shashank kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by shashank kumar
Tightening the Noose Around Anti-Sodomy Laws: Global and Local Perspectives On Human Rights and Homosexuals
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the rights accorded to homosexuals as a sexual minority wit... more Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the rights accorded to homosexuals as a sexual minority with special reference to India. Specifically, the object is two-fold: firstly, to establish that even homosexuals have a legal right to marry in India; secondly, to establish the ...
A Study of Lawyers Appearing Before the International Court of Justice, 1999-2012
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Standard Chartered Bank Case: A Jurisprudential Analysis
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
... MU Joshi v. MU Shimpi AIR 1961 SC 1494 para.19. ... 46 Chandrachud, YV and Manohar, VR (eds.)... more ... MU Joshi v. MU Shimpi AIR 1961 SC 1494 para.19. ... 46 Chandrachud, YV and Manohar, VR (eds.) Ratanlal and Dhirajlal – The Indian Penal Code (Wadhwa, New Delhi, 31st edn.) p. 239; State of Punjab v. Man Singh AIR 1983 SC 172; Asharfi Lal v. State of UP AIR 1987 SC ...
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) l... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) leaf aqueous extract on oxidative stress and hepatic biomarkers in isoniazid induced rats. Dried leaf sample was extracted with distilled water by using soxhlet apparatus.
Analytical Biochemistry
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts. Materials and Methods: Dried samples were sequentially extracted in different solvents. Antioxidant activity was determined by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene bleaching and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines was determined by SRB assay. Results: Chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethyl alcohol extracts demonstrated higher FRAP values (4981-6568 µmol ferrous sulphate equivalent/mg). Aqueous, ethyl alcohol and chloroform extracts showed better β-carotene bleaching inhibition potential (zone of inhibition 15mm). Acetone and ethyl alcohol extracts accounted for moderate (48% and 53%, respectively) lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat liver homogenate. Aqueous fraction of stem exhibited potent cytotoxic activity (67-99%) against ...
Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics
Anticancer potential of Piper longum fruit against human cancer cell lines (DU-145 prostate, A549... more Anticancer potential of Piper longum fruit against human cancer cell lines (DU-145 prostate, A549 lung, THP-1 leukemia, IGR-OVI-1 ovary, and MCF-7 breast) as well as its in vitro and in vivo biochemical efficacy in AlCl3-induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated in the rats. Dried samples were extracted with several solvents using soxhlet apparatus. Flavonoid content in chloroform, benzene, ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts of fruit was 19, 14, 12 and 11 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of sample, respectively. Hexane extracts exhibited 90-92% cytotoxicity against most of the test cell lines (A549, THP-1, IGR-OVI-1 and MCF-7), while benzene extract displayed 84-87% cytotoxicity against MCF-7, IGR-OV-1 and THP-1 cell lines. Among extracts, hexane, benzene and acetone extracts demonstrated considerable cytotoxicity (91-95%) against A549 (lung cancer) cell line in Sulforhodamine B dye (SRB) assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that hexane, benzene and acetone extracts produced 41, 63 and 43% sub...
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts.
Phytochemicals analysis, cytotoxic and radical scavenging activities of Parthenium hysterophorus
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
The present study was conducted on effectiveness of E. crasssipes (water hyacinth) on physico- ch... more The present study was conducted on effectiveness of E. crasssipes (water hyacinth) on physico- chemical parameters along with heavy metal removal from the waste water bodies present naturally in the trans-Yamuna regions of Allahabad, India during two seasons i.e., winter (November to February, 2011) and rainy (July to October, 2012). Results reveals that water hyacinth can be biotic resource which are useful in waste water treatment by altering the physico-chemical environment(DO increases with decrease in BOD and COD) of the water along with the reduction in the concentration of toxic heavy metals(Fe2+,Zn2+ and Cr6+)showing its highest pollution reducing capacity.The water hyacinth hold promise as a natural water purification system, which could be established at a fraction of the cost of a conventional wastewater treatment facility.
He has expertise in areas of Free radical biology, Cancer biology, Characterization of plant prod... more He has expertise in areas of Free radical biology, Cancer biology, Characterization of plant products, Xenobiotic metabolism, and Microbiology. Dr. Kumar is familiar with many biochemical techniques such as Spectrophotometry, ELISA, Electrophoresis, PCR, RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, TLC, HPLC, LC-MS, Cell culture and Microbiological techniques. He has presented his research findings in more than 30 National/International Conferences and attended about 35 Workshop at the majority of major Universities and Medical Colleges throughout the India. Recent publications include the first time reporting of hepatoprotective and oxidative stress mitigative (in vitro and in vivo) effects of E. crassipes leaf extracts as well as Cell cycle inhibitory and hepato-protective activity of Piper longum. Dr. Kumar is life time member MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered class of endogenous non-coding single stranded (15–22 nucleotide long) RNAs. They have evolutionarily conserved sequences that regula...
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2011
Oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing wit... more Oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing with biological macromolecules in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage along with lipid peroxidation. Many phytochemicals have been found to play as potential antioxidants and antimicrobials. In the present study antioxidant and antistaphylococcal activities of Bauhinia variegata, Tinospora cardifolia and Piper longum have been determined. Total phenolic contents in plant extracts were estimated and different amounts of phenolic contents were found in B. variegata, T. cardifolia and P. longum extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidants such as, BHA, BHT, quercetin, ascorbic acid and propyl gallate. The % scavenging activity gradually increased with increasing concentrations of the test extracts in DPPH radical scavenging assay. Dose dependent antioxidant activity pattern was also observed in phosphomolybdate assay. Antioxidant a...
Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide. Malignant cells display metabolic changes, w... more Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide. Malignant cells display metabolic changes, when compared to normal cells, because of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Number of drugs being used for the cancer treatment follows different mechanisms of action. Therapeutic strategies include targeting of drugs at specific genes or proteins/enzymes found in cancer cells or the internal tissue environment which contributes to growth and survival of these cells. Targeted therapy is often used along with chemotherapy and other treatments to restrict the growth and spread of cancer cells. During the past few decades, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the development of selective anticancer agents. There is a class of targeted therapy drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors which focus on blocking the development of new blood vessels in tumor tissues. In addition, anticancer drugs also include DNA intercalators, DNA synthesis inhibitors, transcription regulators, enzyme inhibitors etc. This review focuses on major classes of anticancer drug targets and their therapeutic importance.
National Academy Science Letters, 2015
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The National Academ... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The National Academy of Sciences, India. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Free radicals pose serious threat to tissues and vital organs, especially membrane lipids, protei... more Free radicals pose serious threat to tissues and vital organs, especially membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of cells. Overproduction of reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and other related radicals lead to oxidative stress which has been implicated in aging and a number of diseases. Free radicals react with biomolecules and cause lipid peroxidation, loss of enzyme activity, mutation and carcinogenesis. A number of degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse hepatic conditions have been attributed to accumulation of free radicals. Diseases resulting from radical overload might also lead to different types of cancers. However free radicals at low or moderate levels are vital to human health. ROS and RNS produced in a well regulated manner help maintain homeostasis at the cellular level in the normal healthy tissues and play an important role as signaling molecules. Cellular antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases/reductase, peroxiredoxins along with non enzymatic antioxidants viz., tocopherols, vitamin C and glutathione etc., apart from several dietary components protect cells and organisms from the lethal effects of excessive ROS production. Natural products of plant origin have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment BJMMR, 7(6): 438-457, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.351 439 of diseases resulting from radical overload. The diversity of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenes and saponins etc. present in plants and dietary components provide drug leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review deals with the components of free radical biology, their adverse consequences in humans and amelioration of diseases by botanical therapeutics.
SOP Transactions on Nano-technology, 2014
Excessive free radicals are generated in body due to unbalanced oxidants and antioxidants ratio w... more Excessive free radicals are generated in body due to unbalanced oxidants and antioxidants ratio which results into oxidative stress. Many diseases, as well as exposure to toxins and even some normal activities are known to cause oxidative stress. Aldehydes are the end products of a chemical reaction that starts with an attack on phospholipids by the oxygen based hydroxyl radical (OH) to form unstable compounds known as lipid hydroperoxides. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles due to their capability of forming excitonic pair (e-, h + ) serve as an ROS scavenger. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by XRD and SEM. Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay in rat tissue homogenate (liver, kidney, brain and spleen) was used to asses the protection against the cell membrane damage. Nanoparticles accounted for maximum inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue at a concentration of 600µg/ml.
The Scientific World Journal, 2013
There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of th... more There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of their versatile health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Since flavonoids are directly associated with human dietary ingredients and health, there is need to evaluate structure and function relationship. The bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend upon the configuration, total number of hydroxyl groups, and substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, while some flavonoids exhibit potential antiviral activities. In plant systems, flavonoids help in combating oxidative stress and act as growth regulators. For pharmaceutical purposes cost-effective bulk production of different types of flavonoids has been made possible with the help of microbial biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production.
Tightening the Noose Around Anti-Sodomy Laws: Global and Local Perspectives On Human Rights and Homosexuals
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the rights accorded to homosexuals as a sexual minority wit... more Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the rights accorded to homosexuals as a sexual minority with special reference to India. Specifically, the object is two-fold: firstly, to establish that even homosexuals have a legal right to marry in India; secondly, to establish the ...
A Study of Lawyers Appearing Before the International Court of Justice, 1999-2012
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Standard Chartered Bank Case: A Jurisprudential Analysis
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
... MU Joshi v. MU Shimpi AIR 1961 SC 1494 para.19. ... 46 Chandrachud, YV and Manohar, VR (eds.)... more ... MU Joshi v. MU Shimpi AIR 1961 SC 1494 para.19. ... 46 Chandrachud, YV and Manohar, VR (eds.) Ratanlal and Dhirajlal – The Indian Penal Code (Wadhwa, New Delhi, 31st edn.) p. 239; State of Punjab v. Man Singh AIR 1983 SC 172; Asharfi Lal v. State of UP AIR 1987 SC ...
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) l... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) leaf aqueous extract on oxidative stress and hepatic biomarkers in isoniazid induced rats. Dried leaf sample was extracted with distilled water by using soxhlet apparatus.
Analytical Biochemistry
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts. Materials and Methods: Dried samples were sequentially extracted in different solvents. Antioxidant activity was determined by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene bleaching and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines was determined by SRB assay. Results: Chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethyl alcohol extracts demonstrated higher FRAP values (4981-6568 µmol ferrous sulphate equivalent/mg). Aqueous, ethyl alcohol and chloroform extracts showed better β-carotene bleaching inhibition potential (zone of inhibition 15mm). Acetone and ethyl alcohol extracts accounted for moderate (48% and 53%, respectively) lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat liver homogenate. Aqueous fraction of stem exhibited potent cytotoxic activity (67-99%) against ...
Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics
Anticancer potential of Piper longum fruit against human cancer cell lines (DU-145 prostate, A549... more Anticancer potential of Piper longum fruit against human cancer cell lines (DU-145 prostate, A549 lung, THP-1 leukemia, IGR-OVI-1 ovary, and MCF-7 breast) as well as its in vitro and in vivo biochemical efficacy in AlCl3-induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated in the rats. Dried samples were extracted with several solvents using soxhlet apparatus. Flavonoid content in chloroform, benzene, ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts of fruit was 19, 14, 12 and 11 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of sample, respectively. Hexane extracts exhibited 90-92% cytotoxicity against most of the test cell lines (A549, THP-1, IGR-OVI-1 and MCF-7), while benzene extract displayed 84-87% cytotoxicity against MCF-7, IGR-OV-1 and THP-1 cell lines. Among extracts, hexane, benzene and acetone extracts demonstrated considerable cytotoxicity (91-95%) against A549 (lung cancer) cell line in Sulforhodamine B dye (SRB) assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that hexane, benzene and acetone extracts produced 41, 63 and 43% sub...
Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases.... more Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is used as folk remedy against many diseases. This work reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of T. cordifolia stem extracts.
Phytochemicals analysis, cytotoxic and radical scavenging activities of Parthenium hysterophorus
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
The present study was conducted on effectiveness of E. crasssipes (water hyacinth) on physico- ch... more The present study was conducted on effectiveness of E. crasssipes (water hyacinth) on physico- chemical parameters along with heavy metal removal from the waste water bodies present naturally in the trans-Yamuna regions of Allahabad, India during two seasons i.e., winter (November to February, 2011) and rainy (July to October, 2012). Results reveals that water hyacinth can be biotic resource which are useful in waste water treatment by altering the physico-chemical environment(DO increases with decrease in BOD and COD) of the water along with the reduction in the concentration of toxic heavy metals(Fe2+,Zn2+ and Cr6+)showing its highest pollution reducing capacity.The water hyacinth hold promise as a natural water purification system, which could be established at a fraction of the cost of a conventional wastewater treatment facility.
He has expertise in areas of Free radical biology, Cancer biology, Characterization of plant prod... more He has expertise in areas of Free radical biology, Cancer biology, Characterization of plant products, Xenobiotic metabolism, and Microbiology. Dr. Kumar is familiar with many biochemical techniques such as Spectrophotometry, ELISA, Electrophoresis, PCR, RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, TLC, HPLC, LC-MS, Cell culture and Microbiological techniques. He has presented his research findings in more than 30 National/International Conferences and attended about 35 Workshop at the majority of major Universities and Medical Colleges throughout the India. Recent publications include the first time reporting of hepatoprotective and oxidative stress mitigative (in vitro and in vivo) effects of E. crassipes leaf extracts as well as Cell cycle inhibitory and hepato-protective activity of Piper longum. Dr. Kumar is life time member MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered class of endogenous non-coding single stranded (15–22 nucleotide long) RNAs. They have evolutionarily conserved sequences that regula...
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2011
Oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing wit... more Oxidative stress is initiated by free radicals, which seek stability through electron pairing with biological macromolecules in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage along with lipid peroxidation. Many phytochemicals have been found to play as potential antioxidants and antimicrobials. In the present study antioxidant and antistaphylococcal activities of Bauhinia variegata, Tinospora cardifolia and Piper longum have been determined. Total phenolic contents in plant extracts were estimated and different amounts of phenolic contents were found in B. variegata, T. cardifolia and P. longum extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidants such as, BHA, BHT, quercetin, ascorbic acid and propyl gallate. The % scavenging activity gradually increased with increasing concentrations of the test extracts in DPPH radical scavenging assay. Dose dependent antioxidant activity pattern was also observed in phosphomolybdate assay. Antioxidant a...
Medicinal Chemistry, 2015
Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide. Malignant cells display metabolic changes, w... more Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide. Malignant cells display metabolic changes, when compared to normal cells, because of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Number of drugs being used for the cancer treatment follows different mechanisms of action. Therapeutic strategies include targeting of drugs at specific genes or proteins/enzymes found in cancer cells or the internal tissue environment which contributes to growth and survival of these cells. Targeted therapy is often used along with chemotherapy and other treatments to restrict the growth and spread of cancer cells. During the past few decades, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the development of selective anticancer agents. There is a class of targeted therapy drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors which focus on blocking the development of new blood vessels in tumor tissues. In addition, anticancer drugs also include DNA intercalators, DNA synthesis inhibitors, transcription regulators, enzyme inhibitors etc. This review focuses on major classes of anticancer drug targets and their therapeutic importance.
National Academy Science Letters, 2015
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The National Academ... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The National Academy of Sciences, India. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Free radicals pose serious threat to tissues and vital organs, especially membrane lipids, protei... more Free radicals pose serious threat to tissues and vital organs, especially membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of cells. Overproduction of reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and other related radicals lead to oxidative stress which has been implicated in aging and a number of diseases. Free radicals react with biomolecules and cause lipid peroxidation, loss of enzyme activity, mutation and carcinogenesis. A number of degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse hepatic conditions have been attributed to accumulation of free radicals. Diseases resulting from radical overload might also lead to different types of cancers. However free radicals at low or moderate levels are vital to human health. ROS and RNS produced in a well regulated manner help maintain homeostasis at the cellular level in the normal healthy tissues and play an important role as signaling molecules. Cellular antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases/reductase, peroxiredoxins along with non enzymatic antioxidants viz., tocopherols, vitamin C and glutathione etc., apart from several dietary components protect cells and organisms from the lethal effects of excessive ROS production. Natural products of plant origin have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment BJMMR, 7(6): 438-457, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.351 439 of diseases resulting from radical overload. The diversity of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenes and saponins etc. present in plants and dietary components provide drug leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review deals with the components of free radical biology, their adverse consequences in humans and amelioration of diseases by botanical therapeutics.
SOP Transactions on Nano-technology, 2014
Excessive free radicals are generated in body due to unbalanced oxidants and antioxidants ratio w... more Excessive free radicals are generated in body due to unbalanced oxidants and antioxidants ratio which results into oxidative stress. Many diseases, as well as exposure to toxins and even some normal activities are known to cause oxidative stress. Aldehydes are the end products of a chemical reaction that starts with an attack on phospholipids by the oxygen based hydroxyl radical (OH) to form unstable compounds known as lipid hydroperoxides. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles due to their capability of forming excitonic pair (e-, h + ) serve as an ROS scavenger. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by XRD and SEM. Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay in rat tissue homogenate (liver, kidney, brain and spleen) was used to asses the protection against the cell membrane damage. Nanoparticles accounted for maximum inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue at a concentration of 600µg/ml.
The Scientific World Journal, 2013
There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of th... more There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of their versatile health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Since flavonoids are directly associated with human dietary ingredients and health, there is need to evaluate structure and function relationship. The bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend upon the configuration, total number of hydroxyl groups, and substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, while some flavonoids exhibit potential antiviral activities. In plant systems, flavonoids help in combating oxidative stress and act as growth regulators. For pharmaceutical purposes cost-effective bulk production of different types of flavonoids has been made possible with the help of microbial biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production.