticultural crops. Maturity indices, harvesting, handl... more Importance of post-harvest technology in horticultural crops. Maturity indices, harvesting, handling, grading of fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality, factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural produce, physiological and biochemical changes, hardening and delaying ripening process. Post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops. Quality parameters and specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological changes after harvest. Methods of storage for local market and export. Pre-harvest treatment and precooling, pre-storage treatments. Different systems of storage, packaging methods and types of packages, recent advances in packaging. Types of containers and cushioning materials, vacuum packaging, cold storage, poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing treatments. Modes of transport. Practical: Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest treatment of horticultural crops, physical and chemical methods. Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and cut flowers by using different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packaging houses and cold storage units. Lecture-21 Part-10 PULSING-Flowers Pulsing is 'supplying a solution through transpiration stream'. Term pulsing means placing freshly harvested flowers for a relatively short time from few seconds to hours in a solution specially formulated to extend their vase life. This process is also called as hydration and it can be facilitated by addition of wetting agent to water. Methods of Pulsing Cut flowers are pulsed with sugars, such as sucrose. Sucrose pulsing involves concentration of 5-20% treated for overnight at 2 0 C or at warm temperature of 21 0 C for 10 minutes. Cut flowers such as carnation and delphiniums are pulsed with anti ethylene agents like silver thio sulfate (STS) or aminooxyacetic acids(AOA). AOA is toxic to most flowers except carnation. Pulsing is also done through applying 2-4 mM silver ions for 15-45 minutes at ambient temperature or 0.5mM silver overnight at 1 0 C. Cut flowers are also pulsed with dyes, such as the food grades blue used on white carnation to give interesting visual effects like blue coloured petal veins and margins. Drying-Cut flowers and foliages reserved for desiccation/drying can be pulsed for one to a few days with humectants, such as 20-30% glycerol. This process is known as uptake preservation. This retains suppleness (flexible), associated with the humectants chemical attracting water vapour from the atmosphere in to the tissue. During pulsing with humectants, often brown, red, green, blue and others dyes are frequently supplied along with the humectants. TINTING Artificial colouration of flowers is called tinting. It is applied through a. stem (carnation) b. dipping the flowers heads (daisies) a. Tinting via stem-is done with adding food grade dye solution with appropriate chemicals in a bucket of warm water of 41 0 C. The carnation flowers to be tinted (usually white coloured) are allowed to stress overnight in packing house at 18 0 C to increase the rate of solution uptake. Dying is stopped before the flowers reach the desired colour, because dye still in the stem is flushed into the flowers by vase solution. b. Dippingis carried through tinting solution containing aniline dyes dissolved in isopropanol. The head of the flowers are dipped in a dye solution and shaken to remove surplus solution and placed on a rack to dry before storage or packing. Fig. Artificial coloration in flower carnation Storage life of different commodities in zero energy cool chambers Vegetables Months Storage life (days) Ambient ZECC