shehzad fahad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by shehzad fahad

Research paper thumbnail of Strength and Reliability of Fabricate Zirconia by Additive Manufacturing

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, Nov 30, 2022

The dentistry community has been interested in zirconia ceramics due to its special qualities as ... more The dentistry community has been interested in zirconia ceramics due to its special qualities as an endodontically treated teeth materials and the rising patient desire for attractive, metal-free restorations [1]. Due to their exceptional mechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, high stability, and visual qualities, zirconia restorations are being utilized extensively in dentistry [2, 3]. Additionally, monolithic zirconia restorations becoming increasingly common in hospitals because to greater translucency and i m p rove m e n t s i n co l o r i n g te c h n i q u e s. Z i rco n i a restorations provide additional bene ts because of its mechanical characteristics [4], such as requiring less tooth preparation and removing the possibility of veneer

Research paper thumbnail of Drug induced tooth discoloration in pediatric group: a review

Journal of Rehman Medical Institute

Teeth stains and discoloration are regular occurrences that can arise for a variety of causes. Wh... more Teeth stains and discoloration are regular occurrences that can arise for a variety of causes. What we eat /drink, ageing and tooth trauma are the most common causes of discoloration. Medications can also cause tooth discoloration, either directly or indirectly. It is our job as health professionals to be aware of the therapeutic treatments that have the potential to stain teeth and to enlighten the general public on how to take the required steps while administering the drugs. This article discusses some of the most common drugs that cause tooth discoloration in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of otitis media with dental caries in children: a systematic review

Journal of Rehman Medical Institute

Introduction: Otitis media, also known as middle ear infection, refers to any inflammation of the... more Introduction: Otitis media, also known as middle ear infection, refers to any inflammation of the middle ear. It may be attributable to bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae (most commonly involved), though viruses can also cause middle ear infection. It affects the pediatric group during the first three years of life, with 80% youngsters having had one otitis media episode at the minimum by age three years, 50% having had at least three episodes, while a smaller number experience their first episode after age three years. This phenomenon has also been linked to an increased presence of Streptococcus mutans which in turn raises the risk of acquiring dental caries. Objective: To determine whether an association exists between middle ear infection and the high occurrence of Streptococcus mutans that ultimately leads to dental caries in children and causes poor oral hygiene problems. Materials & Methods: A comprehensive and well-organized search of published ...

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "The aetiology and associations of halitosis: a systematic review

Research paper thumbnail of The aetiology and associations of halitosis: a systematic review

Oral Diseases, 2022

INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the ... more INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. AIM This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. METHODS An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms "halitosis," "bad-breath," and "oral malodour causes and aetiology." Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. RESULTS Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases, and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Strength and Reliability of Fabricate Zirconia by Additive Manufacturing

Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, Nov 30, 2022

The dentistry community has been interested in zirconia ceramics due to its special qualities as ... more The dentistry community has been interested in zirconia ceramics due to its special qualities as an endodontically treated teeth materials and the rising patient desire for attractive, metal-free restorations [1]. Due to their exceptional mechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, high stability, and visual qualities, zirconia restorations are being utilized extensively in dentistry [2, 3]. Additionally, monolithic zirconia restorations becoming increasingly common in hospitals because to greater translucency and i m p rove m e n t s i n co l o r i n g te c h n i q u e s. Z i rco n i a restorations provide additional bene ts because of its mechanical characteristics [4], such as requiring less tooth preparation and removing the possibility of veneer

Research paper thumbnail of Drug induced tooth discoloration in pediatric group: a review

Journal of Rehman Medical Institute

Teeth stains and discoloration are regular occurrences that can arise for a variety of causes. Wh... more Teeth stains and discoloration are regular occurrences that can arise for a variety of causes. What we eat /drink, ageing and tooth trauma are the most common causes of discoloration. Medications can also cause tooth discoloration, either directly or indirectly. It is our job as health professionals to be aware of the therapeutic treatments that have the potential to stain teeth and to enlighten the general public on how to take the required steps while administering the drugs. This article discusses some of the most common drugs that cause tooth discoloration in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Association of otitis media with dental caries in children: a systematic review

Journal of Rehman Medical Institute

Introduction: Otitis media, also known as middle ear infection, refers to any inflammation of the... more Introduction: Otitis media, also known as middle ear infection, refers to any inflammation of the middle ear. It may be attributable to bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae (most commonly involved), though viruses can also cause middle ear infection. It affects the pediatric group during the first three years of life, with 80% youngsters having had one otitis media episode at the minimum by age three years, 50% having had at least three episodes, while a smaller number experience their first episode after age three years. This phenomenon has also been linked to an increased presence of Streptococcus mutans which in turn raises the risk of acquiring dental caries. Objective: To determine whether an association exists between middle ear infection and the high occurrence of Streptococcus mutans that ultimately leads to dental caries in children and causes poor oral hygiene problems. Materials & Methods: A comprehensive and well-organized search of published ...

Research paper thumbnail of Author response for "The aetiology and associations of halitosis: a systematic review

Research paper thumbnail of The aetiology and associations of halitosis: a systematic review

Oral Diseases, 2022

INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the ... more INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. AIM This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. METHODS An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms "halitosis," "bad-breath," and "oral malodour causes and aetiology." Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. RESULTS Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases, and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals.