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Papers by singam swamy

Water

Macrophytes have the potential to withstand pollutant-induced stress and can be used to clean con... more Macrophytes have the potential to withstand pollutant-induced stress and can be used to clean contaminated water using phyto-extraction, phyto-degradation, phyto-filtration, phyto-stimulation, and phyto-volatilization technique(s). Phytoremediation through constructed wetlands (CWs) for eliminating inorganic and organic pollutants from household sewage and wastewater has attracted scientific attention. CWs are artificially engineered treatment systems that utilize natural cycles or processes involving soils, wetland vegetation, and plant and soil-associated microbial assemblages to remediate contaminated water and improve its quality. Herein, we present a detailed assessment of contaminant removal effectiveness in different CW systems, i.e., free-water surface or surface-flow constructed wetlands (FWSCWs/SFCWs), subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (SSFCWs), and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs). Several wetland floral species have been reported as potential phytoremediators, effec...

Environmental science and engineering, 2022

Springer International Publishing eBooks, 2022

Land Degradation & Development

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the floristics, structure and diversity of dry tropical... more The present study was conducted to assess the floristics, structure and diversity of dry tropical forests in buffer zone of Achanakmaar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. The biosphere is well recognized for its species richness and biological diversity. However, the increasing anthropogenic activities are causing rapid degradation of native ecosystem, especially the buffer and transition zones are severely affected and becoming ecologically fragile by disappearance of many valuable species. A line transect survey was conducted for inventorying floristic composition. The quadratic sampling approach was employed for determining the structure and diversity of forest types. Results on floristic composition shows that existence of forty three (43) species represented by 24 families, 13 species by 9 families and 16 species by 11 families in tree, shrub and herbaceous layers, respectively. The five vegetation types viz., Mixed Forest, Mixed Sal, Mixed Teak, Teak Mixed and Bamboo Brakes were identified. Density of trees ranged from 246 to 865 trees ha-1. It was highest in Mixed Sal Forest and lowest in Bamboo Brakes. Average crop height and basal area of trees varied from 9.1 to 14.5 m and 12.1 to 29.9 m 2 ha-1. Shannon index values in tree layer ranged from 0.61 to 3.07 among different vegetation types in tree layer. It was highest in Mixed Forest and lowest in Teak Mixed Forest. Simpson index values ranged for 0.064 to 0.74, which was found to be highest in Bamboo Brakes and lowest under Mixed Forest. The Evenness Index values ranged for 0.297 to 0.864, Margalef , s Index from 5.30 to16.9. Beta Diversity across vegetation types ranged from 2.96 to 3.60. Mixed Forest showed highest beta diversity. The paper discusses implications of forest management for rehabilitation to conserve the fragile vegetation types of AABR.

Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

The anthropogenic activities are alarmingly increasing the concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphe... more The anthropogenic activities are alarmingly increasing the concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere leading to the climate change. Agriculture ecosystem especially tropical agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change posing a serious threat on food, nutritional security and livelihoods of poor farming communities. Agroforestry technologies indeed offer viable opportunity to mitigating the atmospheric accumulation of CO 2 and other Greenhouse gases, and potential for transforming to resilient farming systems and further help smallholder farmers of many tropical countries like India for adapting to climate change. However, the magnitude of C sequestration in many agroforestry systems is still unknown, which primarily depends on the choice of tree species and managerial practices. The present study corresponds to a part of the long term project on Gmelina arborea, Populus deltoides and Ceiba pentandra based agroforestry systems evaluated for C storage potentials in sub-humid tropics Chhattisgarh, India. At 5 years age, total biomass varied from 12.9 Mg ha-1 to 25.1 Mg ha-1 in C. pentandra, while 9.9 Mg ha-1 to 21.4 Mg ha-1 in G. arborea. The biomass was greater under narrow tree spacing. A significant growth and biomass variation was also exhibited by P. deltoides clones, where the total biomass ranged from 48.5 Mg ha-1 to 62.2 Mg ha-1. At 5 years age, total C storage in G. arborea stands ranged from 4.3 to 9.4 Mg ha-1 , P. deltoides from 22.5 to 30.1 Mg ha-1 and C. pentandra from 4.5 to 10.1 Mg ha-1. Soil organic C significantly enhanced under agroforestry system. Soil organic C in G. arborea stands increased from 6.8% to 11.9%, P. deltoides from 12.7% to 20.6%, and C. pentandra from 5.5% to 14.5% under different treatments. P. deltoides showed the greater potential for C sequestration than G. arborea and C. pentandra under agroforestry system. Clones 65/27 and D121 of P. deltoides were found outstanding and suggested to adopt under agroforestry. Soybean and wheat yields were decreased under agroforestry systems, which advocate introducing appropriate tree management practices to improve the complementarity to exploit synergies between tree and crop components. The paper discusses the management implications and strategies for sustainable tree-crop production and improving C sequestration under agroforestry systems for mitigating the climate change.

Land Degradation & Development

Indigenous People and Nature

International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012

Productivity of wheat were studied under five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of... more Productivity of wheat were studied under five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of Populus deltoides in agrisilviculture system.. Grain yield of wheat varied from 25.5 to 36.6 q ha-1 and straw yield from 34.9 to 60.7 q ha-1. The yields were highest in sole wheat and reduced under poplar clones from 15 to 30.3% and from 22.7 to 42.5%, respectively. The reduction of wheat yields in different clones was in the order: G3<S7C1<D121<65/27<G48. The study suggested adopting lopping, root hoeing and nutrient management practices in poplar clones G48 and 65/27 to minimize yield losses in wheat under these clones. 0 N latitude. Poplar wood is an important source of plywood, paper pulp and match splint industries. It is usually managed in 6-8 year rotation cycle under agroforestry system. Owing to its rapid growth, high biomass, adoptability, early economic returns and compatability with crops prompted to introduce poplars in agroforestry systems in Chhattisgarh, central India. Poplar was first introduced in the state during 1995 (Puri et al. 2002). Poplar clones are gener- ally leafless (deciduous) during winter (November-February), but some clones do not shed their foliage completely and thus exerts strong competition for light with understorey crops. The presence of such phenological behaviour in poplars could influ- ence the microclimate and affect the physiological processes in intercrops. Further, several poplar clones are believed to be shallow rooted and could cause strong competition with under- storey crops for sharing nutrients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess productivity in wheat under different clones of P. deltoides in agrisilviculture system

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: (ICAMCCT 2021)

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and anticorrosive inhibition behaviour of copper doped ceriu... more Evaluation of antibacterial activity and anticorrosive inhibition behaviour of copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu-CeO 2 NPs)

Foods, 2021

Despite significant evidence base on quantifying ecosystem services, the role of biodiversity in ... more Despite significant evidence base on quantifying ecosystem services, the role of biodiversity in supporting such services in diversified landscapes, and how indigenous communities exploit, utilize and manage plant resources in a biocultural regime, remains understudied. This study examines the role of wild edible plants (WEPs) in meeting the food, nutrition and household income of indigenous communities under the biodiversity rich landscape of the Achanakmaar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR—22°15′ to 22°58′ N latitudes and 81°25′ to 82°5′ East longitudes) of Central India. Results revealed remarkable differences among Baiga, Gond, Kol, and Oraon ethnic communities and also location (core, buffer and transition) effect on utilization pattern of wild edibles. A sum total of 172 WEPs comprising 60 vegetables, 70 fruits, seeds and nuts, 23 underground tubers and 19 mushrooms were collected, consumed, and surplus were marketed by the communities. On average, the number of wild edibles...

A bstract Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, an important multipurpose tree prized source of biodiesel... more A bstract Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, an important multipurpose tree prized source of biodiesel, is difficult to propagate commercially either by stem / root cuttings or layering. The present investigation is carried out to regenerate the species through stem cuttings with different doses of auxins in juvenile and mature stem cuttings during three seasons. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was found to be effective auxin in inducing rooting. The 800 mg L−1 IBA was outstanding and yielded over 80% rooting in juvenile cuttings. Cuttings taken from juvenile plants gave significantly higher rooting than those from mature trees, irrespective of auxin treatment and season. Among three seasons, spring (March) was the best for rooting of mature stem cuttings that yielded almost 60% rooting with 800 mg L−1 IBA treatment. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed that the linear, quadratic and quartic effects together explained 99.98% variation for rooting, 99.04% for root number, 99.96% for root lengt...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Water

Macrophytes have the potential to withstand pollutant-induced stress and can be used to clean con... more Macrophytes have the potential to withstand pollutant-induced stress and can be used to clean contaminated water using phyto-extraction, phyto-degradation, phyto-filtration, phyto-stimulation, and phyto-volatilization technique(s). Phytoremediation through constructed wetlands (CWs) for eliminating inorganic and organic pollutants from household sewage and wastewater has attracted scientific attention. CWs are artificially engineered treatment systems that utilize natural cycles or processes involving soils, wetland vegetation, and plant and soil-associated microbial assemblages to remediate contaminated water and improve its quality. Herein, we present a detailed assessment of contaminant removal effectiveness in different CW systems, i.e., free-water surface or surface-flow constructed wetlands (FWSCWs/SFCWs), subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (SSFCWs), and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs). Several wetland floral species have been reported as potential phytoremediators, effec...

Environmental science and engineering, 2022

Springer International Publishing eBooks, 2022

Land Degradation & Development

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the floristics, structure and diversity of dry tropical... more The present study was conducted to assess the floristics, structure and diversity of dry tropical forests in buffer zone of Achanakmaar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. The biosphere is well recognized for its species richness and biological diversity. However, the increasing anthropogenic activities are causing rapid degradation of native ecosystem, especially the buffer and transition zones are severely affected and becoming ecologically fragile by disappearance of many valuable species. A line transect survey was conducted for inventorying floristic composition. The quadratic sampling approach was employed for determining the structure and diversity of forest types. Results on floristic composition shows that existence of forty three (43) species represented by 24 families, 13 species by 9 families and 16 species by 11 families in tree, shrub and herbaceous layers, respectively. The five vegetation types viz., Mixed Forest, Mixed Sal, Mixed Teak, Teak Mixed and Bamboo Brakes were identified. Density of trees ranged from 246 to 865 trees ha-1. It was highest in Mixed Sal Forest and lowest in Bamboo Brakes. Average crop height and basal area of trees varied from 9.1 to 14.5 m and 12.1 to 29.9 m 2 ha-1. Shannon index values in tree layer ranged from 0.61 to 3.07 among different vegetation types in tree layer. It was highest in Mixed Forest and lowest in Teak Mixed Forest. Simpson index values ranged for 0.064 to 0.74, which was found to be highest in Bamboo Brakes and lowest under Mixed Forest. The Evenness Index values ranged for 0.297 to 0.864, Margalef , s Index from 5.30 to16.9. Beta Diversity across vegetation types ranged from 2.96 to 3.60. Mixed Forest showed highest beta diversity. The paper discusses implications of forest management for rehabilitation to conserve the fragile vegetation types of AABR.

Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

The anthropogenic activities are alarmingly increasing the concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphe... more The anthropogenic activities are alarmingly increasing the concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere leading to the climate change. Agriculture ecosystem especially tropical agriculture is most vulnerable to climate change posing a serious threat on food, nutritional security and livelihoods of poor farming communities. Agroforestry technologies indeed offer viable opportunity to mitigating the atmospheric accumulation of CO 2 and other Greenhouse gases, and potential for transforming to resilient farming systems and further help smallholder farmers of many tropical countries like India for adapting to climate change. However, the magnitude of C sequestration in many agroforestry systems is still unknown, which primarily depends on the choice of tree species and managerial practices. The present study corresponds to a part of the long term project on Gmelina arborea, Populus deltoides and Ceiba pentandra based agroforestry systems evaluated for C storage potentials in sub-humid tropics Chhattisgarh, India. At 5 years age, total biomass varied from 12.9 Mg ha-1 to 25.1 Mg ha-1 in C. pentandra, while 9.9 Mg ha-1 to 21.4 Mg ha-1 in G. arborea. The biomass was greater under narrow tree spacing. A significant growth and biomass variation was also exhibited by P. deltoides clones, where the total biomass ranged from 48.5 Mg ha-1 to 62.2 Mg ha-1. At 5 years age, total C storage in G. arborea stands ranged from 4.3 to 9.4 Mg ha-1 , P. deltoides from 22.5 to 30.1 Mg ha-1 and C. pentandra from 4.5 to 10.1 Mg ha-1. Soil organic C significantly enhanced under agroforestry system. Soil organic C in G. arborea stands increased from 6.8% to 11.9%, P. deltoides from 12.7% to 20.6%, and C. pentandra from 5.5% to 14.5% under different treatments. P. deltoides showed the greater potential for C sequestration than G. arborea and C. pentandra under agroforestry system. Clones 65/27 and D121 of P. deltoides were found outstanding and suggested to adopt under agroforestry. Soybean and wheat yields were decreased under agroforestry systems, which advocate introducing appropriate tree management practices to improve the complementarity to exploit synergies between tree and crop components. The paper discusses the management implications and strategies for sustainable tree-crop production and improving C sequestration under agroforestry systems for mitigating the climate change.

Land Degradation & Development

Indigenous People and Nature

International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012

Productivity of wheat were studied under five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of... more Productivity of wheat were studied under five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of Populus deltoides in agrisilviculture system.. Grain yield of wheat varied from 25.5 to 36.6 q ha-1 and straw yield from 34.9 to 60.7 q ha-1. The yields were highest in sole wheat and reduced under poplar clones from 15 to 30.3% and from 22.7 to 42.5%, respectively. The reduction of wheat yields in different clones was in the order: G3<S7C1<D121<65/27<G48. The study suggested adopting lopping, root hoeing and nutrient management practices in poplar clones G48 and 65/27 to minimize yield losses in wheat under these clones. 0 N latitude. Poplar wood is an important source of plywood, paper pulp and match splint industries. It is usually managed in 6-8 year rotation cycle under agroforestry system. Owing to its rapid growth, high biomass, adoptability, early economic returns and compatability with crops prompted to introduce poplars in agroforestry systems in Chhattisgarh, central India. Poplar was first introduced in the state during 1995 (Puri et al. 2002). Poplar clones are gener- ally leafless (deciduous) during winter (November-February), but some clones do not shed their foliage completely and thus exerts strong competition for light with understorey crops. The presence of such phenological behaviour in poplars could influ- ence the microclimate and affect the physiological processes in intercrops. Further, several poplar clones are believed to be shallow rooted and could cause strong competition with under- storey crops for sharing nutrients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess productivity in wheat under different clones of P. deltoides in agrisilviculture system

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: (ICAMCCT 2021)

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and anticorrosive inhibition behaviour of copper doped ceriu... more Evaluation of antibacterial activity and anticorrosive inhibition behaviour of copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu-CeO 2 NPs)

Foods, 2021

Despite significant evidence base on quantifying ecosystem services, the role of biodiversity in ... more Despite significant evidence base on quantifying ecosystem services, the role of biodiversity in supporting such services in diversified landscapes, and how indigenous communities exploit, utilize and manage plant resources in a biocultural regime, remains understudied. This study examines the role of wild edible plants (WEPs) in meeting the food, nutrition and household income of indigenous communities under the biodiversity rich landscape of the Achanakmaar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR—22°15′ to 22°58′ N latitudes and 81°25′ to 82°5′ East longitudes) of Central India. Results revealed remarkable differences among Baiga, Gond, Kol, and Oraon ethnic communities and also location (core, buffer and transition) effect on utilization pattern of wild edibles. A sum total of 172 WEPs comprising 60 vegetables, 70 fruits, seeds and nuts, 23 underground tubers and 19 mushrooms were collected, consumed, and surplus were marketed by the communities. On average, the number of wild edibles...

A bstract Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, an important multipurpose tree prized source of biodiesel... more A bstract Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, an important multipurpose tree prized source of biodiesel, is difficult to propagate commercially either by stem / root cuttings or layering. The present investigation is carried out to regenerate the species through stem cuttings with different doses of auxins in juvenile and mature stem cuttings during three seasons. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was found to be effective auxin in inducing rooting. The 800 mg L−1 IBA was outstanding and yielded over 80% rooting in juvenile cuttings. Cuttings taken from juvenile plants gave significantly higher rooting than those from mature trees, irrespective of auxin treatment and season. Among three seasons, spring (March) was the best for rooting of mature stem cuttings that yielded almost 60% rooting with 800 mg L−1 IBA treatment. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed that the linear, quadratic and quartic effects together explained 99.98% variation for rooting, 99.04% for root number, 99.96% for root lengt...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Environmental Science and Pollution Research