sinan zehir - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by sinan zehir
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2015
Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 2018
Introduction: Plate osteosynthesis is the choice of treatment in displaced midshaft fractures of ... more Introduction: Plate osteosynthesis is the choice of treatment in displaced midshaft fractures of adulthood. In this retrospective-multicenter study we aimed to compare the outcomes of minimal invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) with conventional open plating of midshaft clavicular fractures with superior plating. Material-Method: Between April 2011 and January 2015, surgically treated 52 adult patients (age 18-55), having AO type 15-B2.1-3 and 15-B3.1-3 fractures with more than 20 mm. shortening either with MIPPO (n=22, mean age: 32.32±8.22) or conventional plating (n=30, mean age: 34.70±9.37) were extracted from the hospital records. Baseline characteristics and operative data were collected. Functional and radiological evaluation was performed and statistically analyzed. Results: Demographic properties were similar between groups. Both operative time and fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in MIPPO group (approx. 6.5 minutes longer operation and 12 seconds lon...
Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 2017
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate syndesmosis-only fixation in Weber C ankle fractures with tibiofibular di... more OBJECTIVES: To evaluate syndesmosis-only fixation in Weber C ankle fractures with tibiofibular diastasis and to assess the need for additional fibular fixation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with Weber C ankle fractures and tibiofibular diastasis were followed for at least 24 months after treatment. In treatment of the Weber C fractures, only a syndesmosis screw was used through a mini open lateral incision if the syndesmosis could be anatomically reduced and fibular length and rotation could be restored. At follow-up, anteroposterior tibiofibular distance, lateral fibular distance, medial mortise distance and fracture healing were compared and patients were clinically evaluated using the Olerud and Molander ankle scale scoring system. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 49 months and the decreases in anteroposterior tibiofibular distance and lateral fibular distance were statistically significant. At the last follow-up the average clinical score was 86. Ankle mortise was ...
Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 2017
Amaç: Çalışmamızda AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırıklarında genişleyebilir intramedüller ç... more Amaç: Çalışmamızda AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırıklarında genişleyebilir intramedüller çivilerin kullanımı ve sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem: En az 1 yıllık takipleri olan, AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırığı nedeniyle genişleyebilir intramedüller çivi tedavisi uygulanmış 71 hasta (25 kadın, 46 erkek; ortalama yaş 37.2 yıl; aralık 17-83 yıl) retrospektif olarak çalışmaya alındı. Ameliyat süreleri ameliyat notlarından kayıt edildi. Hastalar son kontrollerinde klinik olarak Thoresen kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi ve alt ekstremite uzunluk farkları not edildi. Radyolojik olarak ise kırığın kaynamasına ve redüksiyonun devamlılığına bakıldı. Bulgular: 64 çivi açık cerrahi yaklaşımla, 7 çivi ise kapalı cerrahi yaklaşımla uygulandı ve ortalama ameliyat süresi 78 dakika (60-135 dakika) olarak bulundu. 63 (%88,7) olguda kaynama gerçekleşti ve ortalama kaynama süresi 18 hafta (13-32 hafta) idi. Son kontrollerde yapılan muayenede Thoresen kriterlerine göre 51 (%71,8) çok iyi, 12 (%16,9) iyi, 6 (%8,4) orta ve 2 (%2,8) olguda kötü sonuç alındı. 1 olguda 3 cm kısalık, 3 olguda 2 cm kısalık, bir olguda 1 cm kısalık ve 2 olguda ise < 1 cm kısalık vardı. 7 olguda diz ön ağrısı gelişti. 3 (%4,2) olguda uygulanan çivi şişirilemedi. 15 (%21,1) olguda çivi uygulandıktan sonra şişirilmeyi takiben kırık hattı etrafında femur medullasının genişleme, bir olguda lateral sirkumfleks femoral arter yaralanması oluştu. 4 (%5.6) olguda yüzeyel enfeksiyon görüldü ve antibiyotik tedavisi ile iyileşme sağlandı. Sonuç: Genişleyebilir intramedüller çiviler uygulama zorluğu ve sebep olabileceği komplikasyonlar nedeniyle sınırlı endikasyonlarla kullanılmalıdır.
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015
Acute gluteal artery syndrome secondary to superior gluteal artery injury following pelvic fractu... more Acute gluteal artery syndrome secondary to superior gluteal artery injury following pelvic fracture is a rare entity with potential for significant morbidity and mortality. In this report we present such a case resulting with a favorable outcome with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The European Research Journal, 2015
The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international, independent, peer reviewed, open access... more The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international, independent, peer reviewed, open access, and online publishing journal, which aims to publish papers on all the related areas of basic and clinical medicine. The Journal publishes tree times in a year. A variety of manuscripts types including original research, case reports, invited review articles, technical reports, how-to-do it and letters to the editor are accepted. Journals language is the English. There is no the publication fee. EuRJ has stated to use an international JournalPark system, which is provided by TUBITAK ULAKBIM since December 2014. JournalPark system is based on Open Journal Systems (OJS) that enables the management and publication of journals in a practical and rapid way. The whole processes, starting from the submission of an article to the journal, till the manuscripts publication is carried out in electronic environment. Authors should submit their manuscript and accompanying material to the EuRJ via the online JournalPark system by logging on to and by uploading http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/eurj all manuscript files following the instructions given. Starting from the date of EuRJ was founded, which is a two months period; EuRJ has already 11 editorial staffs, 124 registered authors, and 94 reviewers. Eighteen manuscripts have been submitted to our journal. Nine of them were accepted, 2 rejected, and the others are on evaluating process by our advisors. After the release of the first issue, in a short time period, ISSN application process will also be completed by the Ministry of Culture. The European Research Journal is fulfilling the requirements for being an international journal from the first issue. EuRJ has a strong advisory board with eminent scientists in the field and carries a stringent peer review process.
ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA et TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA, 2015
Annual incidence of knee ligament injuries is reported to be 60.9 per 100,000 people, with poster... more Annual incidence of knee ligament injuries is reported to be 60.9 per 100,000 people, with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries being far less common than anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. [1,2] The PCL is referred to as the "central pivot" of all of all other ligaments, [3] and surgical reconstruction for PCL injuries remains con-Objective: The aim of this study is to report our institution' s experience regarding the use of open tibial inlay technique in patients undergoing single-stage combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Methods: Records of 17 patients who underwent PCL reconstruction with tibial inlay technique were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ipsilateral femoral or tibial osteochondral avulsion fractures or ipsilateral concomitant tibia and femur shaft fractures were excluded. Out of these 17 patients, six cases underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) + PCL reconstruction, nine cases underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner reconstruction, one case underwent ACL + PCL + MCL reconstruction and one case underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner + MCL reconstruction. Mean follow-up was 14.27±6.77 (range: 6-30) months. Results: In preoperative assessments, all patients had 3+ posterior laxity in posterior drawer test; at final follow-up, 6 patients had 0 laxity, 7 patients had 1+ laxity, and 4 patients had 2+ laxity (p<0.001). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective evaluation showed severe disability in all patients preoperatively, whereas 5 knees were grade A, 8 knees were grade B, 3 knees were grade C, and 1 knee was grade D at final follow-up. Mean IKDC subjective score was 75.22±7.53 at final follow-up. Postoperatively, mean side-to-side difference in KT-1000 arthrometer measurement was 2.45±1.80 mm. At final follow-up, mean range of motion (ROM) was 0º on extension and 123.56±6.31º on flexion. Conclusion: Open tibial inlay approach is beneficial during PCL reconstruction. Further study is warranted to establish its effectiveness on functional outcomes and prevention of complications.
ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA et TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA, 2015
Amaç: Kemik ve tendon yaralanmalarında gecikme telafisi mümkün olmayan komplikasyonlara yol açabi... more Amaç: Kemik ve tendon yaralanmalarında gecikme telafisi mümkün olmayan komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Ülkemiz de dahil pek çok ülkede, kırıkçı ve çıkıkçılar halen tedavide gecikme nedenidir. Bu çalışmamızda kırıkçı ve çıkıkçı müdahalesi nedeniyle gecikmiş hastaların tıbbi sonuçları ve olayda etkili faktörler incelendi. Çalışma planı: Ortopedi ve travmatoloji polikliniğimize Ocak 2010 ile Aralık 2012 arasında başvuran hastalardan kırıkçı ve çıkıkçılar tarafından müdahale edilenler çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hasta demografileri, klinik sonuçlanmaları ve olası sosyal etmenler analiz edildi. Komplikasyonların ve fonksiyon kayıplarının değerlendirmesinde klinik muayene ve radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 162 hastanın 97' si (%59.8) erkekti. Ortalama yaş 27.5±9.4 ve 89'u (%54.9) kırsal alanda yaşarken %69.2' sinde üst ekstremite yaralanması mevcuttu. Cerrahi tedavi 108 (%66.7) hastaya uygulandı. Hastalar, aile büyüğü olan akrabaların önerisiyle (%47.6) veya komşularının önerisiyle (%33.3) kırıkçıya gitmişti. İlkokul mezunları ve yeşil kartlılar daha sık kırıkçıya başvurmaktaydı (sırasıyla, p= 0.03 ve p<0.01). Hastaların kırıkçı ve çıkıkçıyı tercih nedenleri sıklıkla tedavi süresinin uzun olması ve sakat kalma korkusuydu (p=0.04). Hastaneye başvuranlarda komplikasyon oranı %33.9' du. Çıkarımlar: Yanlış tedavi olmalarına rağmen, hastaların eğitim eksikliği nedeniyle alternatif tedavi ilgisi gören kırıkçı ve çıkıkçı müdahaleleri, ülkemiz için halen sorun teşkil etmektedir. Çeşitli yayın organları ve sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından yapılacak uyarılar ve ortalama eğitim düzeyinin artması, çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olabilecek bu yanlış yaklaşımın düzeltilmesinde etkili olacaktır.
Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 2014
Özet Amaç. Gelişimsel kalça displazisi bulunan olgularda Salter pelvik osteotomi uygulaması sonra... more Özet Amaç. Gelişimsel kalça displazisi bulunan olgularda Salter pelvik osteotomi uygulaması sonrası erken dönem sonuçlarını radyolojik ve klinik olarak değerlendirmek. Yöntem. Kliniğimize 2002-2008 yılları arasında başvuran ve daha önce herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmamış GKD tanısı konmuş, açık redüksiyon ve Salter İnnominate osteotomi ile tedavi edilmiş 51 kalça (44 hasta,12 erkek, 32 kız, ortalama yaş 30,7 ay) ortalama 25 aylık takip sonucunda retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olgular klinik olarak McKay sınıflamasına, radyolojik olarak Severinin kriterlerine ve avasküler nekroz (AVN) varlığı ise Kalamchi-MacEwen kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular. Preoperatif asetabular indeksi ortalama 37,4 (29-50) derece olan hastaların en son takibi sırasında alınan postoperatif asetabular indeks değerleri ortalama 24,1 (12-32) derece bulundu. MacKay ın klinik değerlendirme sistemine göre 51 kalçanın 43'ü (%84) mükemmel, 7'si (%13,7) iyi, 1'i (%2) orta idi. Severinin radyolojik sınıflamasına göre 26 kalça (%51) çok iyi, 15 kalça (%29,4) iyi, 8 kalça (%15,7) orta ve 2 kalça (%3,9) kötü olarak değerlendirildi Postoperatif AVN oranı yaklaşık %17,6 (9 kalça) idi. Sonuç. Onsekiz ay sonrası GKD tedavisinde Salter innominate osteotomisi etkin bir yöntem olarak pelvis osteotomisi seçenekleri arasında değerlendirilebilir. İleri yaşlarda artan komplikasyon riskini düşürmek için osteotomi tekniğine uygun yapılmalıdır.
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014
Objectives: Many fixation techniques are currently in use for femoral side graft fixation at ACL ... more Objectives: Many fixation techniques are currently in use for femoral side graft fixation at ACL reconstruction surgery. Short term success following ACL reconstruction highly depends on fixation strength of the graft. In this study we report short term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using double hamstring tendon autograft using double cross pin for femoral tunnel fixation. Methods: Between years 2009 and 2013, 51 male adult anterior cruciate ligament injury cases treated surgically, in a single center, with at least one year follow up were investigated. Professional athletes, multi-ligamentous instability cases, cases requiring meniscus repair or further treatment for chondral injuries and cases with concomitant medial and lateral meniscus lesions were not included in the study. Femoral tunnel was prepared anatomically through accessory medial portal, opened medially and distally. Reconstruction was performed using double loop hamstring tendon autograft. Femor...
Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up and treatment results of peroneal nerve palsy... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up and treatment results of peroneal nerve palsy secondary to prolonged squatting for working and to determine an approach for its treatment and prevention. The study retrospectively evaluated 16 patients (7 males, 9 females; mean age: 23.6 years) diagnosed with peroneal nerve palsy due to squatting for work. Clinical and neurological evaluations were performed and weight and height were measured. Lesion site was determined using electrophysiological testing. After diagnosis, medical and orthotic treatment was initiated and rest was advised. Patients were followed until motor symptoms were resolved. Clinical and neurophysiological evaluations were consistent with isolated peroneal nerve palsy. The left side was affected in seven patients, the right side in seven and both sides in two. Average onset of the symptoms was 3.3 (range: 1 to 6) weeks and average daily squatting period was 6.8 (range: 6 to 8) hours. Average healing time was 7...
Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 2015
The aim of the study was to present the results of osteosynthesis with elastic expandable intrame... more The aim of the study was to present the results of osteosynthesis with elastic expandable intramedullary nail for clavicle fractures. The study included 17 patients (11 males, 6 females; mean age 36.4 years, range: 21 to 54 years) who underwent surgery for a displaced clavicle fracture and had a shortening of more than 2 cm. The Constant Score and DASH (Disabilities of The Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scoring were used to determine the functional status of the patients. Mean operation time was 30.4 (range: 25 to 42) minutes and mean follow-up period was 10.3 (range: 8 to 19) months. Mean union time was 15.8 (range: 9 to 20) weeks. A superficial infection was treated with wound debridement and antibiotherapy in one patient. No patient suffered from neurovascular compromise, deep infection or implant irritation. Implant fracture developed at 2 months after surgery in one patient treated for Type B1 clavicle fracture and healed without any other intervention. There was no statistically sign...
Journal of medical case reports, 2014
The simultaneous presentation of osteomyelitis in more than one bone is rare and is commonly acco... more The simultaneous presentation of osteomyelitis in more than one bone is rare and is commonly accompanied by a chronic disease. Even in such cases, other conditions that arise commonly in the long bones of children--such as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and Ewing's sarcoma--must be ruled out. We present the case of a 5-year-old boy with bilateral acute tibial osteomyelitis without an underlying chronic disease who was treated with surgical debridement. We also review the pertinent literature. Early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and timely surgical intervention--including proactive efforts to prevent fractures--all increase the chance of a successful outcome for these patients.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2014
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans ca... more Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans can be intermediate hosts in the hydatic cyst infection. In humans, the most common location sites for hydatic cysts are the liver followed by the lungs. Primary muscle involvement located in the skeletal muscle is very rare. In this article, we present a 24-year-old male patient with primary hydatic cyst located in the medial thigh. A multilocular cystic mass was detected in the magnetic resonance imaging taken with a pre-diagnosis of soft tissue mass. Patient was treated with surgical excision and antihelmintic drug. Primary hydatic cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in endemic regions including our country.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2012
Hydatid cyst is seen an endemic disease in many countries in the world. Cysts arising from Echino... more Hydatid cyst is seen an endemic disease in many countries in the world. Cysts arising from Echinococcus granulosis occur most commonly in the liver and secondly in the lungs. Primary cystic involvement in the musculoskeletal system without lung or liver involvement is very rare. Treatment consists of surgical resection. Anthelmintic medication before and after surgery can be used. In this article, we present a very rare case of 29-year-old female with hydatid cyst involving shoulder, starting from subcutaneous tissue and extending up to the deltoid muscle. The patient was managed with surgical resection and anthelmintic drugs.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2011
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disease of synovium frequently ... more Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disease of synovium frequently most frequently seen in the knee joint and hand tendon synovial tissues; shoulder involvement is extremely rare. It can be seen in joints in two forms as nodular or diffuse involvement. The clinical and radiological symptoms are not specific to the disease and usually mimic other joint diseases. The general complaint of the patients is long-lasting painful swelling that could not be diagnosed. In magnetic resonance imaging it is observed as soft tissue mass. Pigment deposition and histiocytic cell infiltration in the villous synovial projections are the major histological findings. Synovectomy is performed for treatment and the incidence of recurrence is high. In this article, we report a 23-years-old male patient with diffuse PVNS in the shoulder joint and biceps tendon which are rarely involved in PVNS.
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 2014
There is still no gold standard technique for graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament re... more There is still no gold standard technique for graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We compared the functional outcomes of patients receiving either ToggleLoc with ZipLoop technology or Translig transverse crosspin device for femoral graft fixation. A total of 118 patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either Translig(®) transverse crosspin (Translig group 1: n = 51, mean age 28.34 ± 7.83 years, age 18-40 years) or ToggleLoc with ZipLoop technology (ToggleLoc group: n = 67, mean age 26.85 ± 8.76, age 16-41 years) for femoral graft fixation. Early and 1-year assessment was made with Lysholm knee scale, International Knee Documentation Committee Scoring, Tegner Activity Level Scale, KT-1000 arthrometer and pivot shift test. Preoperative vs. postoperative functional parameters showed significant improvement in both groups. Two groups were similar in terms of Lysholm knee scale, IKDC and Tegner activity scores (p > 0.05). The KT-1000 arthrometer revealed slightly less anterior sliding in Translig group than that in ToggleLoc group (p > 0.05). ToggleLoc technique allowed a radiographically more horizontal placement of the graft than Translig technique. Two distinct techniques used in this study are likely to be suitable for femoral graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the femoral tunnel being created via anteromedial approach.
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2013
We evaluated the functional status and postoperative complications of bipolar hemiarthroplasty pa... more We evaluated the functional status and postoperative complications of bipolar hemiarthroplasty patients with femoral neck fractures, which we operated using anterior and posterior approaches. Between November 2007 and February 2011, 224 patients were evaluated according to their surgical exposure type in two groups. The first group, which was approached anteriorly to the joint capsule, included 92 patients, and the second group, approached posteriorly, included 132 patients. The mean follow-up period for group 1 was 16.4 months and for group 2 was 18.9 months. Harris hip score of group 1 was 81.7 and of group 2 was 79.2. In group 1, 19 patients had very good, 52 patients good, 15 patients moderate, and 6 patients insufficient results. In group 2, 29 patients had very good, 74 patients good, 21 patients moderate, and 8 patients insufficient results. Although we had higher hip dislocation and infection rates in group 2, there were no statistical differences between the two groups. Sur...
Dicle Medical Journal / Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 2014
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological results of intraarticular distal ... more Objective: We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological results of intraarticular distal radius fractures which treated with volar locking plates. Methods: Twenty-eight patient (mean age 44.6; range 19-74) with intraarticular distal radius fracture were treated with volar locking plate. Of these 18 were type B, and 10 were type C. Mean follow-up was 19 months. Patients were evaluated with MAYO score, and DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaire. Shortening, radial inclination and palmar tilt were recorded. Uninjured wrist was used for comparison. Results: Union was achieved in all fractures. MAYO score revealed excellent results in 6 patients, good in 7 patients, satisfactory in 14 patients, and poor in 1 patients at the latest follow-up. The mean postoperative DASH score was 16.4 (range, 0-76). The mean radial inclination loss was 0.9 degrees and mean palmar tilt loss was 6.9 degrees when compared to uninjured wrist. Active flexion was 56.3°, extension was 52.5°, supination was 74.2° and pronation was 70.7°. Extensor tenosynovitis was observed in four patients, fleksor pollisis longus tenosynovitis in two, carpal tunnel syndrome in two, superficial infection in one, sudeck atrophy in one. Conclusion: Volar locking plates maintain adequate stability with satisfactory functional results in the treatment of intraarticular distal radius fractures. However, flexor and extensor tendon problems, entrapment of median nerve and reflex sympathetic dystrophy should be kept in mind which might be encountered. In case of tenosynivitis, if union had been achieved the implants should be removed without delay.
Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2014
AMAÇ: Klavikula kırıklarının tedavisinde kabul gören yaklaşım konservatif yöntemler olmakla berab... more AMAÇ: Klavikula kırıklarının tedavisinde kabul gören yaklaşım konservatif yöntemler olmakla beraber deplase ve parçalı kırıklarda cerrahi tedavi önerilmektedir. Cerrahi tedavide ise açık repozisyon ve plak vida uygulamaları yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamızda Edinburg tip 2b klavikula diyafiz kırığı olan, açık repozisyon ve anatomik kilitli klavikula plağı ile tedavi edilmiş olan 31 hastanın radyolojik ve klinik sonuçları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan 31 hastanın 32 klavikula cisim kırığının 17'si sağ ve 15'i sol taraf idi. Olguların 24'ü erkek, 7'si kadın ve ortalama yaş 28 (15-62) yıl idi. Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 12.3 (6-36) ay ve kaynama 15.2 (12-20) hafta idi. Tip 2 b2 kırığı olan hastalardan üç tanesinde kaynama süresi 12 haftadan uzun idi. Hastaların kaynama sonrasındaki Constant skorlaması 92 (85-98) ve DASH değerleri 9 (2-20) olarak belirlendi. 32 klavikula kırığının üçünde (%9) implant bağlı sorun belirlendi. SONUÇ: Klavikula cisim kırıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde anatomik kilitli klavikula plakları ile fonksiyonel ve radyolojik olarak başarılı sonuçlar alınabilmektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Klavikula diafiz kırığı; kilitli anatomik klavikula plağı.
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2015
Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 2018
Introduction: Plate osteosynthesis is the choice of treatment in displaced midshaft fractures of ... more Introduction: Plate osteosynthesis is the choice of treatment in displaced midshaft fractures of adulthood. In this retrospective-multicenter study we aimed to compare the outcomes of minimal invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) with conventional open plating of midshaft clavicular fractures with superior plating. Material-Method: Between April 2011 and January 2015, surgically treated 52 adult patients (age 18-55), having AO type 15-B2.1-3 and 15-B3.1-3 fractures with more than 20 mm. shortening either with MIPPO (n=22, mean age: 32.32±8.22) or conventional plating (n=30, mean age: 34.70±9.37) were extracted from the hospital records. Baseline characteristics and operative data were collected. Functional and radiological evaluation was performed and statistically analyzed. Results: Demographic properties were similar between groups. Both operative time and fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in MIPPO group (approx. 6.5 minutes longer operation and 12 seconds lon...
Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 2017
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate syndesmosis-only fixation in Weber C ankle fractures with tibiofibular di... more OBJECTIVES: To evaluate syndesmosis-only fixation in Weber C ankle fractures with tibiofibular diastasis and to assess the need for additional fibular fixation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with Weber C ankle fractures and tibiofibular diastasis were followed for at least 24 months after treatment. In treatment of the Weber C fractures, only a syndesmosis screw was used through a mini open lateral incision if the syndesmosis could be anatomically reduced and fibular length and rotation could be restored. At follow-up, anteroposterior tibiofibular distance, lateral fibular distance, medial mortise distance and fracture healing were compared and patients were clinically evaluated using the Olerud and Molander ankle scale scoring system. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 49 months and the decreases in anteroposterior tibiofibular distance and lateral fibular distance were statistically significant. At the last follow-up the average clinical score was 86. Ankle mortise was ...
Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 2017
Amaç: Çalışmamızda AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırıklarında genişleyebilir intramedüller ç... more Amaç: Çalışmamızda AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırıklarında genişleyebilir intramedüller çivilerin kullanımı ve sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem: En az 1 yıllık takipleri olan, AO-32A ve 32B yetişkin femur cisim kırığı nedeniyle genişleyebilir intramedüller çivi tedavisi uygulanmış 71 hasta (25 kadın, 46 erkek; ortalama yaş 37.2 yıl; aralık 17-83 yıl) retrospektif olarak çalışmaya alındı. Ameliyat süreleri ameliyat notlarından kayıt edildi. Hastalar son kontrollerinde klinik olarak Thoresen kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi ve alt ekstremite uzunluk farkları not edildi. Radyolojik olarak ise kırığın kaynamasına ve redüksiyonun devamlılığına bakıldı. Bulgular: 64 çivi açık cerrahi yaklaşımla, 7 çivi ise kapalı cerrahi yaklaşımla uygulandı ve ortalama ameliyat süresi 78 dakika (60-135 dakika) olarak bulundu. 63 (%88,7) olguda kaynama gerçekleşti ve ortalama kaynama süresi 18 hafta (13-32 hafta) idi. Son kontrollerde yapılan muayenede Thoresen kriterlerine göre 51 (%71,8) çok iyi, 12 (%16,9) iyi, 6 (%8,4) orta ve 2 (%2,8) olguda kötü sonuç alındı. 1 olguda 3 cm kısalık, 3 olguda 2 cm kısalık, bir olguda 1 cm kısalık ve 2 olguda ise < 1 cm kısalık vardı. 7 olguda diz ön ağrısı gelişti. 3 (%4,2) olguda uygulanan çivi şişirilemedi. 15 (%21,1) olguda çivi uygulandıktan sonra şişirilmeyi takiben kırık hattı etrafında femur medullasının genişleme, bir olguda lateral sirkumfleks femoral arter yaralanması oluştu. 4 (%5.6) olguda yüzeyel enfeksiyon görüldü ve antibiyotik tedavisi ile iyileşme sağlandı. Sonuç: Genişleyebilir intramedüller çiviler uygulama zorluğu ve sebep olabileceği komplikasyonlar nedeniyle sınırlı endikasyonlarla kullanılmalıdır.
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2015
Acute gluteal artery syndrome secondary to superior gluteal artery injury following pelvic fractu... more Acute gluteal artery syndrome secondary to superior gluteal artery injury following pelvic fracture is a rare entity with potential for significant morbidity and mortality. In this report we present such a case resulting with a favorable outcome with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The European Research Journal, 2015
The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international, independent, peer reviewed, open access... more The European Research Journal (EuRJ) is an international, independent, peer reviewed, open access, and online publishing journal, which aims to publish papers on all the related areas of basic and clinical medicine. The Journal publishes tree times in a year. A variety of manuscripts types including original research, case reports, invited review articles, technical reports, how-to-do it and letters to the editor are accepted. Journals language is the English. There is no the publication fee. EuRJ has stated to use an international JournalPark system, which is provided by TUBITAK ULAKBIM since December 2014. JournalPark system is based on Open Journal Systems (OJS) that enables the management and publication of journals in a practical and rapid way. The whole processes, starting from the submission of an article to the journal, till the manuscripts publication is carried out in electronic environment. Authors should submit their manuscript and accompanying material to the EuRJ via the online JournalPark system by logging on to and by uploading http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/eurj all manuscript files following the instructions given. Starting from the date of EuRJ was founded, which is a two months period; EuRJ has already 11 editorial staffs, 124 registered authors, and 94 reviewers. Eighteen manuscripts have been submitted to our journal. Nine of them were accepted, 2 rejected, and the others are on evaluating process by our advisors. After the release of the first issue, in a short time period, ISSN application process will also be completed by the Ministry of Culture. The European Research Journal is fulfilling the requirements for being an international journal from the first issue. EuRJ has a strong advisory board with eminent scientists in the field and carries a stringent peer review process.
ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA et TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA, 2015
Annual incidence of knee ligament injuries is reported to be 60.9 per 100,000 people, with poster... more Annual incidence of knee ligament injuries is reported to be 60.9 per 100,000 people, with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries being far less common than anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. [1,2] The PCL is referred to as the "central pivot" of all of all other ligaments, [3] and surgical reconstruction for PCL injuries remains con-Objective: The aim of this study is to report our institution' s experience regarding the use of open tibial inlay technique in patients undergoing single-stage combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Methods: Records of 17 patients who underwent PCL reconstruction with tibial inlay technique were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ipsilateral femoral or tibial osteochondral avulsion fractures or ipsilateral concomitant tibia and femur shaft fractures were excluded. Out of these 17 patients, six cases underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) + PCL reconstruction, nine cases underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner reconstruction, one case underwent ACL + PCL + MCL reconstruction and one case underwent ACL+ PCL + posterolateral corner + MCL reconstruction. Mean follow-up was 14.27±6.77 (range: 6-30) months. Results: In preoperative assessments, all patients had 3+ posterior laxity in posterior drawer test; at final follow-up, 6 patients had 0 laxity, 7 patients had 1+ laxity, and 4 patients had 2+ laxity (p<0.001). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective evaluation showed severe disability in all patients preoperatively, whereas 5 knees were grade A, 8 knees were grade B, 3 knees were grade C, and 1 knee was grade D at final follow-up. Mean IKDC subjective score was 75.22±7.53 at final follow-up. Postoperatively, mean side-to-side difference in KT-1000 arthrometer measurement was 2.45±1.80 mm. At final follow-up, mean range of motion (ROM) was 0º on extension and 123.56±6.31º on flexion. Conclusion: Open tibial inlay approach is beneficial during PCL reconstruction. Further study is warranted to establish its effectiveness on functional outcomes and prevention of complications.
ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA et TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA, 2015
Amaç: Kemik ve tendon yaralanmalarında gecikme telafisi mümkün olmayan komplikasyonlara yol açabi... more Amaç: Kemik ve tendon yaralanmalarında gecikme telafisi mümkün olmayan komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Ülkemiz de dahil pek çok ülkede, kırıkçı ve çıkıkçılar halen tedavide gecikme nedenidir. Bu çalışmamızda kırıkçı ve çıkıkçı müdahalesi nedeniyle gecikmiş hastaların tıbbi sonuçları ve olayda etkili faktörler incelendi. Çalışma planı: Ortopedi ve travmatoloji polikliniğimize Ocak 2010 ile Aralık 2012 arasında başvuran hastalardan kırıkçı ve çıkıkçılar tarafından müdahale edilenler çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hasta demografileri, klinik sonuçlanmaları ve olası sosyal etmenler analiz edildi. Komplikasyonların ve fonksiyon kayıplarının değerlendirmesinde klinik muayene ve radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 162 hastanın 97' si (%59.8) erkekti. Ortalama yaş 27.5±9.4 ve 89'u (%54.9) kırsal alanda yaşarken %69.2' sinde üst ekstremite yaralanması mevcuttu. Cerrahi tedavi 108 (%66.7) hastaya uygulandı. Hastalar, aile büyüğü olan akrabaların önerisiyle (%47.6) veya komşularının önerisiyle (%33.3) kırıkçıya gitmişti. İlkokul mezunları ve yeşil kartlılar daha sık kırıkçıya başvurmaktaydı (sırasıyla, p= 0.03 ve p<0.01). Hastaların kırıkçı ve çıkıkçıyı tercih nedenleri sıklıkla tedavi süresinin uzun olması ve sakat kalma korkusuydu (p=0.04). Hastaneye başvuranlarda komplikasyon oranı %33.9' du. Çıkarımlar: Yanlış tedavi olmalarına rağmen, hastaların eğitim eksikliği nedeniyle alternatif tedavi ilgisi gören kırıkçı ve çıkıkçı müdahaleleri, ülkemiz için halen sorun teşkil etmektedir. Çeşitli yayın organları ve sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından yapılacak uyarılar ve ortalama eğitim düzeyinin artması, çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olabilecek bu yanlış yaklaşımın düzeltilmesinde etkili olacaktır.
Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 2014
Özet Amaç. Gelişimsel kalça displazisi bulunan olgularda Salter pelvik osteotomi uygulaması sonra... more Özet Amaç. Gelişimsel kalça displazisi bulunan olgularda Salter pelvik osteotomi uygulaması sonrası erken dönem sonuçlarını radyolojik ve klinik olarak değerlendirmek. Yöntem. Kliniğimize 2002-2008 yılları arasında başvuran ve daha önce herhangi bir tedavi uygulanmamış GKD tanısı konmuş, açık redüksiyon ve Salter İnnominate osteotomi ile tedavi edilmiş 51 kalça (44 hasta,12 erkek, 32 kız, ortalama yaş 30,7 ay) ortalama 25 aylık takip sonucunda retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olgular klinik olarak McKay sınıflamasına, radyolojik olarak Severinin kriterlerine ve avasküler nekroz (AVN) varlığı ise Kalamchi-MacEwen kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular. Preoperatif asetabular indeksi ortalama 37,4 (29-50) derece olan hastaların en son takibi sırasında alınan postoperatif asetabular indeks değerleri ortalama 24,1 (12-32) derece bulundu. MacKay ın klinik değerlendirme sistemine göre 51 kalçanın 43'ü (%84) mükemmel, 7'si (%13,7) iyi, 1'i (%2) orta idi. Severinin radyolojik sınıflamasına göre 26 kalça (%51) çok iyi, 15 kalça (%29,4) iyi, 8 kalça (%15,7) orta ve 2 kalça (%3,9) kötü olarak değerlendirildi Postoperatif AVN oranı yaklaşık %17,6 (9 kalça) idi. Sonuç. Onsekiz ay sonrası GKD tedavisinde Salter innominate osteotomisi etkin bir yöntem olarak pelvis osteotomisi seçenekleri arasında değerlendirilebilir. İleri yaşlarda artan komplikasyon riskini düşürmek için osteotomi tekniğine uygun yapılmalıdır.
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014
Objectives: Many fixation techniques are currently in use for femoral side graft fixation at ACL ... more Objectives: Many fixation techniques are currently in use for femoral side graft fixation at ACL reconstruction surgery. Short term success following ACL reconstruction highly depends on fixation strength of the graft. In this study we report short term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using double hamstring tendon autograft using double cross pin for femoral tunnel fixation. Methods: Between years 2009 and 2013, 51 male adult anterior cruciate ligament injury cases treated surgically, in a single center, with at least one year follow up were investigated. Professional athletes, multi-ligamentous instability cases, cases requiring meniscus repair or further treatment for chondral injuries and cases with concomitant medial and lateral meniscus lesions were not included in the study. Femoral tunnel was prepared anatomically through accessory medial portal, opened medially and distally. Reconstruction was performed using double loop hamstring tendon autograft. Femor...
Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up and treatment results of peroneal nerve palsy... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the follow-up and treatment results of peroneal nerve palsy secondary to prolonged squatting for working and to determine an approach for its treatment and prevention. The study retrospectively evaluated 16 patients (7 males, 9 females; mean age: 23.6 years) diagnosed with peroneal nerve palsy due to squatting for work. Clinical and neurological evaluations were performed and weight and height were measured. Lesion site was determined using electrophysiological testing. After diagnosis, medical and orthotic treatment was initiated and rest was advised. Patients were followed until motor symptoms were resolved. Clinical and neurophysiological evaluations were consistent with isolated peroneal nerve palsy. The left side was affected in seven patients, the right side in seven and both sides in two. Average onset of the symptoms was 3.3 (range: 1 to 6) weeks and average daily squatting period was 6.8 (range: 6 to 8) hours. Average healing time was 7...
Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 2015
The aim of the study was to present the results of osteosynthesis with elastic expandable intrame... more The aim of the study was to present the results of osteosynthesis with elastic expandable intramedullary nail for clavicle fractures. The study included 17 patients (11 males, 6 females; mean age 36.4 years, range: 21 to 54 years) who underwent surgery for a displaced clavicle fracture and had a shortening of more than 2 cm. The Constant Score and DASH (Disabilities of The Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scoring were used to determine the functional status of the patients. Mean operation time was 30.4 (range: 25 to 42) minutes and mean follow-up period was 10.3 (range: 8 to 19) months. Mean union time was 15.8 (range: 9 to 20) weeks. A superficial infection was treated with wound debridement and antibiotherapy in one patient. No patient suffered from neurovascular compromise, deep infection or implant irritation. Implant fracture developed at 2 months after surgery in one patient treated for Type B1 clavicle fracture and healed without any other intervention. There was no statistically sign...
Journal of medical case reports, 2014
The simultaneous presentation of osteomyelitis in more than one bone is rare and is commonly acco... more The simultaneous presentation of osteomyelitis in more than one bone is rare and is commonly accompanied by a chronic disease. Even in such cases, other conditions that arise commonly in the long bones of children--such as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and Ewing's sarcoma--must be ruled out. We present the case of a 5-year-old boy with bilateral acute tibial osteomyelitis without an underlying chronic disease who was treated with surgical debridement. We also review the pertinent literature. Early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and timely surgical intervention--including proactive efforts to prevent fractures--all increase the chance of a successful outcome for these patients.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2014
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans ca... more Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans can be intermediate hosts in the hydatic cyst infection. In humans, the most common location sites for hydatic cysts are the liver followed by the lungs. Primary muscle involvement located in the skeletal muscle is very rare. In this article, we present a 24-year-old male patient with primary hydatic cyst located in the medial thigh. A multilocular cystic mass was detected in the magnetic resonance imaging taken with a pre-diagnosis of soft tissue mass. Patient was treated with surgical excision and antihelmintic drug. Primary hydatic cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in endemic regions including our country.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2012
Hydatid cyst is seen an endemic disease in many countries in the world. Cysts arising from Echino... more Hydatid cyst is seen an endemic disease in many countries in the world. Cysts arising from Echinococcus granulosis occur most commonly in the liver and secondly in the lungs. Primary cystic involvement in the musculoskeletal system without lung or liver involvement is very rare. Treatment consists of surgical resection. Anthelmintic medication before and after surgery can be used. In this article, we present a very rare case of 29-year-old female with hydatid cyst involving shoulder, starting from subcutaneous tissue and extending up to the deltoid muscle. The patient was managed with surgical resection and anthelmintic drugs.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery, 2011
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disease of synovium frequently ... more Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disease of synovium frequently most frequently seen in the knee joint and hand tendon synovial tissues; shoulder involvement is extremely rare. It can be seen in joints in two forms as nodular or diffuse involvement. The clinical and radiological symptoms are not specific to the disease and usually mimic other joint diseases. The general complaint of the patients is long-lasting painful swelling that could not be diagnosed. In magnetic resonance imaging it is observed as soft tissue mass. Pigment deposition and histiocytic cell infiltration in the villous synovial projections are the major histological findings. Synovectomy is performed for treatment and the incidence of recurrence is high. In this article, we report a 23-years-old male patient with diffuse PVNS in the shoulder joint and biceps tendon which are rarely involved in PVNS.
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 2014
There is still no gold standard technique for graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament re... more There is still no gold standard technique for graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We compared the functional outcomes of patients receiving either ToggleLoc with ZipLoop technology or Translig transverse crosspin device for femoral graft fixation. A total of 118 patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either Translig(®) transverse crosspin (Translig group 1: n = 51, mean age 28.34 ± 7.83 years, age 18-40 years) or ToggleLoc with ZipLoop technology (ToggleLoc group: n = 67, mean age 26.85 ± 8.76, age 16-41 years) for femoral graft fixation. Early and 1-year assessment was made with Lysholm knee scale, International Knee Documentation Committee Scoring, Tegner Activity Level Scale, KT-1000 arthrometer and pivot shift test. Preoperative vs. postoperative functional parameters showed significant improvement in both groups. Two groups were similar in terms of Lysholm knee scale, IKDC and Tegner activity scores (p > 0.05). The KT-1000 arthrometer revealed slightly less anterior sliding in Translig group than that in ToggleLoc group (p > 0.05). ToggleLoc technique allowed a radiographically more horizontal placement of the graft than Translig technique. Two distinct techniques used in this study are likely to be suitable for femoral graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the femoral tunnel being created via anteromedial approach.
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2013
We evaluated the functional status and postoperative complications of bipolar hemiarthroplasty pa... more We evaluated the functional status and postoperative complications of bipolar hemiarthroplasty patients with femoral neck fractures, which we operated using anterior and posterior approaches. Between November 2007 and February 2011, 224 patients were evaluated according to their surgical exposure type in two groups. The first group, which was approached anteriorly to the joint capsule, included 92 patients, and the second group, approached posteriorly, included 132 patients. The mean follow-up period for group 1 was 16.4 months and for group 2 was 18.9 months. Harris hip score of group 1 was 81.7 and of group 2 was 79.2. In group 1, 19 patients had very good, 52 patients good, 15 patients moderate, and 6 patients insufficient results. In group 2, 29 patients had very good, 74 patients good, 21 patients moderate, and 8 patients insufficient results. Although we had higher hip dislocation and infection rates in group 2, there were no statistical differences between the two groups. Sur...
Dicle Medical Journal / Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 2014
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological results of intraarticular distal ... more Objective: We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological results of intraarticular distal radius fractures which treated with volar locking plates. Methods: Twenty-eight patient (mean age 44.6; range 19-74) with intraarticular distal radius fracture were treated with volar locking plate. Of these 18 were type B, and 10 were type C. Mean follow-up was 19 months. Patients were evaluated with MAYO score, and DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaire. Shortening, radial inclination and palmar tilt were recorded. Uninjured wrist was used for comparison. Results: Union was achieved in all fractures. MAYO score revealed excellent results in 6 patients, good in 7 patients, satisfactory in 14 patients, and poor in 1 patients at the latest follow-up. The mean postoperative DASH score was 16.4 (range, 0-76). The mean radial inclination loss was 0.9 degrees and mean palmar tilt loss was 6.9 degrees when compared to uninjured wrist. Active flexion was 56.3°, extension was 52.5°, supination was 74.2° and pronation was 70.7°. Extensor tenosynovitis was observed in four patients, fleksor pollisis longus tenosynovitis in two, carpal tunnel syndrome in two, superficial infection in one, sudeck atrophy in one. Conclusion: Volar locking plates maintain adequate stability with satisfactory functional results in the treatment of intraarticular distal radius fractures. However, flexor and extensor tendon problems, entrapment of median nerve and reflex sympathetic dystrophy should be kept in mind which might be encountered. In case of tenosynivitis, if union had been achieved the implants should be removed without delay.
Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2014
AMAÇ: Klavikula kırıklarının tedavisinde kabul gören yaklaşım konservatif yöntemler olmakla berab... more AMAÇ: Klavikula kırıklarının tedavisinde kabul gören yaklaşım konservatif yöntemler olmakla beraber deplase ve parçalı kırıklarda cerrahi tedavi önerilmektedir. Cerrahi tedavide ise açık repozisyon ve plak vida uygulamaları yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamızda Edinburg tip 2b klavikula diyafiz kırığı olan, açık repozisyon ve anatomik kilitli klavikula plağı ile tedavi edilmiş olan 31 hastanın radyolojik ve klinik sonuçları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan 31 hastanın 32 klavikula cisim kırığının 17'si sağ ve 15'i sol taraf idi. Olguların 24'ü erkek, 7'si kadın ve ortalama yaş 28 (15-62) yıl idi. Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 12.3 (6-36) ay ve kaynama 15.2 (12-20) hafta idi. Tip 2 b2 kırığı olan hastalardan üç tanesinde kaynama süresi 12 haftadan uzun idi. Hastaların kaynama sonrasındaki Constant skorlaması 92 (85-98) ve DASH değerleri 9 (2-20) olarak belirlendi. 32 klavikula kırığının üçünde (%9) implant bağlı sorun belirlendi. SONUÇ: Klavikula cisim kırıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde anatomik kilitli klavikula plakları ile fonksiyonel ve radyolojik olarak başarılı sonuçlar alınabilmektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Klavikula diafiz kırığı; kilitli anatomik klavikula plağı.