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Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge Assessment on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Practice among Female University Students in Kedah, Malaysia

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2021

Objective: To review the knowledge on breast cancer (BC), breast self-examination (BSE) and clini... more Objective: To review the knowledge on breast cancer (BC), breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) practices among female university students in a private University, Malaysia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a private university teaching medical and healthcare courses in Malaysia. Simple random sampling method was used. A structured questionnaire consisting of 4 sections was used for data collection. Data obtained were coded and SPSS Statistics (version 25) was used for analysis. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage whereas chi-square test was used to find the association between two different categorical variables. Results: A total of n=309 responses were collected from female students in a private university in Malaysia. The mean age of the respondents was 20.58 years (SD = 1.479, range = 19 - 30). One tenth of the respondents had family history of breast cancer [32 (10.4%)]. 304 students (98.4%) have hea...

Research paper thumbnail of Future Career Preferences of Final Year Bachelor of Pharmacy Students upon Graduation from Public and Private Universities in the Northern Region of Malaysia

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2021

Objectives: To identify the future career preferences among graduating pharmacy students from pub... more Objectives: To identify the future career preferences among graduating pharmacy students from public and private universities in the northern region of Malaysia and exploring factors influencing the respondents’ choice to work in future as well as their expected starting monthly salary. Methods: A questionnaire based, cross sectional study was conducted among final year Bachelor of Pharmacy students from one public and one private universities in the northern region of Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Key finding: A total of 175 respondents participated in the study. 72.60% of respondents were female. In terms of ethnicity, 63.40% of the respondents were Chinese, 20.00% were Malay, 11.40% were Indian and 5.10% were of other ethnicities. Public hospital remained the first choice of area of work upon graduation for students from both public and private universities. In the public university, the working environment was the most highly ran...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, And Perception On Elder Abuse Among Healthcare Professionals And Healthcare Students In Malaysia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

In Malaysia, elder abuse is recognized as a form of domestic violence, which is widely occurring ... more In Malaysia, elder abuse is recognized as a form of domestic violence, which is widely occurring among the geriatric population across the country. However, most of the cases remain undetected and silent, which makes it very hard to assess. The knowledge, attitude, and perception of healthcare professionals and healthcare students about elder abuse play a vital role in recognizing and reporting the cases. This study was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude, and perceptions toward elder abuse. prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 151 participants were included in two groups as healthcare professionals and healthcare students. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents and the data collected were analyzed using the Chi-square test for the dichotomous variables and to look for the association between independent variables. analyzed data showed that 60 healthcare professionals and 91 healthcare students have a considerable...

Research paper thumbnail of Diabetes knowledge, attitude, and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kuala Muda District, Malaysia – A cross-sectional study

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2018

Diabetes is among leading public health concerns in Malaysia due to premature and preventable mor... more Diabetes is among leading public health concerns in Malaysia due to premature and preventable mortality involving macro and microvascular complications. Diabetes knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) are vital in diabetes management. The present study assessed the level of diabetes KAP among type 2 diabetes patients with associated and correlated factors through a self-administered questionnaire-based study on a convenience sample of 386 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia. Majority of the respondents possessed levels above the cutoff points for poor levels in knowledge (63.21%), attitude (62.69%), and practices (58.03%). Age, academic qualification, occupation, monthly income, current therapy type, comorbid diseases, and therapy preference were associated with KAP whereas the associations of disease duration, the best source of information about diabetes, and health status satisfaction were witnessed for attitude and practice. Academic qualification had strongest correlation for knowledge (r =0.785), attitude (r =0.725), and practice (r =0.709).

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective study on medication and total parenteral nutrition practices at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 2016

Background: Neonates are vulnerable population and at high risk of developing drug-related proble... more Background: Neonates are vulnerable population and at high risk of developing drug-related problems. The extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants require extended hospital stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study was aimed to evaluate the medications and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) practices at a NICU and to evaluate the clinical significance of medicine management made by the pharmacist and to assess the perception of healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted for 7 months in the NICU of a multidisciplinary advanced super specialty hospital, accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare. This study is approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 51 neonates who met inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were collected, and all statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 Demo. Variables were compared with rho Spearman nonparametric correlations and paired t-tests. Results: The present study showed that after administration of TPN, there was a significant change in the birth weight only in ELBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates (P < 0.05). The average weight gain was more in the ELBW and VLBW groups. The study also measured the height of the preterm neonates before and after administration of TPN, and it was observed that VLBW group showed a significant increase in the height after administration of TPN (P < 0.05). About 0.27 cm average increase was observed from the VLBW group. Statistical analysis showed that head circumference gain after TPN administration was significant for birth weight <1000 g and 1000-1500 g neonates (P value 0.0192, 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: TPN and medication practices at the NICU should be highly monitored for avoiding medication errors, drug interactions, and mortality rate in neonates. The most effective method can be achieved when a clinical pharmacist become a part of it.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence on Quality of Life Among Patients with Hypothyroidism

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2015

Aim: The study is to analyze the influence of quality of life with the patients suffering from hy... more Aim: The study is to analyze the influence of quality of life with the patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for 6 months at endocrinology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism were included in our study. Parameters such as TSH, tT3 and tT4 levels were monitored and their QOL were measured by using short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires during their baseline and review visit. This study was approved by the human ethical committee. Influence of thyroid parameters over QOL scales were measured statistically using stepwise multiple linear regression and paired 't' test was used to measure the significant difference with the treatment. Results and Discussion: A total of 13 patients met the inclusion criteria of our study among 30 patients irrespective of gender, significant change in thyroid parameter with treatment with L-thyroxine was observed with TSH (p=0.0169*) and further the influence of QOL have shown some significant values, which shows the need for considering the QOL while treating hypothyroidism. Conclusion: The influence of hypothyroidism on the quality of life was observed significantly correlating with few QOL subscales.

Research paper thumbnail of Spacing Effect-based Educational Interventional Strategy to Improve Asthma Knowledge among Biomedical Students in a Private Malaysian University

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2021

Background: Asthma is a serious non-communicable disorder where the inflammation of the airways p... more Background: Asthma is a serious non-communicable disorder where the inflammation of the airways passages occurs and cause narrowing of the airways. Statistic shows approximately two millions asthmatic patients in Malaysia. So, it is important to test the knowledge of asthma among Malaysian particularly biomedical students. As biomedical students can increase the knowledge of public by educate patient and solves medical related trouble in the foreseeable future. Interventional strategies are used in this study to improve knowledge of asthma patients by providing knowledge via brochure. Objectives: To assess the potential for asthma knowledge improvement among the respondents by means of the spacing effect-based educational interventional tool. Methodology: An interventional, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted among biomedical students. 250 eligible respondents participated in the study. Initially, a self-administered questionnaire related to asthma knowledge was used to assess students' knowledge towards asthma (baseline study). Interventional tool (brochure) was distributed 1 week after collecting the returned questionnaire. In phase-2, the same questionnaire was distributed again one week after the distribution of brochure. Data collected from the respondents was analysed and interpreted. Results: The scores grade of the respondent showed 'poor' grade during the baseline study and 'moderate' grade during the second phase study. Hence, the score grade proved that asthma knowledge among the sample improved from baseline study to phase-2 study. Conclusion: The knowledge, perception, practice of asthma will be improved with the interventional tool and the spacing effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of an Interventional Educational Tool on Certain Overweight and Obesity Parameters Among the General Public in Sungai Petani, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia

Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2017

Background: Overweight and obesity prevalence are increasing in Malaysia. This epidemic has affec... more Background: Overweight and obesity prevalence are increasing in Malaysia. This epidemic has affected a very high number of children and young adults. This poses a serious health hazard, not only presently, but also for the future Malaysian adult population. Interventions aimed at educating and informing the public about the hazards of being overweight and/or obese is one of the best shots at combating this issue. Methods: This exploratory, prospective study employed a customized questionnaire (study instrument) and pre-validated handout (interventional tool). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventional tool in improving the knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities of the study sample. A change in the scores pertaining to knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities, would be indicative of the interventional tool's effectiveness. Results: 112 males and 439 females participated in this study. The point prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was 70.07%.The respondents' weight, BMI, knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities did improve significantly during the course of the study. The percentage values revealed an increase in weight, BMI and all the three domains assessed. On comparing P3 v P1, the percentage value increase (improvement) in weight, BMI, knowledge, dietary habits, physical activities, and total score was 10, 9, 35, 43.3, 17.85 and 35.7 respectively. Conclusion: The score grades of the respondents for the same parameters also showed an increase in 'moderate' and 'good' grades in P2, an increase in 'good' grades in P3, while the number of 'poor' grades which were high during the baseline study dropped markedly at the conclusion of P3.

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge Assessment on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Practice among Female University Students in Kedah, Malaysia

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2021

Objective: To review the knowledge on breast cancer (BC), breast self-examination (BSE) and clini... more Objective: To review the knowledge on breast cancer (BC), breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) practices among female university students in a private University, Malaysia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a private university teaching medical and healthcare courses in Malaysia. Simple random sampling method was used. A structured questionnaire consisting of 4 sections was used for data collection. Data obtained were coded and SPSS Statistics (version 25) was used for analysis. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage whereas chi-square test was used to find the association between two different categorical variables. Results: A total of n=309 responses were collected from female students in a private university in Malaysia. The mean age of the respondents was 20.58 years (SD = 1.479, range = 19 - 30). One tenth of the respondents had family history of breast cancer [32 (10.4%)]. 304 students (98.4%) have hea...

Research paper thumbnail of Future Career Preferences of Final Year Bachelor of Pharmacy Students upon Graduation from Public and Private Universities in the Northern Region of Malaysia

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2021

Objectives: To identify the future career preferences among graduating pharmacy students from pub... more Objectives: To identify the future career preferences among graduating pharmacy students from public and private universities in the northern region of Malaysia and exploring factors influencing the respondents’ choice to work in future as well as their expected starting monthly salary. Methods: A questionnaire based, cross sectional study was conducted among final year Bachelor of Pharmacy students from one public and one private universities in the northern region of Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Key finding: A total of 175 respondents participated in the study. 72.60% of respondents were female. In terms of ethnicity, 63.40% of the respondents were Chinese, 20.00% were Malay, 11.40% were Indian and 5.10% were of other ethnicities. Public hospital remained the first choice of area of work upon graduation for students from both public and private universities. In the public university, the working environment was the most highly ran...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge, Attitude, And Perception On Elder Abuse Among Healthcare Professionals And Healthcare Students In Malaysia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

In Malaysia, elder abuse is recognized as a form of domestic violence, which is widely occurring ... more In Malaysia, elder abuse is recognized as a form of domestic violence, which is widely occurring among the geriatric population across the country. However, most of the cases remain undetected and silent, which makes it very hard to assess. The knowledge, attitude, and perception of healthcare professionals and healthcare students about elder abuse play a vital role in recognizing and reporting the cases. This study was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude, and perceptions toward elder abuse. prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 151 participants were included in two groups as healthcare professionals and healthcare students. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents and the data collected were analyzed using the Chi-square test for the dichotomous variables and to look for the association between independent variables. analyzed data showed that 60 healthcare professionals and 91 healthcare students have a considerable...

Research paper thumbnail of Diabetes knowledge, attitude, and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kuala Muda District, Malaysia – A cross-sectional study

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2018

Diabetes is among leading public health concerns in Malaysia due to premature and preventable mor... more Diabetes is among leading public health concerns in Malaysia due to premature and preventable mortality involving macro and microvascular complications. Diabetes knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) are vital in diabetes management. The present study assessed the level of diabetes KAP among type 2 diabetes patients with associated and correlated factors through a self-administered questionnaire-based study on a convenience sample of 386 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia. Majority of the respondents possessed levels above the cutoff points for poor levels in knowledge (63.21%), attitude (62.69%), and practices (58.03%). Age, academic qualification, occupation, monthly income, current therapy type, comorbid diseases, and therapy preference were associated with KAP whereas the associations of disease duration, the best source of information about diabetes, and health status satisfaction were witnessed for attitude and practice. Academic qualification had strongest correlation for knowledge (r =0.785), attitude (r =0.725), and practice (r =0.709).

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective study on medication and total parenteral nutrition practices at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 2016

Background: Neonates are vulnerable population and at high risk of developing drug-related proble... more Background: Neonates are vulnerable population and at high risk of developing drug-related problems. The extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants require extended hospital stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study was aimed to evaluate the medications and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) practices at a NICU and to evaluate the clinical significance of medicine management made by the pharmacist and to assess the perception of healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted for 7 months in the NICU of a multidisciplinary advanced super specialty hospital, accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare. This study is approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 51 neonates who met inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were collected, and all statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 Demo. Variables were compared with rho Spearman nonparametric correlations and paired t-tests. Results: The present study showed that after administration of TPN, there was a significant change in the birth weight only in ELBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates (P < 0.05). The average weight gain was more in the ELBW and VLBW groups. The study also measured the height of the preterm neonates before and after administration of TPN, and it was observed that VLBW group showed a significant increase in the height after administration of TPN (P < 0.05). About 0.27 cm average increase was observed from the VLBW group. Statistical analysis showed that head circumference gain after TPN administration was significant for birth weight <1000 g and 1000-1500 g neonates (P value 0.0192, 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: TPN and medication practices at the NICU should be highly monitored for avoiding medication errors, drug interactions, and mortality rate in neonates. The most effective method can be achieved when a clinical pharmacist become a part of it.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence on Quality of Life Among Patients with Hypothyroidism

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2015

Aim: The study is to analyze the influence of quality of life with the patients suffering from hy... more Aim: The study is to analyze the influence of quality of life with the patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for 6 months at endocrinology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism were included in our study. Parameters such as TSH, tT3 and tT4 levels were monitored and their QOL were measured by using short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires during their baseline and review visit. This study was approved by the human ethical committee. Influence of thyroid parameters over QOL scales were measured statistically using stepwise multiple linear regression and paired 't' test was used to measure the significant difference with the treatment. Results and Discussion: A total of 13 patients met the inclusion criteria of our study among 30 patients irrespective of gender, significant change in thyroid parameter with treatment with L-thyroxine was observed with TSH (p=0.0169*) and further the influence of QOL have shown some significant values, which shows the need for considering the QOL while treating hypothyroidism. Conclusion: The influence of hypothyroidism on the quality of life was observed significantly correlating with few QOL subscales.

Research paper thumbnail of Spacing Effect-based Educational Interventional Strategy to Improve Asthma Knowledge among Biomedical Students in a Private Malaysian University

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2021

Background: Asthma is a serious non-communicable disorder where the inflammation of the airways p... more Background: Asthma is a serious non-communicable disorder where the inflammation of the airways passages occurs and cause narrowing of the airways. Statistic shows approximately two millions asthmatic patients in Malaysia. So, it is important to test the knowledge of asthma among Malaysian particularly biomedical students. As biomedical students can increase the knowledge of public by educate patient and solves medical related trouble in the foreseeable future. Interventional strategies are used in this study to improve knowledge of asthma patients by providing knowledge via brochure. Objectives: To assess the potential for asthma knowledge improvement among the respondents by means of the spacing effect-based educational interventional tool. Methodology: An interventional, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted among biomedical students. 250 eligible respondents participated in the study. Initially, a self-administered questionnaire related to asthma knowledge was used to assess students' knowledge towards asthma (baseline study). Interventional tool (brochure) was distributed 1 week after collecting the returned questionnaire. In phase-2, the same questionnaire was distributed again one week after the distribution of brochure. Data collected from the respondents was analysed and interpreted. Results: The scores grade of the respondent showed 'poor' grade during the baseline study and 'moderate' grade during the second phase study. Hence, the score grade proved that asthma knowledge among the sample improved from baseline study to phase-2 study. Conclusion: The knowledge, perception, practice of asthma will be improved with the interventional tool and the spacing effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of an Interventional Educational Tool on Certain Overweight and Obesity Parameters Among the General Public in Sungai Petani, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia

Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2017

Background: Overweight and obesity prevalence are increasing in Malaysia. This epidemic has affec... more Background: Overweight and obesity prevalence are increasing in Malaysia. This epidemic has affected a very high number of children and young adults. This poses a serious health hazard, not only presently, but also for the future Malaysian adult population. Interventions aimed at educating and informing the public about the hazards of being overweight and/or obese is one of the best shots at combating this issue. Methods: This exploratory, prospective study employed a customized questionnaire (study instrument) and pre-validated handout (interventional tool). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventional tool in improving the knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities of the study sample. A change in the scores pertaining to knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities, would be indicative of the interventional tool's effectiveness. Results: 112 males and 439 females participated in this study. The point prevalence of overweight and obesity combined was 70.07%.The respondents' weight, BMI, knowledge, dietary habits and physical activities did improve significantly during the course of the study. The percentage values revealed an increase in weight, BMI and all the three domains assessed. On comparing P3 v P1, the percentage value increase (improvement) in weight, BMI, knowledge, dietary habits, physical activities, and total score was 10, 9, 35, 43.3, 17.85 and 35.7 respectively. Conclusion: The score grades of the respondents for the same parameters also showed an increase in 'moderate' and 'good' grades in P2, an increase in 'good' grades in P3, while the number of 'poor' grades which were high during the baseline study dropped markedly at the conclusion of P3.