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Papers by sowmya shivappa

Journal of Laboratory Physicians

Elizabethkingia is ubiquitary aerobic bacillus abundantly found in the community as well as hospi... more Elizabethkingia is ubiquitary aerobic bacillus abundantly found in the community as well as hospital environments. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial pathogen with an elemental ability to acclimate and survive in diversified environmental circumstances. Prompt diagnosis and an early therapeutic intervention are preponderant in the management of these infections. We report a case of meningitis with septicemia caused by E. meningoseptica in a 1-day-old outborn neonate. The child was stabilized with anticonvulsants and, based on laboratory findings, the neonate was started on ciprofloxacin in addition to symptomatic management. The child responded well to the treatment and was discharged on day 7 after treatment initiation. Perceptive treatment protocols backed with accurate laboratory evidence remain instrumental to avert unpropitious outcomes while combatting rare multidrug-resistant opportunistic infections.

Iranian Journal of Microbiology

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major organism accounting for... more Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major organism accounting for hospital acquired infections particularly in intensive care units. Due to production of different kinds of beta lactamases these bacteria have developed drug resistance rendering the treatment of such infections very difficult and expensive. Rapid identification of A. baumannii producing such beta-lactamases is the need of the hour in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with A. baumannii infections. Materials and Methods: A. baumannii was isolated from clinical samples like endotracheal aspirates, sputum, urine, exu- dates using standard culture techniques. Identification and drug sensitivity was done using Vitek 2 system. All the isolates were subjected to detection of ESBLs using phenotypic confirmatory test, plasmid mediated AmpC beta- lactamase by AmpC disc test, Carbapenemase production by CarbAcineto NP Test and Modified hodge method. Results: 149 A. baumannii isolates wer...

National Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2018

Introduction: To detect Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus colonisation in health care p... more Introduction: To detect Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus colonisation in health care professionals with different levels of exposure to the hospital environment and those with no exposure to the same. Materials and Methods: Swabs were collected from the anterior nares, finger web-spaces and posterior pharyngeal wall of 100 health care professionals and 100 first year medical students. The swabs were cultured on Oxacillin resistance screen agar for 48 hours in ambient air at 35 degree Celsius. The plates were examined at 24 and 48 hours for the presence of blue coloured colonies. Results: The MRSA colonisation rate was 16% among the health care professionals and 4% among the first year medical students (p=0.005). Conclusion: More number of the heath care professionals exposed to the hospital environment were colonised with MRSA compared to those who were not exposed. It was also noted that increased exposure to the hospital environment, increased the rate of MRSA colonisat...

Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2017

Background and Objectives: Despite improvements in modern diagnosis and therapies, hospital acqui... more Background and Objectives: Despite improvements in modern diagnosis and therapies, hospital acquired infections remain a leading problem of global health systems. Healthcare workers mobile phones is a reservoir for potential pathogens. Despite the high possibility of being contaminated, mobile phones are rarely clean and are often touched during or after examination of patients and handling of specimens without proper hand washing. The main objective of the present study was to isolate, identify different types of bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity from mobile phones of healthcare workers and non-health-care workers. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected aseptically by rolling over the exposed surfaces of the mobile phones inoculated on the agar plates and incubated aerobically. After incubation, plates were examined for growth. Bacteria were identified and antibiotic sensitivity was tested as per standard microbiological procedures. Results: In this study a total of ...

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021

Dengue fever is one of the common viral illnesses linked with significant morbidity and mortality... more Dengue fever is one of the common viral illnesses linked with significant morbidity and mortality. Of late, there is rapid increase in dengue cases in India. The present study aimed to known dengue seropositivity in different seasons of a year, other laboratory parameters and its geographical distribution. During the study period of 15 months 4172 patients hospitalized with probable dengue fever were included. Dengue serology was done for all cases by ELISA(J. Mitra & Co). Demographic details were taken to create geographical maps of the disease. Of the 4172 suspected dengue cases, 817 had confirmed dengue illness. Of these 817 cases, 584 showed Ns1 antigen (71.4%), 150 IgM antibody (18.3%), and 38 had both Ns1 and Ig M (4.6%). Platelet count less than 1,00,000 were seen in 566 (69.27%) patients. Dengue was noticeably more during monsoon time (June to September) of a year. Through geographical maps major clusters were noticed urban areas of Mysuru and Krishnaraja Nagara , while few ...

Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2017

Aims: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton are the genera of dermatophytes causing superf... more Aims: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton are the genera of dermatophytes causing superficial mycoses. These infections are on rise due to increase in immunocompromised patients and favorable environmental conditions in countries like India. The present study was undertaken to identify dermatophytes causing superficial fungal infection by microscopy and culture techniques which helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cases. Methodology and results: Samples were collected from affected sites after cleaning the affected surface with 70% alcohol. All samples were microscopically examined for presence of hyphal structures by digesting in 10% to 40% KOH solution. All samples were inoculated into Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for four weeks. Tease mount technique and slide culture technique were used for identification of dermatophytes. One hundred and ten samples from clinically suspected dermatophytoses which includes 77(70%) from male and 33(30%) from female patients were processed for identification of dermatophytes. Samples were subjected to microscopy and culture. In 61 samples (54.54%) fungal hyphae were seen by direct microscopic examination (KOH). Fifty six samples (50%) yielded dermatophyte growth in culture. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species isolated followed by T. violaceum and T. mentagrophytes. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of superficial fungal infection is essential for proper management of cases. Direct microscopy is very good method for routine diagnosis, however culture remains gold standard.

Journal of The Academy of Clinical Microbiologists, 2019

Gram's stain is an invaluable, simple and inexpensive staining technique which gives a clue t... more Gram's stain is an invaluable, simple and inexpensive staining technique which gives a clue to the aetiological bacterial agent, thus helping in choosing the appropriate antibiotic. The significance of Gram's stain in bone marrow aspirate has not been described in previous literature. This is the case report of a child who presented with fever of unknown origin, where all high-end investigations proved inconclusive, but Gram's stain of bone marrow showed both extra-cellular and intra-cellular gram-positive cocci in clusters morphologically resembling Staphylococcus. This report helped the paediatricians choose the right antibiotic that proved to be a lifesaver of the child.

Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2019

PURPOSE: Multidrug-resistant organisms causing community-acquired and hospital-acquired infection... more PURPOSE: Multidrug-resistant organisms causing community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections are increasing at a dangerous rate. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species are an important source of concern since these organisms are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics but also show cross-resistance to other groups of antibiotics. In the present study, rapid detection of these carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species by carbapenemase Nordmann–Poirel (Carba NP) test was evaluated by comparing with modified Hodge test (MHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species isolated from various samples such as pus, blood, sputum, urine, and endotracheal aspirates were processed for carbapenemase detection by MHT and Carba NP test. Kappa analysis was done to evaluate the percentage agreement between the two tests. RESULTS: Seventy imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas is...

Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, Mar 1, 2017

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing bacterial infection of skin lesions, such ... more Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing bacterial infection of skin lesions, such as burns, traumatic lesions, diabetic ulcers and post operative infections. The most common organism isolated from wound infections in our hospital is Staphylococcus and there have been several reports of MRSA isolates from pus samples during previous years. The aim of the present work is to study the rate of Staphylococcal wound infection and also to know the Antibiogram of Methicillin Sensitive and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus samples were identified based on colony morphology, Gram stain, Catalase and Coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion was performed by Kirby Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Out of 595 samples collected, 534 [89.7 %] yielded growth of one or more bacterial species. Among 534 culture positive samples, 152 yielded pure growth of only staphylococcal species. 40.3% of the wound infections were caused by Staphylococcus species and among them 81.7% were caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The overall rate of MRSA infection in the present study was 29.6%. Significant difference was observed in the susceptibility pattern of Methicillin Sensitive and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA continues to be a major threat in the health care setting. The increased level resistance pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus observed in our study may be due to the fact that ours is a tertiary care hospital with extensive usage of broad spectrum antibiotics leading to survival advantage and persistence of drug resistant pathogens.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014

Granulicatella elegans is a nutritionally variant streptococci generally associated with infectiv... more Granulicatella elegans is a nutritionally variant streptococci generally associated with infective endocarditis. Meningitis due to G.elegans is very rare and it has always occurred in cases following neurosurgical procedures. We report the case of acute pyogenic meningitis with bacteremia with parenteral diarrhea in a ten month old immunocompetent child without any preceding neurosurgical intervention or dental manipulations. This case emphasizes the need of high degree clinical suspicion, use of appropriate culture media for isolation and identification of G.elegans and rapid initiation of adequate antibiotic therapy.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH