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Papers by Deepak kumar shukla
Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology
To quantitate radiation-associated cytologic abnormalities in oral cancer cells and analyze their... more To quantitate radiation-associated cytologic abnormalities in oral cancer cells and analyze their relationships with radiation dose, clinical stage and histologic grade. Forty-three oral cancer patients receiving 2 Gy of fractionated radiotherapy per day were enrolled. Scrape smears were taken from the tumor surface before treatment and serially after 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-Gy fractions. Counts were done after Giemsa staining for the number of tumor cells; micronucleated, nuclear budded, binucleated and multinucleated tumor cells; cells with abnormal nuclear chromatin and membrane; cells with cytoplasmic granulation and vacuolization; and histiocytic giant cells. The variation in these counts with increasing radiation dose was assessed and compared with the histologic grade and clinical stage. Before therapy, counts for 7 of 10 cytologic abnormalities were significantly different between the 3 histologic grades (Kruskal-Wallis test). With increasing radiation dose, only micronucleation and nuclear budding remained significantly different within the grades. Most cytologic features were not significantly different in early and advanced clinical stage cancers before or after irradiation (Mann-Whitney U test). Cellular changes do not show a relationship with clinical stage either before or after irradiation. However, they demonstrate a partial pretherapy correlation with histology. This relationship diminishes progressively with increasing radiation dose. Since micronucleation and nuclear budding remain significantly different between histologic grades even after 24 Gy of irradiation, they may be utilized as clinically practicable alternatives to biopsy at this stage and may be useful in further studies on cytologic prognostication of irradiated oral cancer.
Acta Cardiologica, 2008
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed worl... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and is rapidly assuming epidemic proportions in developing countries including India. This has led to extensive research to determine the risk factors unique to this group which may predispose to the elevated risk of this disease. Important amongst them are lipoproteins, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), pro-inflammatory cytokines etc. The following study was undertaken to evaluate the role of the apolipoprotein-B100 (apo-B)/apolipoprotein-AI (apo-AI) ratio as a predictor of CAD risk in the atherosclerosis-prone Indian population, as compared to other conventional lipid ratios. The study group comprised 100 clinically assessed patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosed on electrocardiographic and biochemical criteria and 100 age-matched healthy control subjects. Apo-B and apo-AI levels were estimated by the immunoturbidimetric method, using kits from Randox, UK. Lipid profile was determined using standard enzymatic methods. The exponential regression coefficient beta was calculated for total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL), TC-HDL/HDL, low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) cholesterol/HDL and apo-B/apo-AI ratios. The TC/HDL ratio was 5.15 +/- 1.7 and 3.45 +/- 0.87 in patients with AMI and control subjects, respectively (P< 0.001). The TC-HDL/HDL ratio was 4.61 +/- 2.6 and 2.22 +/- 1.14 in the patients with AMI and the control subjects (P <0.001). The LDL/HDL ratio was 3.32 +/- 1.5 in the AMI patients and 1.84 +/- 0.78 in the control subjects (P…
PloS one, 2014
Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four... more Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four selected regions in India.
The Indian journal of medical research, 2013
The osteoporotic risk for women increases soon after menopause. Bone turnover markers are known t... more The osteoporotic risk for women increases soon after menopause. Bone turnover markers are known to be associated with bone loss and fracture risk. This study was aimed to assess bone turnover using bone markers and their correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in pre- and post-menopausal women. A total of 255 healthy women (160 pre- and 95 post-menopausal) were enrolled. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured to evaluate the bone formation and resorption, respectively. Bone mineral density was determined at lumbar spine (L2-L4) anteroposteriorly, femoral neck and Ward's triangle using Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) system. The comparison of years since menopause with respect to BMD and bone markers was also evaluated. NTX and sBAP showed significant negative correlation with BMD of femur neck and Ward's triangle in postmenopausal women. BMD of all three sides were significant variables for NTX and BMD of femur neck and…
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2009
Objective: To study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and ... more Objective: To study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: A total of 524 healthy primigravidas with a blood pressure less than 140/ 90 mm Hg were randomly assigned between the 12th and 25th weeks to receive 2 g of elemental calcium or placebo and were followed-up until delivery. Results: The incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly less in the calcium than in the placebo group (4.0% vs 12.0%; odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.63); the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at study completion were different in the calcium and placebo group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.02). The risk for preterm delivery was less in the calcium (7.0%) than in the placebo (12.7%) group (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93). The mean baseline calcium intake was 313.83 ± 203.25 mg/day (range, 85.71-910.71 mg/day), which is lower than the recommended dietary intake of 1000 mg, and the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion was 130.82 ± 67.44 mg/dL (range, 40.5-387 mg/dL). Conclusion: Calcium supplementation appears to reduce the occurrence of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in primigravidas who have a daily dietary calcium intake less than the recommended dietary allowances.
Clinical biochemistry, 2008
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma protein, which inhibits fibrinolys... more Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma protein, which inhibits fibrinolysis by removing carboxyterminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin thereby decreasing plasminogen binding on its surface. In this study we have investigated the antigenic level variability (Inter and Intraindividual) of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in 120 healthy Asian Indians since no data on this is available regarding this population. TAFI antigen levels did not show a normal distribution in our population (p b 0.001). Median TAFI antigen levels were found to be 11.683 µg/ml. It ranged from 33.9-202.5%of normal pool plasma (3.9-23.5 µg/ml). TAFI antigenic level showed high level of variability in the Indian population (coefficient of variation: 37.4%). TAFI antigenic levels were stable intraindividually (p = 0.218).
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2014
Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabe... more Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabetes in urban and rural areas of four regions in India.
Journal of Hepatology, 2006
Background/Aims: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D is involved in immunomodulation. Expression of vitamin-D... more Background/Aims: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D is involved in immunomodulation. Expression of vitamin-D receptors in hepatocytes suggests its role in hepatocellular injury. We studied the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in immunoregulatory functions of vitamin-D with susceptibility, severity and persistence of HBV infection.
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2008
Recent reports show strikingly high prevalence of diabetes among urban Asian Indians; however, th... more Recent reports show strikingly high prevalence of diabetes among urban Asian Indians; however, there are very few studies comparing urban, peri-urban and rural prevalence rates of diabetes and their risk factors at the national level. This study is a part of the national non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factor surveillance conducted in different geographical locations (North, South, East, West/Central) in India between April 2003 and March 2005. A total of 44,523 individuals (age: 15–64 years) inclusive of 15,239 from urban, 15,760 from peri-urban/slum and 13,524 from rural areas were recruited. Major risk factors were studied using modified WHO STEPS approach. Diabetes was diagnosed based on self-reported diabetes diagnosed by a physician. The lowest prevalence of self-reported diabetes was recorded in rural (3.1%) followed by peri-urban/slum (3.2%) and the highest in urban areas (7.3%, odds ratio (OR) for urban areas: 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.21–2.79, p < 0.001). Urban residents with abdominal obesity and sedentary activity had the highest prevalence of self-reported diabetes (11.3%) while rural residents without abdominal obesity performing vigorous activity had the lowest prevalence (0.7%). In conclusion, this nation-wide NCD risk factor surveillance study shows that the prevalence of self-reported diabetes is higher in urban, intermediate in peri-urban and lowest in rural areas. Urban residence, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity are the risk factors associated with diabetes in this study.
Plant Biology, 2010
Very little is known about molecular events associated with callus differentiation in indica rice... more Very little is known about molecular events associated with callus differentiation in indica rice. The genes expressed differentially during shoot meristem initiation were identified on genomic arrays applied to efficiently regenerating rice calli. A thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-N-thiadiazol-1,2,3–5,ylurea)-dependent regeneration protocol was developed for efficient embryogenesis in indica rice. The regenerating embryogenic calli induced by TDZ for 10 days showed transcriptional modulation of a number of genes associated with photosynthesis, hormone metabolism, plant development, signal transduction, light response, and plant defense. Eighteen candidate miRNAs were predicted to target the genes expressed differentially in the embryogenic calli grown in TDZ-containing medium. The majority of the photosynthesis-related genes up-regulated in differentiating calli were not expressed or were down-regulated in developing seeds and inflorescences. Most of the genes down-regulated in differentiating calli were up-regulated in developing seeds. The transcriptome of differentiating callus most closely resembled that of the germinating whole seed.
Clinica Chimica Acta, 2009
Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play... more Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine while iterleukin-10 (IL-10) is the major anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with CAD. We determined the significance of the TNF/IL-10 ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients of acute myocardial infarction as a marker for CAD in the atherosclerosis-prone North Indian population.The study group comprised of 100 patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Lipid profile, apolipoprotein-A (Apo-A), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) and CRP concentrations were estimated using commercially available kits in all patients and control subjects. TNF-α, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and IL-10 concentrations were assayed by using commercially available ELISA kits.The TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction (86.9 ± 4.7 pg/ml), as compared to control subjects (7.1 ± 0.67 g/ml). AMI patients also exhibited higher serum concentrations of IL-10 (5.74 ± 0.82 pg/ml), in comparison to the controls (1.22 ± 0.06 pg/ml). The ratio of TNF-α to IL-10 was significantly increased in cases (15.2 ± 1.13), in comparison to healthy subjects (5.8 ± 0.64).These cytokines underline the role of the immune processes during unstable atherosclerosis and in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in the Indian context.
Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology
To quantitate radiation-associated cytologic abnormalities in oral cancer cells and analyze their... more To quantitate radiation-associated cytologic abnormalities in oral cancer cells and analyze their relationships with radiation dose, clinical stage and histologic grade. Forty-three oral cancer patients receiving 2 Gy of fractionated radiotherapy per day were enrolled. Scrape smears were taken from the tumor surface before treatment and serially after 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-Gy fractions. Counts were done after Giemsa staining for the number of tumor cells; micronucleated, nuclear budded, binucleated and multinucleated tumor cells; cells with abnormal nuclear chromatin and membrane; cells with cytoplasmic granulation and vacuolization; and histiocytic giant cells. The variation in these counts with increasing radiation dose was assessed and compared with the histologic grade and clinical stage. Before therapy, counts for 7 of 10 cytologic abnormalities were significantly different between the 3 histologic grades (Kruskal-Wallis test). With increasing radiation dose, only micronucleation and nuclear budding remained significantly different within the grades. Most cytologic features were not significantly different in early and advanced clinical stage cancers before or after irradiation (Mann-Whitney U test). Cellular changes do not show a relationship with clinical stage either before or after irradiation. However, they demonstrate a partial pretherapy correlation with histology. This relationship diminishes progressively with increasing radiation dose. Since micronucleation and nuclear budding remain significantly different between histologic grades even after 24 Gy of irradiation, they may be utilized as clinically practicable alternatives to biopsy at this stage and may be useful in further studies on cytologic prognostication of irradiated oral cancer.
Acta Cardiologica, 2008
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed worl... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and is rapidly assuming epidemic proportions in developing countries including India. This has led to extensive research to determine the risk factors unique to this group which may predispose to the elevated risk of this disease. Important amongst them are lipoproteins, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), pro-inflammatory cytokines etc. The following study was undertaken to evaluate the role of the apolipoprotein-B100 (apo-B)/apolipoprotein-AI (apo-AI) ratio as a predictor of CAD risk in the atherosclerosis-prone Indian population, as compared to other conventional lipid ratios. The study group comprised 100 clinically assessed patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosed on electrocardiographic and biochemical criteria and 100 age-matched healthy control subjects. Apo-B and apo-AI levels were estimated by the immunoturbidimetric method, using kits from Randox, UK. Lipid profile was determined using standard enzymatic methods. The exponential regression coefficient beta was calculated for total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL), TC-HDL/HDL, low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) cholesterol/HDL and apo-B/apo-AI ratios. The TC/HDL ratio was 5.15 +/- 1.7 and 3.45 +/- 0.87 in patients with AMI and control subjects, respectively (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). The TC-HDL/HDL ratio was 4.61 +/- 2.6 and 2.22 +/- 1.14 in the patients with AMI and the control subjects (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). The LDL/HDL ratio was 3.32 +/- 1.5 in the AMI patients and 1.84 +/- 0.78 in the control subjects (P…
PloS one, 2014
Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four... more Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four selected regions in India.
The Indian journal of medical research, 2013
The osteoporotic risk for women increases soon after menopause. Bone turnover markers are known t... more The osteoporotic risk for women increases soon after menopause. Bone turnover markers are known to be associated with bone loss and fracture risk. This study was aimed to assess bone turnover using bone markers and their correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in pre- and post-menopausal women. A total of 255 healthy women (160 pre- and 95 post-menopausal) were enrolled. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured to evaluate the bone formation and resorption, respectively. Bone mineral density was determined at lumbar spine (L2-L4) anteroposteriorly, femoral neck and Ward&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s triangle using Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) system. The comparison of years since menopause with respect to BMD and bone markers was also evaluated. NTX and sBAP showed significant negative correlation with BMD of femur neck and Ward&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s triangle in postmenopausal women. BMD of all three sides were significant variables for NTX and BMD of femur neck and…
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2009
Objective: To study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and ... more Objective: To study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: A total of 524 healthy primigravidas with a blood pressure less than 140/ 90 mm Hg were randomly assigned between the 12th and 25th weeks to receive 2 g of elemental calcium or placebo and were followed-up until delivery. Results: The incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly less in the calcium than in the placebo group (4.0% vs 12.0%; odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.63); the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at study completion were different in the calcium and placebo group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.02). The risk for preterm delivery was less in the calcium (7.0%) than in the placebo (12.7%) group (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93). The mean baseline calcium intake was 313.83 ± 203.25 mg/day (range, 85.71-910.71 mg/day), which is lower than the recommended dietary intake of 1000 mg, and the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion was 130.82 ± 67.44 mg/dL (range, 40.5-387 mg/dL). Conclusion: Calcium supplementation appears to reduce the occurrence of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in primigravidas who have a daily dietary calcium intake less than the recommended dietary allowances.
Clinical biochemistry, 2008
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma protein, which inhibits fibrinolys... more Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma protein, which inhibits fibrinolysis by removing carboxyterminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin thereby decreasing plasminogen binding on its surface. In this study we have investigated the antigenic level variability (Inter and Intraindividual) of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in 120 healthy Asian Indians since no data on this is available regarding this population. TAFI antigen levels did not show a normal distribution in our population (p b 0.001). Median TAFI antigen levels were found to be 11.683 µg/ml. It ranged from 33.9-202.5%of normal pool plasma (3.9-23.5 µg/ml). TAFI antigenic level showed high level of variability in the Indian population (coefficient of variation: 37.4%). TAFI antigenic levels were stable intraindividually (p = 0.218).
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2014
Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabe... more Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabetes in urban and rural areas of four regions in India.
Journal of Hepatology, 2006
Background/Aims: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D is involved in immunomodulation. Expression of vitamin-D... more Background/Aims: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D is involved in immunomodulation. Expression of vitamin-D receptors in hepatocytes suggests its role in hepatocellular injury. We studied the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in immunoregulatory functions of vitamin-D with susceptibility, severity and persistence of HBV infection.
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2008
Recent reports show strikingly high prevalence of diabetes among urban Asian Indians; however, th... more Recent reports show strikingly high prevalence of diabetes among urban Asian Indians; however, there are very few studies comparing urban, peri-urban and rural prevalence rates of diabetes and their risk factors at the national level. This study is a part of the national non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factor surveillance conducted in different geographical locations (North, South, East, West/Central) in India between April 2003 and March 2005. A total of 44,523 individuals (age: 15–64 years) inclusive of 15,239 from urban, 15,760 from peri-urban/slum and 13,524 from rural areas were recruited. Major risk factors were studied using modified WHO STEPS approach. Diabetes was diagnosed based on self-reported diabetes diagnosed by a physician. The lowest prevalence of self-reported diabetes was recorded in rural (3.1%) followed by peri-urban/slum (3.2%) and the highest in urban areas (7.3%, odds ratio (OR) for urban areas: 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.21–2.79, p < 0.001). Urban residents with abdominal obesity and sedentary activity had the highest prevalence of self-reported diabetes (11.3%) while rural residents without abdominal obesity performing vigorous activity had the lowest prevalence (0.7%). In conclusion, this nation-wide NCD risk factor surveillance study shows that the prevalence of self-reported diabetes is higher in urban, intermediate in peri-urban and lowest in rural areas. Urban residence, abdominal obesity and physical inactivity are the risk factors associated with diabetes in this study.
Plant Biology, 2010
Very little is known about molecular events associated with callus differentiation in indica rice... more Very little is known about molecular events associated with callus differentiation in indica rice. The genes expressed differentially during shoot meristem initiation were identified on genomic arrays applied to efficiently regenerating rice calli. A thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-N-thiadiazol-1,2,3–5,ylurea)-dependent regeneration protocol was developed for efficient embryogenesis in indica rice. The regenerating embryogenic calli induced by TDZ for 10 days showed transcriptional modulation of a number of genes associated with photosynthesis, hormone metabolism, plant development, signal transduction, light response, and plant defense. Eighteen candidate miRNAs were predicted to target the genes expressed differentially in the embryogenic calli grown in TDZ-containing medium. The majority of the photosynthesis-related genes up-regulated in differentiating calli were not expressed or were down-regulated in developing seeds and inflorescences. Most of the genes down-regulated in differentiating calli were up-regulated in developing seeds. The transcriptome of differentiating callus most closely resembled that of the germinating whole seed.
Clinica Chimica Acta, 2009
Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play... more Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine while iterleukin-10 (IL-10) is the major anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with CAD. We determined the significance of the TNF/IL-10 ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients of acute myocardial infarction as a marker for CAD in the atherosclerosis-prone North Indian population.The study group comprised of 100 patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Lipid profile, apolipoprotein-A (Apo-A), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) and CRP concentrations were estimated using commercially available kits in all patients and control subjects. TNF-α, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and IL-10 concentrations were assayed by using commercially available ELISA kits.The TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction (86.9 ± 4.7 pg/ml), as compared to control subjects (7.1 ± 0.67 g/ml). AMI patients also exhibited higher serum concentrations of IL-10 (5.74 ± 0.82 pg/ml), in comparison to the controls (1.22 ± 0.06 pg/ml). The ratio of TNF-α to IL-10 was significantly increased in cases (15.2 ± 1.13), in comparison to healthy subjects (5.8 ± 0.64).These cytokines underline the role of the immune processes during unstable atherosclerosis and in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in the Indian context.