Suhaib Hussain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Suhaib Hussain

Social sciences & humanities open, 2024

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 28, 2022

Background: The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on economic consequences of ... more Background: The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on economic consequences of multimorbidity on households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and its catastrophic impact. Methods: We analyzed Social Consumption Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017-2018 in India. Prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditure were estimated. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated mean OOP expenditure for individuals reporting multimorbidity and single morbidity for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission. We also estimated the catastrophic impact of multimorbidity on households. Results: Our matched sample analysis suggests that that OOP expenditure is invariably lower in case of outpatient treatment of the selected Non Communicable Diseases(NCDs) whereas in case of hospitalization, the OOP expenditures were mostly higher for the same NCD conditions in the presence of multimorbidity as compared with single conditions, except for cancers and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, around 46.7% (46.674-46.676)households reported incurring catastrophic spending (10% threshold) because of any NCD in standalone disease scenario which rose to 63.3% (63.359-63.361) under multimorbidity scenario. The catastrophic impact of cancer among the individual diseases was the highest. Conclusions: Implementing nancial risk protection measures to reduce the burden of household OOP expenditure is required at the country level.

PLOS ONE, Dec 27, 2022

The key objective of this research was to estimate out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) incurred by t... more The key objective of this research was to estimate out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) incurred by the Indian households for the treatment of childhood infections. We estimated OOPE estimates on outpatient care and hospitalization by disease conditions and type of health facilities. In addition, we also estimated OOPE as a share of households' total consumption expenditure (TCE) by MPCE quintile groups to assess the quantum of the financial burden on the households. We analyzed the Social Consumption: Health (SCH) data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round (2017-18). Outcome indicators were prevalence of selected infectious diseases in children aged less than 5 years, per episode of OOPE on outpatient care in the preceding 15 days, hospitalization in the preceding year and OOPE as a share of households' total consumption expenditure. Our analysis suggests that the most common childhood infection was 'fever with rash' followed by 'acute upper respiratory infection' and 'acute meningitis'. However, the highest OOPE for outpatient care and hospitalization was reported for 'viral hepatitis' and 'tuberculosis' episodes. Among the households reporting childhood infections, OOPE was 4.8% and 6.7% of households' total consumption expenditure (TCE) for outpatient care and hospitalization, respectively. Furthermore, OOPE as a share of TCE was disproportionately higher for the poorest MPCE quintiles (outpatient, 7.9%; hospitalization, 8.2%) in comparison to the richest MPCE quintiles (outpatient, 4.8%; hospitalization, 6.7%). This treatment and care-related OOPE has equity implications for Indian households as the poorest households bear a disproportionately higher burden of OOPE as a share of TCE. Ensuring financial risk protection and universal access to care for childhood illnesses is critical to addressing inequity in care.

BMC Health Services Research, Sep 12, 2022

Background: The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on the economic consequences... more Background: The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on the economic consequences of multimorbidity on households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and their implications for catastrophic OOP expenditure. Methods: We analyzed Social Consumption Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017-2018 in India. The sample included 1,13,823 households (64,552 rural and 49,271 urban) through a multistage stratified random sampling process. Prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditure were estimated. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated the mean OOP expenditure for individuals reporting multimorbidity and single morbidity for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission. We also estimated implications in terms of catastrophic OOP expenditure for households. Results: Results suggest that outpatient OOP expenditure is invariably lower in the presence of multimorbidity as compared with single conditions of the selected Non-Communicable Diseases(NCDs) (overall, INR 720 [USD 11.3] for multimorbidity vs. INR 880 [USD 14.8] for single). In the case of hospitalization, the OOP expenditures were mostly higher for the same NCD conditions in the presence of multimorbidity as compared with single conditions, except for cancers and cardiovascular diseases. For cancers and cardiovascular, OOP expenditures in the presence of multimorbidity were lower by 39% and 14% respectively). Furthermore, around 46.7% (46.674-46.676) households reported incurring catastrophic spending (10% threshold) because of any NCD in the standalone disease scenario which rose to 63.3% (63.359-63.361) under the multimorbidity scenario. The catastrophic implications of cancer among individual diseases was the highest. Conclusions: Multimorbidity leads to high and catastrophic OOP payments by households and treatment of high expenditure diseases like cancers and cardiovascular are under-financed by households in the presence of competing

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 6, 2020

BACKGROUND: Investment in human resources for health not only strengthen the health system but al... more BACKGROUND: Investment in human resources for health not only strengthen the health system but also generates employment and contributes to economic growth. India can gain from enhanced investment in health workforce in multiple ways. This study in addition to presenting updated estimates on size and composition of health workforce, identifies areas of investment in health workforce in India.

BMC Medical Education

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts a global shortfall of 18 million health w... more Background The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts a global shortfall of 18 million health workers by 2030, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. The country faces challenges such as inadequate numbers of health professionals, poor quality of personnel, and outdated teaching styles. Digital education may address some of these issues, but there is limited research on what approaches work best in the Indian context. This paper conducts a scoping review of published empirical research related to digital health professions education in India to understand strengths, weaknesses, gaps, and future research opportunities. Methods We searched four databases using a three-element search string with terms related to digital education, health professions, and India. Data was extracted from 36 included studies that reported on empirical research into digital educational innovations in the formal health professions education system of India. Data were analysed thematic...

Introduction- The increasing ageing of population with growth in NCD burden in India has put an u... more Introduction- The increasing ageing of population with growth in NCD burden in India has put an unprecedented pressure on India’s health care systems. Shortage of skilled human resources in health, particularly of specialists equipped to treat NCDs, is one of the major challenges faced in India. Keeping in view the shortage of healthcare professionals and the guidelines in NEP 2020, there is an urgent need for more health professionals who have received training in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NCDs. This paper conducts a scoping review of the published research examining digital education of health professionals within NCD topics. Methods- We searched four databases using a three-element search string with terms related to digital education, health professions, and terms related to NCD. Data was extracted from 29 included studies that reported on empirical research into digital educational related to non-communicable disease in health professionals of India. Data were ana...

PLOS ONE

Additional file 1: Appendix A-I. Classification and identification of Health workforce according ... more Additional file 1: Appendix A-I. Classification and identification of Health workforce according to NIC and NCO codes. Appendix A-II. Percentage distribution of health workforce across states. Appendix A-III. State-wise density of the Health workforce in India-2018. Appendix Table A-IV. Forecasted number of seats available annually from 2020 to 2030. Appendix Figure A-I. Distribution of HWF in India 2018 across rural and urban. Appendix Figure A-II. Distribution of HWF in India 2018 across private public settings. Appendix Figure A-III. Percentage distribution of male and female with technical education in medicine and out of labor force by age groups

Background: Literature suggest that non-communicable (NCD) diseases cause significant financial b... more Background: Literature suggest that non-communicable (NCD) diseases cause significant financial burden on the households in India. However, there is little on evidence on catastrophic impact of multimorbidity related out of pocket expenditures on the households. The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on financial implications of multimorbidity on the households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and its catastrophic impact.Methods: We analyzed the Social Consumption - Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017-2018. We estimated prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditures. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated mean OOP expenditure for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission because of multimorbidity and selected NCD for each individuals reporting one or more NCD. We also estimated the catastrophic impact of multimorbidity on the households. Results: Our matche...

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has triggered several underlying vulnerabilities with potentially... more BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has triggered several underlying vulnerabilities with potentially far reaching consequences in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Evidence of physical and socio-economic vulnerabilities caused by the pandemic are emerging rapidly, but one area that has received limited attention so far, is the financial vulnerability COVID-19 causes for households and the government. This paper aims to assess the financial burden imposed on governments and households and the ability of households to afford the required medical costs. Methods and FindingsUsing publicly available data, we computed per-episode mean costs for COVID-19 diagnosis and curative care by government and households. The curative costs included per-episode expenditure for (i) home isolation, (ii) hospital isolation and (i) ICU support. Expenditure was estimated based on mean costs derived from government capped package rates set for private facilities. Households’ affordability w...

Human Resources for Health, 2021

Background Investment in human resources for health not only strengthens the health system, but a... more Background Investment in human resources for health not only strengthens the health system, but also generates employment and contributes to economic growth. India can gain from enhanced investment in health workforce in multiple ways. This study in addition to presenting updated estimates on size and composition of health workforce, identifies areas of investment in health workforce in India. Methods We analyzed two sources of data: (i) National Health Workforce Account (NHWA) 2018 and (ii) Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017–2018 of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Using the two sources, we collated comparable estimates of different categories of health workers in India, density of health workforce and skill-mix at the all India and state levels. Results The study estimated (from NHWA 2018) a total stock of 5.76 million health workers which included allopathic doctors (1.16 million), nurses/midwives (2.34 million), pharmacist (1.20 million), dentists (0.27 million), and tra...

BMC Health Services Research

Background The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on the economic consequences ... more Background The purpose of this research is to generate new evidence on the economic consequences of multimorbidity on households in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and their implications for catastrophic OOP expenditure. Methods We analyzed Social Consumption Health data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) 75th round conducted in the year 2017–2018 in India. The sample included 1,13,823 households (64,552 rural and 49,271 urban) through a multistage stratified random sampling process. Prevalence of multimorbidity and related OOP expenditure were estimated. Using Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) we estimated the mean OOP expenditure for individuals reporting multimorbidity and single morbidity for each episode of outpatient visits and hospital admission. We also estimated implications in terms of catastrophic OOP expenditure for households. Results Results suggest that outpatient OOP expenditure is invariably lower in the presence of multimorbidity as compared wit...