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Papers by oluwatosin shittu

Experimental Design of the Interaction Effect of Independent Variables on Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Fruit Bromelain Activity

BIOMED natural and applied science, Feb 23, 2024

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jul 17, 2017

View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Mulberry leaf extract media... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Mulberry leaf extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its anti-bacterial activity against human pathogens K Adavallan and N Krishnakumar-Augmented antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic activities of green synthesised silver nanoparticles Remya Vijayan, Siby Joseph and Beena Mathew-Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of endophytic fungi, Penicillium species of Glycosmis mauritiana, and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and tyrokinase inhibitory activity M Govindappa, H Farheen, C P Chandrappa et al.-Recent citations Naumih Noah-Effective shear augmented dispersion of solutes during nanoparticle assisted drug delivery in a microvessel Sachin Shaw-Practical Use of Green Nanotechnologies and Bionanoparticles in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Various Diseases A.

EXCLI Journal, 2020

Bacterial infections remain a serious health issue; hence there is a need for continuous search f... more Bacterial infections remain a serious health issue; hence there is a need for continuous search for improved antimicrobials. In addition, it is important to understand the antibacterial mechanism of prospective antimicrobials to fully harness their benefits. In this study, the antimicrobial action of silver nanoparticles was investigated. The antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles against different strains of bacteria was evaluated after which Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were selected as model for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria respectively. Additionally, to determine mechanism of action, some biochemical assays including determination of kynurenine level, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were carried out. Results showed that silver nanoparticles caused DNA damage and induced oxidative stress as reflected in elevated nitric oxide production and lipid peroxidation level. In contrast silver nanoparticles increased the antio...

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 29, 2017

View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Application of gold nanopar... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Application of gold nanoparticles for improved drug efficiency K O Shittu, M T Bankole, A S Abdulkareem et al.-Characterization, antibacterial, and neurotoxic effect of Green synthesized nanosilver using Ziziphus spina Christi aqueous leaf extract collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Afaf El-Ansary, Arjumand Warsy, Maha Daghestani et al.-Antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Cordia dichotoma leaves extract R Mankamna Kumari, Nikita Thapa, Nidhi Gupta et al.-Recent citations Physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles produced using the aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis

Additional file 1: of African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Structure of chemical compounds isolated from African plants with potential antioxidants properti... more Structure of chemical compounds isolated from African plants with potential antioxidants properties. (DOCX 121 kb)

Effect of methanolic leaf extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma brucei infected rats

The effect of methanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma bruc... more The effect of methanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma brucei infected rats was investigated. The result obtained in serum and liver GGT, shows that at p<0.05, there was insignificant difference in the serum and liver specific activities of infected untreated and uninfected treated with extract group in comparison with the uninfected untreated (normal) groups. But, there was significant increase in the serum and liver GGT activities of prophylactic treated group compared to other experimental groups. Also, the result also shows that there is significant increase in the serum ALP activities of infected early treated groups, compared to other experimental groups. However, the liver ALP activity was significantly increased in prophylactic infected treated group compared to other experimental groups. In the transaminase, the result of the serum Aspartate transaminase (AST) shows that there was significant increase in uninfected treated extract co...

BIOMED natural and applied science, 2021

Background: Proteases are proteolytic enzymes having a wide range of applications in various indu... more Background: Proteases are proteolytic enzymes having a wide range of applications in various industries such as the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, medicine, leather and textile. Microorganisms are considered potentially to be the most suitable sources of proteases. Prior to industrial applications of proteases, it is important to investigate physical parameters affecting their enzyme activities. Methods: The microorganisms isolated from different waste dumpsites were screened for proteolytic activity using casein as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH and kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, specific activities and Kcat of the proteases produced were determined to ascertain their industrial prospects. Results: The results obtained showed that A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp, Muccor and Fusarium sp. are the active protease producing fungal isolates while B. subtilis and B. megaterium are the active protease producing bacterial isolates obtained from waste dumpsit...

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018

This study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica (400mg/kg body weight) ... more This study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica (400mg/kg body weight) on some biomarker enzymes and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats. Twenty albino rats were intraperitoneally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and were grouped into five (5) groups of four (4) rats each. Group1 was set up as infected not treated (0.2ml normal saline/kg body weight), group 2 was treated with diaminazene aceturate (standard drug), group 3 as prophylactic treated (treatment for 72 hours before inoculation of parasite), group 4 as early treatment with the extract (treatment commenced after the sight of parasite) and group 5 as the control (uninfected untreated) group. Results shows significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver AST and ALT activities with concomitant increase in serum activities of the infected untreated rats when compared with the early treated, prophylactic treated, standard treated and normal control. Serum ALP activity of the infected not treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to the control group and other experimental groups. No significant (p>0.05) difference in the liver ALP activities of the extract treated infected groups with standard drug treated group However, serum and liver GGT activities of the uninfected untreated (control) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than all the other experimental groups. Haematological studies shows significant decrease (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) , haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell count (RBC) of infected not treated when compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. There was likewise significant increase in white blood cell count (WBC) of infected not treated compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. Findings from this study showed that methanol extract of Musca domestica larva has trypanocidal properties thereby ameliorating the T. brucei induced biochemical changes in rats.

Anti-plasmodial Activity of Bee Sting in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2015

Aim: Based on traditional claims and practice, the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and its ... more Aim: Based on traditional claims and practice, the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and its effect on haematological indices was investigated in P. berghei infected mice. Methodology: Sixteen albino mice were intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive P. berghei strain and divided into four groups each consisted of four animals. Group I was set up as negative control of 0.2 ml normal Saline/kg body weight, group II as 5 mg chloroquine/kg body weight, group III had suppressive treatment and group IV was administered curative treatment. The thin blood smear was used to determine the parasiteamia counts and the haematological parameters were estimated on day 7. Results: The result of percentage chemosuppression shows that bee stings suppress the parasitaemia to 56.6%. Also, the suppressive and curative groups show longer mean survival period of 15.0 and 20.0 respectively. The haematological studies show that the level of packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (HB) of infected untreated group was significantly (p<0.05) lower when compare with all other experimental groups, where as chloroquine treated Original Research Article Shittu and Eyihuri; IJTDH, 6(3): 80-85, 2015; Article no.IJTDH.2015.042 81 group shows significant increase compared to the bee treated groups. The Red blood cell (R.B.C.) counts was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in infected untreated group when compare with suppressive and chloroquine treated groups. However the white blood cell (WBC) counts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in infected bee sting treated when compare to the infected untreated and infected chloroquine treated groups. Conclusion: Based on the result obtained, this study confirms the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and suggests its potential as drug agent or lead against malaria.

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2015

Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African ... more Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African and other endemic countries globally. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become one of the most momentous challenges to human health, and thus has necessitated the hunt for new and effective drugs. Consequently, few decades have witnessed a surfeit of research geared to validate the effectiveness of commonly used traditionally medicines against malaria fever. The present review work focuses on documenting natural products from African whose activity has been reported in vivo or in vitro against malaria parasite. Literature was collected using electronic search of published articles (Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Sciencedirect, and Science domain) that report on antiplasmodial activity of natural products from differernts Africa region. A total of 652 plant taxa from 146 families, 134 isolated antimalarial compounds from 39 plants species, 2 herbal formulations and 4 insect/products were found to be reported in literature from 1996 to 2015. Plants species from family Asteraceae (11.04%), Fababceae (8.128%), Euphorbiaceae (5.52%), Rubiaceas (5.52%), and Apocyanaceae (5.214%), have received more scientific validation than others. African natural products possess remarkable healing properties as revealed in the various citations as promising antimalarial agents. Some of these natural products from Africa demonstrate high, promising or low activities against Plasmodium parasite. This study also shows that natural products from Africa have a huge amount of novel antimalarial compounds that could serve as a leads for the development of new and effective antiplasmodial drugs. However, in a view of bridging the gap in knowledge, clinical validation of these natural products are of paramount importance.

Antitrypanosomal Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) and Its Effect on Haematological Parameters of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Rats

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2015

Aims: Ethyl acetate extract of honey bee Apis mellifera (600 mg/kg/bw) was investigated for its e... more Aims: Ethyl acetate extract of honey bee Apis mellifera (600 mg/kg/bw) was investigated for its effect on parasitemia and some haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats. Methodology: Five groups comprising of four mice per group were used in the study. Group 1, 2 and 3 were infected prophylactic treated, infected early treated and infected standard drug (berenil) treated (3.5 mg/kg/day) respectively. Group 4 and 5 serve as negative control (infected not treated) and normal control (uninfected not treated) respectively. The crude extract was partially purified Original Research Article Shittu et al.; JABB, 3(1): 29-35, 2015; Article no.JABB.2015.029 30 using column chromatography to give fraction 1-3. Results: The administration of the crude extract shows reduced parasitaemia and extension of life span from 5 days infected not treated (control) groups to 14 and 15days for infected prophylactic and infected early treated groups respectively. Also, the partially purified fraction 1 and 2 shows low parasitemia with survival of 6 days while that of fraction 3 is 3 days compared with infected untreated group which survive for 5 days. There were significant increase (p<0.05) in the haemoglobin (HB) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) counts and white blood cells (WBC) counts of infected treated groups when compared with infected not treated group. Whereas, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the RBC and WBC counts of infected early treated group when compare with infected untreated group. Conclusion: It can be deduced that methanol extract of Apis mellifera possessed antitrypanosomal activities with ameliorative effect against haematological symptoms of Africa trypanosomiasis.

Toxicological Evaluation of Bee Sting in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015

Aim: Based on the traditional and scientific claims of intra-dermal antiplasmodial activity of be... more Aim: Based on the traditional and scientific claims of intra-dermal antiplasmodial activity of bee stings, its effect on liver and serum enzymes in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were investigated. Methodology: Twenty albino mice were intra-peritoneally infected with P. berghei and divided into four animals per group. Group I was set up as negative control (parasitized untreated), group II as parasitized treated with 5 mg chloroquine/kg body weight, group III as suppressive treated, group IV as curative treated and group five as not parasitized not treated. Results: The results of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) of the infected treated with chloroquine shows significant increase when compared to other experimental groups (p˂ 0.05). Whereas, there was increase in liver AST in group II, group III and group IV when compared to not parasitized not treated (p˂ 0.05). Also, there was significant decrease in liver ALT activity in all the experimental groups. The serum and liver gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in the curative and suppressive groups when compared to the standard drug (chloroquine). Whereas, parasitized not treated group shows significant increase (p<0.05) in the liver GGT and ALP when compared with other experimental groups. Therefore, Original Research Article Shittu and Ibrahim; IJBcRR, 6(4): 170-177, 2015; Article no.IJBcRR.2015.049 171 these increases in specific activity of the parasitized untreated group might be due to infection. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bee sting have ameliorative effect against changes caused by P. berghei.

Scientific reports, Jan 10, 2017

Tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) borreliosis is a neglected disease that is often misdiagnosed. RF... more Tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) borreliosis is a neglected disease that is often misdiagnosed. RF species circulating in the United States include Borrelia turicatae, which is transmitted by argasid ticks. Environmental adaptation by RF Borrelia is poorly understood, however our previous studies indicated differential regulation of B. turicatae genes localized on the 150 kb linear megaplasmid during the tick-mammalian transmission cycle, including bta121. This gene is up-regulated by B. turicatae in the tick versus the mammal, and the encoded protein (BTA121) is predicted to be surface localized. The structure of BTA121 was solved by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) using selenomethionine-derivative protein. The topology of BTA121 is unique with four helical domains organized into two helical bundles. Due to the sequence similarity of several genes on the megaplasmid, BTA121 can serve as a model for their tertiary structures. BTA121 has large interconnected tunnels and ...

BIOMED natural and applied science, 2021

Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence and find multiple applications in various indust... more Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence and find multiple applications in various industrial sectors. Although there are many microbial sources available for producing proteases, only a few are recognized as commercial producers. Utilization and recycling of renewable resources that pose threat to the environment can be systematically carried out to bring about resource productivity needed to make human activity sustainable. In the present study, we evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and protease production ability of mango seed kernel and pineapple peels. The proximate compositions and antimicrobial analysis of Mango seed kernel and pineapple peels were evaluated using standard protocols. We evaluated the protease production of Bacillus megaterium using the mango seed kernel and pineapple peels as the carbon sources. Our results revealed that mango seed kernel has low moisture, ash and crude fibre content but has high oil and crude protein content while pineapple ...

The emergence of industries in developing countries is a rising challenge where the generation of... more The emergence of industries in developing countries is a rising challenge where the generation of undesirable liquid wastes containing pollutants are discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment. This research investigated the removal of contaminant in electroplating wastewater and its toxic effect using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Fresh leaves of Piliostigma thonningii were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the produced Ag NPs. The electroplating wastewater was treated using green synthesized silver nanoparticle and subjected to physicochemical analysis using standard methods. The sub-chronic toxicity studies on the blood and liver tissues were carried out. At various conditions of concentration, temperature, pH and time, TEM showed the biosynthesized SNPs (1, 2, 3, and 4) to exhibit different particle size at 50 ...

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2021

The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health... more The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health and economic burden mostly in developing nations. There is currently no effective therapy for this parasitic disease, due to poor drug efficacy, drug resistance, and unwanted toxicity, etc. Therefore, new anti-Trypanosoma agents are urgently needed. This study explored new series of imidazoles for anti-Trypanosoma properties in vitro and in vivo. The imidazoles showed moderate to strong and specific action against growth of T. congolense. For example, the efficacy of the imidazole compounds to restrict Trypanosoma growth in vitro was ≥ 12-fold specific towards T. congolense relative to the mammalian cells. Additionally, the in vivo study revealed that the imidazoles exhibited promising anti-Trypanosoma efficacy corroborating the in vitro anti-parasite capacity. In particular, three imidazole compounds (C1, C6, and C8) not only cleared the systemic parasite burden but cured infected rats...

Giant African snail (Archachatina maginata) is of high medicinal value, it haemolymph has been us... more Giant African snail (Archachatina maginata) is of high medicinal value, it haemolymph has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, whooping cough, anaemia, constipation, restore vitality and stop bleeding. In tune with this effect, the objective set for the present study is to identify the bioactive constituents of A. marginata haemolymph in order to understand the nature of the principle component responsible for its medicinal property. The haemolymph was extracted from the snail (A. maginata) and subjected to Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using a GC-MS (Model: QP2010 PLUS SHIMADZU, JAPAN) comprising a AOC-20i auto-sampler and gas-chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. GC-MS analysis provided of seven peaks. On comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the NIST library twenty six (26) constituents including 7 ester, 7 fatty acid, 5 alcohol, 6 alkane and 1 phthalate were characterized and identified. The presen...

European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2015

The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extracts from bee propolis against carbon tetrachloride ... more The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extracts from bee propolis against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were evaluated. Twenty rats of wister strains were group into 4 (A-D) of 5 rats each: Group A and B serves as normal control and CCL4 control respectively while group C and D were treated with 600mg/kg methanol extracts of bee propolis and 100mg/kg Silymarin (Standard) respectively. The CCL4 were administered in 72hrs interval intraperitoneally, while the extract was given daily for 10days through oral route. The ALT activities in serum and liver were significantly (p<0.05) highest and Lowest respectively in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental groups, however rat treated with propolis extract compared well (p>0.05) with control value in their serum and liver ALT activites. The serum AST activities were significantly (p<0.05) raised in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental group. However, no significant (p>0.05) difference were observed in Liver AST activities of all experimental groups when compared with the control values. The ALP activities in serum and liver were significantly (p<0.05) lowest and highest respectively in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental group. The liver ALP of rats treated with sylimarin and propolis compared well with the control value.The serum and Liver Total proteins were significantly (p<0.05) highest in the control rats than all other experimental group. The serum and Liver Total proteins in propolis treated rats compared well (P>0.05) with the negative control rats and were significantly higher than the sylimarin treated rats. In conclusion, bee propolis has ameliorated the adverse effects of CCL4 induced Liver damage and could therefore, be recommended as an effective natural product for the management of liver disease

Anti-Plasmodial Properties of Methanolic Extract of Musca Domestica Maggot on P. Berghei - Infected Mice

The antiplasmodial activity of crude methanolic extract of Musca domestica (house fly) maggot was... more The antiplasmodial activity of crude methanolic extract of Musca domestica (house fly) maggot was investigated in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Fifteen albino mice was intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain and divided into three groups. Group I was set up as negative control of 0.2ml normal saline/kg body weight, group II as 5mg chloroquine/kg body weight and group III as 600mg of the extract/kg body weight. The result shows that methanolic extract of Musca domestica suppress the level of parasitaemia and there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of all the groups at Day 0, while at Day 4 there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of the negative control compared to other groups. Whereas at Day 7 of the experiment, there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of the negative control and 5mg received chloroquine compared to group III (600mg...

Clinical Phytoscience, 2021

Background In the wake of antibiotic resistance, treatment of intractable wound have been very ch... more Background In the wake of antibiotic resistance, treatment of intractable wound have been very challenging and any alternative treatment which may lead to less use of antibiotics deserves further exploitation. Nanoparticle conjugates has potentially not only reduce antibiotic use but it has been considered safe and effectively disinfect wounds already colonized with resistant bacteria as well as promoting granulation tissue formation. In this study, Iodine-doped silver nanoparticle Ointment (Ag-I NPs) was investigated for its toxicological effect on excisional wound of albino rats. Methods Aqueous extraction of Piper guineense leaf was carried out and used for the synthesis of Ag-I NPs. The synthesized Ag-I NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer which confirmed the availability of silver nanoparticles. The particles were then used to prepare a wound healing ointment for treating excision wound inflicted on wistar rat model. Blood samples, liver and kidney bi...

Experimental Design of the Interaction Effect of Independent Variables on Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Fruit Bromelain Activity

BIOMED natural and applied science, Feb 23, 2024

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jul 17, 2017

View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Mulberry leaf extract media... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Mulberry leaf extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its anti-bacterial activity against human pathogens K Adavallan and N Krishnakumar-Augmented antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic activities of green synthesised silver nanoparticles Remya Vijayan, Siby Joseph and Beena Mathew-Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of endophytic fungi, Penicillium species of Glycosmis mauritiana, and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and tyrokinase inhibitory activity M Govindappa, H Farheen, C P Chandrappa et al.-Recent citations Naumih Noah-Effective shear augmented dispersion of solutes during nanoparticle assisted drug delivery in a microvessel Sachin Shaw-Practical Use of Green Nanotechnologies and Bionanoparticles in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Various Diseases A.

EXCLI Journal, 2020

Bacterial infections remain a serious health issue; hence there is a need for continuous search f... more Bacterial infections remain a serious health issue; hence there is a need for continuous search for improved antimicrobials. In addition, it is important to understand the antibacterial mechanism of prospective antimicrobials to fully harness their benefits. In this study, the antimicrobial action of silver nanoparticles was investigated. The antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles against different strains of bacteria was evaluated after which Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were selected as model for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria respectively. Additionally, to determine mechanism of action, some biochemical assays including determination of kynurenine level, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were carried out. Results showed that silver nanoparticles caused DNA damage and induced oxidative stress as reflected in elevated nitric oxide production and lipid peroxidation level. In contrast silver nanoparticles increased the antio...

Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 29, 2017

View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Application of gold nanopar... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related content Application of gold nanoparticles for improved drug efficiency K O Shittu, M T Bankole, A S Abdulkareem et al.-Characterization, antibacterial, and neurotoxic effect of Green synthesized nanosilver using Ziziphus spina Christi aqueous leaf extract collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Afaf El-Ansary, Arjumand Warsy, Maha Daghestani et al.-Antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Cordia dichotoma leaves extract R Mankamna Kumari, Nikita Thapa, Nidhi Gupta et al.-Recent citations Physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles produced using the aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis

Additional file 1: of African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Structure of chemical compounds isolated from African plants with potential antioxidants properti... more Structure of chemical compounds isolated from African plants with potential antioxidants properties. (DOCX 121 kb)

Effect of methanolic leaf extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma brucei infected rats

The effect of methanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma bruc... more The effect of methanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on some biomarker enzymes in Trypanosoma brucei infected rats was investigated. The result obtained in serum and liver GGT, shows that at p<0.05, there was insignificant difference in the serum and liver specific activities of infected untreated and uninfected treated with extract group in comparison with the uninfected untreated (normal) groups. But, there was significant increase in the serum and liver GGT activities of prophylactic treated group compared to other experimental groups. Also, the result also shows that there is significant increase in the serum ALP activities of infected early treated groups, compared to other experimental groups. However, the liver ALP activity was significantly increased in prophylactic infected treated group compared to other experimental groups. In the transaminase, the result of the serum Aspartate transaminase (AST) shows that there was significant increase in uninfected treated extract co...

BIOMED natural and applied science, 2021

Background: Proteases are proteolytic enzymes having a wide range of applications in various indu... more Background: Proteases are proteolytic enzymes having a wide range of applications in various industries such as the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, medicine, leather and textile. Microorganisms are considered potentially to be the most suitable sources of proteases. Prior to industrial applications of proteases, it is important to investigate physical parameters affecting their enzyme activities. Methods: The microorganisms isolated from different waste dumpsites were screened for proteolytic activity using casein as a substrate. The optimum temperature and pH and kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, specific activities and Kcat of the proteases produced were determined to ascertain their industrial prospects. Results: The results obtained showed that A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp, Muccor and Fusarium sp. are the active protease producing fungal isolates while B. subtilis and B. megaterium are the active protease producing bacterial isolates obtained from waste dumpsit...

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018

This study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica (400mg/kg body weight) ... more This study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica (400mg/kg body weight) on some biomarker enzymes and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats. Twenty albino rats were intraperitoneally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and were grouped into five (5) groups of four (4) rats each. Group1 was set up as infected not treated (0.2ml normal saline/kg body weight), group 2 was treated with diaminazene aceturate (standard drug), group 3 as prophylactic treated (treatment for 72 hours before inoculation of parasite), group 4 as early treatment with the extract (treatment commenced after the sight of parasite) and group 5 as the control (uninfected untreated) group. Results shows significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver AST and ALT activities with concomitant increase in serum activities of the infected untreated rats when compared with the early treated, prophylactic treated, standard treated and normal control. Serum ALP activity of the infected not treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to the control group and other experimental groups. No significant (p>0.05) difference in the liver ALP activities of the extract treated infected groups with standard drug treated group However, serum and liver GGT activities of the uninfected untreated (control) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than all the other experimental groups. Haematological studies shows significant decrease (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) , haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell count (RBC) of infected not treated when compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. There was likewise significant increase in white blood cell count (WBC) of infected not treated compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. Findings from this study showed that methanol extract of Musca domestica larva has trypanocidal properties thereby ameliorating the T. brucei induced biochemical changes in rats.

Anti-plasmodial Activity of Bee Sting in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2015

Aim: Based on traditional claims and practice, the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and its ... more Aim: Based on traditional claims and practice, the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and its effect on haematological indices was investigated in P. berghei infected mice. Methodology: Sixteen albino mice were intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive P. berghei strain and divided into four groups each consisted of four animals. Group I was set up as negative control of 0.2 ml normal Saline/kg body weight, group II as 5 mg chloroquine/kg body weight, group III had suppressive treatment and group IV was administered curative treatment. The thin blood smear was used to determine the parasiteamia counts and the haematological parameters were estimated on day 7. Results: The result of percentage chemosuppression shows that bee stings suppress the parasitaemia to 56.6%. Also, the suppressive and curative groups show longer mean survival period of 15.0 and 20.0 respectively. The haematological studies show that the level of packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (HB) of infected untreated group was significantly (p<0.05) lower when compare with all other experimental groups, where as chloroquine treated Original Research Article Shittu and Eyihuri; IJTDH, 6(3): 80-85, 2015; Article no.IJTDH.2015.042 81 group shows significant increase compared to the bee treated groups. The Red blood cell (R.B.C.) counts was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in infected untreated group when compare with suppressive and chloroquine treated groups. However the white blood cell (WBC) counts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in infected bee sting treated when compare to the infected untreated and infected chloroquine treated groups. Conclusion: Based on the result obtained, this study confirms the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and suggests its potential as drug agent or lead against malaria.

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2015

Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African ... more Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African and other endemic countries globally. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become one of the most momentous challenges to human health, and thus has necessitated the hunt for new and effective drugs. Consequently, few decades have witnessed a surfeit of research geared to validate the effectiveness of commonly used traditionally medicines against malaria fever. The present review work focuses on documenting natural products from African whose activity has been reported in vivo or in vitro against malaria parasite. Literature was collected using electronic search of published articles (Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Sciencedirect, and Science domain) that report on antiplasmodial activity of natural products from differernts Africa region. A total of 652 plant taxa from 146 families, 134 isolated antimalarial compounds from 39 plants species, 2 herbal formulations and 4 insect/products were found to be reported in literature from 1996 to 2015. Plants species from family Asteraceae (11.04%), Fababceae (8.128%), Euphorbiaceae (5.52%), Rubiaceas (5.52%), and Apocyanaceae (5.214%), have received more scientific validation than others. African natural products possess remarkable healing properties as revealed in the various citations as promising antimalarial agents. Some of these natural products from Africa demonstrate high, promising or low activities against Plasmodium parasite. This study also shows that natural products from Africa have a huge amount of novel antimalarial compounds that could serve as a leads for the development of new and effective antiplasmodial drugs. However, in a view of bridging the gap in knowledge, clinical validation of these natural products are of paramount importance.

Antitrypanosomal Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) and Its Effect on Haematological Parameters of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Rats

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2015

Aims: Ethyl acetate extract of honey bee Apis mellifera (600 mg/kg/bw) was investigated for its e... more Aims: Ethyl acetate extract of honey bee Apis mellifera (600 mg/kg/bw) was investigated for its effect on parasitemia and some haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats. Methodology: Five groups comprising of four mice per group were used in the study. Group 1, 2 and 3 were infected prophylactic treated, infected early treated and infected standard drug (berenil) treated (3.5 mg/kg/day) respectively. Group 4 and 5 serve as negative control (infected not treated) and normal control (uninfected not treated) respectively. The crude extract was partially purified Original Research Article Shittu et al.; JABB, 3(1): 29-35, 2015; Article no.JABB.2015.029 30 using column chromatography to give fraction 1-3. Results: The administration of the crude extract shows reduced parasitaemia and extension of life span from 5 days infected not treated (control) groups to 14 and 15days for infected prophylactic and infected early treated groups respectively. Also, the partially purified fraction 1 and 2 shows low parasitemia with survival of 6 days while that of fraction 3 is 3 days compared with infected untreated group which survive for 5 days. There were significant increase (p<0.05) in the haemoglobin (HB) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) counts and white blood cells (WBC) counts of infected treated groups when compared with infected not treated group. Whereas, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the RBC and WBC counts of infected early treated group when compare with infected untreated group. Conclusion: It can be deduced that methanol extract of Apis mellifera possessed antitrypanosomal activities with ameliorative effect against haematological symptoms of Africa trypanosomiasis.

Toxicological Evaluation of Bee Sting in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015

Aim: Based on the traditional and scientific claims of intra-dermal antiplasmodial activity of be... more Aim: Based on the traditional and scientific claims of intra-dermal antiplasmodial activity of bee stings, its effect on liver and serum enzymes in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were investigated. Methodology: Twenty albino mice were intra-peritoneally infected with P. berghei and divided into four animals per group. Group I was set up as negative control (parasitized untreated), group II as parasitized treated with 5 mg chloroquine/kg body weight, group III as suppressive treated, group IV as curative treated and group five as not parasitized not treated. Results: The results of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) of the infected treated with chloroquine shows significant increase when compared to other experimental groups (p˂ 0.05). Whereas, there was increase in liver AST in group II, group III and group IV when compared to not parasitized not treated (p˂ 0.05). Also, there was significant decrease in liver ALT activity in all the experimental groups. The serum and liver gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in the curative and suppressive groups when compared to the standard drug (chloroquine). Whereas, parasitized not treated group shows significant increase (p<0.05) in the liver GGT and ALP when compared with other experimental groups. Therefore, Original Research Article Shittu and Ibrahim; IJBcRR, 6(4): 170-177, 2015; Article no.IJBcRR.2015.049 171 these increases in specific activity of the parasitized untreated group might be due to infection. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bee sting have ameliorative effect against changes caused by P. berghei.

Scientific reports, Jan 10, 2017

Tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) borreliosis is a neglected disease that is often misdiagnosed. RF... more Tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) borreliosis is a neglected disease that is often misdiagnosed. RF species circulating in the United States include Borrelia turicatae, which is transmitted by argasid ticks. Environmental adaptation by RF Borrelia is poorly understood, however our previous studies indicated differential regulation of B. turicatae genes localized on the 150 kb linear megaplasmid during the tick-mammalian transmission cycle, including bta121. This gene is up-regulated by B. turicatae in the tick versus the mammal, and the encoded protein (BTA121) is predicted to be surface localized. The structure of BTA121 was solved by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) using selenomethionine-derivative protein. The topology of BTA121 is unique with four helical domains organized into two helical bundles. Due to the sequence similarity of several genes on the megaplasmid, BTA121 can serve as a model for their tertiary structures. BTA121 has large interconnected tunnels and ...

BIOMED natural and applied science, 2021

Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence and find multiple applications in various indust... more Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence and find multiple applications in various industrial sectors. Although there are many microbial sources available for producing proteases, only a few are recognized as commercial producers. Utilization and recycling of renewable resources that pose threat to the environment can be systematically carried out to bring about resource productivity needed to make human activity sustainable. In the present study, we evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and protease production ability of mango seed kernel and pineapple peels. The proximate compositions and antimicrobial analysis of Mango seed kernel and pineapple peels were evaluated using standard protocols. We evaluated the protease production of Bacillus megaterium using the mango seed kernel and pineapple peels as the carbon sources. Our results revealed that mango seed kernel has low moisture, ash and crude fibre content but has high oil and crude protein content while pineapple ...

The emergence of industries in developing countries is a rising challenge where the generation of... more The emergence of industries in developing countries is a rising challenge where the generation of undesirable liquid wastes containing pollutants are discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment. This research investigated the removal of contaminant in electroplating wastewater and its toxic effect using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Fresh leaves of Piliostigma thonningii were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the produced Ag NPs. The electroplating wastewater was treated using green synthesized silver nanoparticle and subjected to physicochemical analysis using standard methods. The sub-chronic toxicity studies on the blood and liver tissues were carried out. At various conditions of concentration, temperature, pH and time, TEM showed the biosynthesized SNPs (1, 2, 3, and 4) to exhibit different particle size at 50 ...

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2021

The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health... more The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health and economic burden mostly in developing nations. There is currently no effective therapy for this parasitic disease, due to poor drug efficacy, drug resistance, and unwanted toxicity, etc. Therefore, new anti-Trypanosoma agents are urgently needed. This study explored new series of imidazoles for anti-Trypanosoma properties in vitro and in vivo. The imidazoles showed moderate to strong and specific action against growth of T. congolense. For example, the efficacy of the imidazole compounds to restrict Trypanosoma growth in vitro was ≥ 12-fold specific towards T. congolense relative to the mammalian cells. Additionally, the in vivo study revealed that the imidazoles exhibited promising anti-Trypanosoma efficacy corroborating the in vitro anti-parasite capacity. In particular, three imidazole compounds (C1, C6, and C8) not only cleared the systemic parasite burden but cured infected rats...

Giant African snail (Archachatina maginata) is of high medicinal value, it haemolymph has been us... more Giant African snail (Archachatina maginata) is of high medicinal value, it haemolymph has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, whooping cough, anaemia, constipation, restore vitality and stop bleeding. In tune with this effect, the objective set for the present study is to identify the bioactive constituents of A. marginata haemolymph in order to understand the nature of the principle component responsible for its medicinal property. The haemolymph was extracted from the snail (A. maginata) and subjected to Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using a GC-MS (Model: QP2010 PLUS SHIMADZU, JAPAN) comprising a AOC-20i auto-sampler and gas-chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. GC-MS analysis provided of seven peaks. On comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the NIST library twenty six (26) constituents including 7 ester, 7 fatty acid, 5 alcohol, 6 alkane and 1 phthalate were characterized and identified. The presen...

European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2015

The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extracts from bee propolis against carbon tetrachloride ... more The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extracts from bee propolis against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were evaluated. Twenty rats of wister strains were group into 4 (A-D) of 5 rats each: Group A and B serves as normal control and CCL4 control respectively while group C and D were treated with 600mg/kg methanol extracts of bee propolis and 100mg/kg Silymarin (Standard) respectively. The CCL4 were administered in 72hrs interval intraperitoneally, while the extract was given daily for 10days through oral route. The ALT activities in serum and liver were significantly (p<0.05) highest and Lowest respectively in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental groups, however rat treated with propolis extract compared well (p>0.05) with control value in their serum and liver ALT activites. The serum AST activities were significantly (p<0.05) raised in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental group. However, no significant (p>0.05) difference were observed in Liver AST activities of all experimental groups when compared with the control values. The ALP activities in serum and liver were significantly (p<0.05) lowest and highest respectively in negative control rats when compared with normal control and other experimental group. The liver ALP of rats treated with sylimarin and propolis compared well with the control value.The serum and Liver Total proteins were significantly (p<0.05) highest in the control rats than all other experimental group. The serum and Liver Total proteins in propolis treated rats compared well (P>0.05) with the negative control rats and were significantly higher than the sylimarin treated rats. In conclusion, bee propolis has ameliorated the adverse effects of CCL4 induced Liver damage and could therefore, be recommended as an effective natural product for the management of liver disease

Anti-Plasmodial Properties of Methanolic Extract of Musca Domestica Maggot on P. Berghei - Infected Mice

The antiplasmodial activity of crude methanolic extract of Musca domestica (house fly) maggot was... more The antiplasmodial activity of crude methanolic extract of Musca domestica (house fly) maggot was investigated in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Fifteen albino mice was intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain and divided into three groups. Group I was set up as negative control of 0.2ml normal saline/kg body weight, group II as 5mg chloroquine/kg body weight and group III as 600mg of the extract/kg body weight. The result shows that methanolic extract of Musca domestica suppress the level of parasitaemia and there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of all the groups at Day 0, while at Day 4 there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of the negative control compared to other groups. Whereas at Day 7 of the experiment, there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) of the negative control and 5mg received chloroquine compared to group III (600mg...

Clinical Phytoscience, 2021

Background In the wake of antibiotic resistance, treatment of intractable wound have been very ch... more Background In the wake of antibiotic resistance, treatment of intractable wound have been very challenging and any alternative treatment which may lead to less use of antibiotics deserves further exploitation. Nanoparticle conjugates has potentially not only reduce antibiotic use but it has been considered safe and effectively disinfect wounds already colonized with resistant bacteria as well as promoting granulation tissue formation. In this study, Iodine-doped silver nanoparticle Ointment (Ag-I NPs) was investigated for its toxicological effect on excisional wound of albino rats. Methods Aqueous extraction of Piper guineense leaf was carried out and used for the synthesis of Ag-I NPs. The synthesized Ag-I NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer which confirmed the availability of silver nanoparticles. The particles were then used to prepare a wound healing ointment for treating excision wound inflicted on wistar rat model. Blood samples, liver and kidney bi...