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Research paper thumbnail of Capacity and Delay Spread in Multilayer Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication (DBMC) Channel

IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, 2016

In nanoscale communication, diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) in which information i... more In nanoscale communication, diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) in which information is encoded into molecule patterns by a transmitter nanomachine, has emerged as a promising communication system, particularly for biomedical and healthcare applications. Although, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and analyze DBMC systems, investigation on DBMC system through a multilayer channel has received less attention. The aims of this paper are to formulate channel characteristics and to evaluate the performance of multilayer DBMC channel in terms of delay spread and capacity. In this paper, the propagation of molecules over an n- layer channel is assumed to follow the Brownian motion and subjected to Fick's law of diffusion. Fourier transform is used to convert time to frequency domain functions. Besides, the multilayer channel is considered as a linear and deterministic channel. For the performance evaluation, the air-water-blood plasma medium representing the simplified multilayer diffusion model in the respiratory system was chosen. It was found that a high channel capacity can be achieved with wide transmission bandwidth, short transmission distance, and high averaged transmitted power. In addition, the findings showed that channel delay spread increases as both the transmission distance, and the pulse duration increased. By setting the symbol duration greater than the pulse duration or delay spread, an inter-symbol interference problem due to previous molecules transmission can be mitigated. These findings can be used as a guide in the development and fabrication of future artificial nanocommunication and nanonetworks systems involving multilayer transmission medium.

Research paper thumbnail of A survey of clustering algorithms for cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Research paper thumbnail of Lightweight distributed geographical: A lightweight distributed protocol for virtual clustering in geographical forwarding cognitive radio sensor networks

International Journal of Communication Systems, 2013

ABSTRACT SUMMARY Recent literature characterizes future wireless sensor networks (WSN) with dynam... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Recent literature characterizes future wireless sensor networks (WSN) with dynamic spectrum capabilities. When cognitive radio is introduced as a main component of a network, a network management protocol is needed to ensure network connectivity and stability especially in highly dynamic environments. Implementing such protocols in WSN opens more challenges because of the resource constraints in sensor networks. We propose a distributed lightweight solution that fulfills this need for WSN. With this protocol, a node in a multichannel environment is quickly able to establish a control channel with neighboring nodes. Lightweight distributed geographical either increases or reduces the coverage area of the control channel based on perceived interference and adequately takes care of intersecting nodes with minimal overhead. By identifying local minima nodes, it also has the potentiality of reducing route failure by 70% further reducing the time and energy overhead incurred by switching to angle routing or maximum power transmission schemes usually used to solve the local minima issue. The work shows best operating values in terms of duty cycle and signal to noise ratio threshold frequencies and the lightweight nature of lightweight distributed geographical in terms of energy and communication overhead, which suits network management protocols for cognitive radio sensor networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Ant Colony Optimization Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flouri... more Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. The area of wireless sensor network is not an exception where the multimedia sensors are attracting the attention of the researchers increasingly, and has shifted the focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices. The multimedia sensors have the ability to capture video, image, audio as well as scalar sensor data and deliver the multimedia content through sensors network. Due to the resource constraints nature of WSN introducing multimedia will add more challenges, so the protocols designed for multimedia wireless sensor network should be aware of the resource constraints nature of WSN and multimedia transmission requirement. Ant colony optimization is a swarm intelligent algorithm that proved the efficiency to solve many complex optimization problems. Recently many routing protocols proposed based on ant colony optimization for WMSN to take advantages of ACO algorithm. In this paper we outline design challenges and requirements for designing routing protocols for WMSN, and then we review ACO routing protocols proposed for WMSN and discuss their feature and limitations. After that we will present a general comparison between them.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Secure Routing Approaches for Current and Next-Generation Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015

Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential—and flourishing—part of our daily liv... more Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential—and flourishing—part of our daily lives. The area of wireless sensor networks is not an exception to this trend, as multimedia data have attracted the attention of researchers. Their importance is due to the shift of focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices, as well as to the next-generation wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The highly sensitive nature of multimedia traffic makes data routing with security even more important in WMSNs. This paper discusses the challenges of secure routing in WMSNs, where most of the proposed works in the literature deal with routing and security as individual issues. A critical and comprehensive review of state-of-the-art routing and security approaches for WMSNs is presented, followed by the discussion of their limitations and features. It is hoped that this extensive review and discussion ultimately identifies the future research directi...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Wireless Network Reliability Based on Evaluation of Power Model Robustness

This paper presents the assessment of the Power system model on the North West Region section of ... more This paper presents the assessment of the Power system model on the North West Region section of Air Tell Nigeria network for a period of one year and the reliability of the power subcomponents was determined. Analytic Model of the Operating Power setup at Hierarchical sites is described. The Quantitative Reliability models of each of the subsystem in the Power System are formulated based on the redundancy topology of the subsystem .Assessment of the Impact of variation in reliability parameter under optimal environmental condition was discussed. Verification and the validation of the reliability standards of power subsystem were elaborated. Criteria for the appraisal of the effectiveness of the Power Model and recommendation for the efficiency of Power Model were provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-thread based middleware for sensor network virtualization

2015 5th National Symposium on Information Technology: Towards New Smart World (NSITNSW), 2015

Research paper thumbnail of UTM Paper

Research paper thumbnail of VHF Band Utilization Measurement for Cognitive Radio Application in Malaysia

Wireless Personal Communications, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A Revisit of Assisted Reproduction Technology and the Humanization Paradigm

Research paper thumbnail of UTM-MIMOS Center of Excellence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. b Department of Electrical Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in inter-cell interference coordination for realization of robust heterogeneous networks in lte-a systems

Research paper thumbnail of Satellite Networks Engineering Education in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities

With the uptake and growth in Space and Satellite technology in developing countries like Nigeria... more With the uptake and growth in Space and Satellite technology in developing countries like Nigeria in recent years, there is a urgent need for skilled manpower for design, development, operation and maintenance of the sophisticated satellite networks. Currently, there is a shortage of accredited engineering faculties in Nigerian higher institutions to cater for this need. This is further hampered by the high cost of teaching and research facilities to support the training of highly skilled manpower required for the satellite communications sector. This paper examines some of the present challenges facing the provision of qualitative satellite technology education within Nigerian higher institutions. Our analyses of the prevailing situations within the academic sector reveal some unique opportunities for advancement of manpower development for the satellite communication sector. Finally, we proffer some viable and innovative solutions to overcome the most of the existing bottlenecks.

Research paper thumbnail of Resource Scheduling in Frequency Selective Environment for Carrier Aggregation Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptive Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDDCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Ant Colony Optimization Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flouri... more Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. The area of wireless sensor network is not an exception where the multimedia sensors are attracting the attention of the researchers increasingly, and has shifted the focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices. The multimedia sensors have the ability to capture video, image, audio as well as scalar sensor data and deliver the multimedia content through sensors network. Due to the resource constraints nature of WSN introducing multimedia will add more challenges, so the protocols designed for multimedia wireless sensor network should be aware of the resource constraints nature of WSN and multimedia transmission requirement. Ant colony optimization is a swarm intelligent algorithm that proved the efficiency to solve many complex optimization problems. Recently many routing protocols proposed based on ant colony optimization for WMSN to take advantages of ACO algorithm. In this paper we outline design challenges and requirements for designing routing protocols for WMSN, and then we review ACO routing protocols proposed for WMSN and discuss their feature and limitations. After that we will present a general comparison between them.

Research paper thumbnail of New Modified Elmore Delay Model for Resistance-Capacitance-Conductance (RCG) Interconnect Network Scheme

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity and Delay Spread in Multilayer Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication (DBMC) Channel

IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, 2016

In nanoscale communication, diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) in which information i... more In nanoscale communication, diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) in which information is encoded into molecule patterns by a transmitter nanomachine, has emerged as a promising communication system, particularly for biomedical and healthcare applications. Although, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and analyze DBMC systems, investigation on DBMC system through a multilayer channel has received less attention. The aims of this paper are to formulate channel characteristics and to evaluate the performance of multilayer DBMC channel in terms of delay spread and capacity. In this paper, the propagation of molecules over an n- layer channel is assumed to follow the Brownian motion and subjected to Fick's law of diffusion. Fourier transform is used to convert time to frequency domain functions. Besides, the multilayer channel is considered as a linear and deterministic channel. For the performance evaluation, the air-water-blood plasma medium representing the simplified multilayer diffusion model in the respiratory system was chosen. It was found that a high channel capacity can be achieved with wide transmission bandwidth, short transmission distance, and high averaged transmitted power. In addition, the findings showed that channel delay spread increases as both the transmission distance, and the pulse duration increased. By setting the symbol duration greater than the pulse duration or delay spread, an inter-symbol interference problem due to previous molecules transmission can be mitigated. These findings can be used as a guide in the development and fabrication of future artificial nanocommunication and nanonetworks systems involving multilayer transmission medium.

Research paper thumbnail of A survey of clustering algorithms for cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Research paper thumbnail of Lightweight distributed geographical: A lightweight distributed protocol for virtual clustering in geographical forwarding cognitive radio sensor networks

International Journal of Communication Systems, 2013

ABSTRACT SUMMARY Recent literature characterizes future wireless sensor networks (WSN) with dynam... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Recent literature characterizes future wireless sensor networks (WSN) with dynamic spectrum capabilities. When cognitive radio is introduced as a main component of a network, a network management protocol is needed to ensure network connectivity and stability especially in highly dynamic environments. Implementing such protocols in WSN opens more challenges because of the resource constraints in sensor networks. We propose a distributed lightweight solution that fulfills this need for WSN. With this protocol, a node in a multichannel environment is quickly able to establish a control channel with neighboring nodes. Lightweight distributed geographical either increases or reduces the coverage area of the control channel based on perceived interference and adequately takes care of intersecting nodes with minimal overhead. By identifying local minima nodes, it also has the potentiality of reducing route failure by 70% further reducing the time and energy overhead incurred by switching to angle routing or maximum power transmission schemes usually used to solve the local minima issue. The work shows best operating values in terms of duty cycle and signal to noise ratio threshold frequencies and the lightweight nature of lightweight distributed geographical in terms of energy and communication overhead, which suits network management protocols for cognitive radio sensor networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Ant Colony Optimization Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flouri... more Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. The area of wireless sensor network is not an exception where the multimedia sensors are attracting the attention of the researchers increasingly, and has shifted the focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices. The multimedia sensors have the ability to capture video, image, audio as well as scalar sensor data and deliver the multimedia content through sensors network. Due to the resource constraints nature of WSN introducing multimedia will add more challenges, so the protocols designed for multimedia wireless sensor network should be aware of the resource constraints nature of WSN and multimedia transmission requirement. Ant colony optimization is a swarm intelligent algorithm that proved the efficiency to solve many complex optimization problems. Recently many routing protocols proposed based on ant colony optimization for WMSN to take advantages of ACO algorithm. In this paper we outline design challenges and requirements for designing routing protocols for WMSN, and then we review ACO routing protocols proposed for WMSN and discuss their feature and limitations. After that we will present a general comparison between them.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Secure Routing Approaches for Current and Next-Generation Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015

Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential—and flourishing—part of our daily liv... more Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential—and flourishing—part of our daily lives. The area of wireless sensor networks is not an exception to this trend, as multimedia data have attracted the attention of researchers. Their importance is due to the shift of focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices, as well as to the next-generation wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The highly sensitive nature of multimedia traffic makes data routing with security even more important in WMSNs. This paper discusses the challenges of secure routing in WMSNs, where most of the proposed works in the literature deal with routing and security as individual issues. A critical and comprehensive review of state-of-the-art routing and security approaches for WMSNs is presented, followed by the discussion of their limitations and features. It is hoped that this extensive review and discussion ultimately identifies the future research directi...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Wireless Network Reliability Based on Evaluation of Power Model Robustness

This paper presents the assessment of the Power system model on the North West Region section of ... more This paper presents the assessment of the Power system model on the North West Region section of Air Tell Nigeria network for a period of one year and the reliability of the power subcomponents was determined. Analytic Model of the Operating Power setup at Hierarchical sites is described. The Quantitative Reliability models of each of the subsystem in the Power System are formulated based on the redundancy topology of the subsystem .Assessment of the Impact of variation in reliability parameter under optimal environmental condition was discussed. Verification and the validation of the reliability standards of power subsystem were elaborated. Criteria for the appraisal of the effectiveness of the Power Model and recommendation for the efficiency of Power Model were provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-thread based middleware for sensor network virtualization

2015 5th National Symposium on Information Technology: Towards New Smart World (NSITNSW), 2015

Research paper thumbnail of UTM Paper

Research paper thumbnail of VHF Band Utilization Measurement for Cognitive Radio Application in Malaysia

Wireless Personal Communications, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A Revisit of Assisted Reproduction Technology and the Humanization Paradigm

Research paper thumbnail of UTM-MIMOS Center of Excellence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. b Department of Electrical Engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in inter-cell interference coordination for realization of robust heterogeneous networks in lte-a systems

Research paper thumbnail of Satellite Networks Engineering Education in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities

With the uptake and growth in Space and Satellite technology in developing countries like Nigeria... more With the uptake and growth in Space and Satellite technology in developing countries like Nigeria in recent years, there is a urgent need for skilled manpower for design, development, operation and maintenance of the sophisticated satellite networks. Currently, there is a shortage of accredited engineering faculties in Nigerian higher institutions to cater for this need. This is further hampered by the high cost of teaching and research facilities to support the training of highly skilled manpower required for the satellite communications sector. This paper examines some of the present challenges facing the provision of qualitative satellite technology education within Nigerian higher institutions. Our analyses of the prevailing situations within the academic sector reveal some unique opportunities for advancement of manpower development for the satellite communication sector. Finally, we proffer some viable and innovative solutions to overcome the most of the existing bottlenecks.

Research paper thumbnail of Resource Scheduling in Frequency Selective Environment for Carrier Aggregation Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptive Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDDCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for LTE-Advanced Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges

Research paper thumbnail of A Review of Ant Colony Optimization Routing Protocols for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flouri... more Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. The area of wireless sensor network is not an exception where the multimedia sensors are attracting the attention of the researchers increasingly, and has shifted the focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices. The multimedia sensors have the ability to capture video, image, audio as well as scalar sensor data and deliver the multimedia content through sensors network. Due to the resource constraints nature of WSN introducing multimedia will add more challenges, so the protocols designed for multimedia wireless sensor network should be aware of the resource constraints nature of WSN and multimedia transmission requirement. Ant colony optimization is a swarm intelligent algorithm that proved the efficiency to solve many complex optimization problems. Recently many routing protocols proposed based on ant colony optimization for WMSN to take advantages of ACO algorithm. In this paper we outline design challenges and requirements for designing routing protocols for WMSN, and then we review ACO routing protocols proposed for WMSN and discuss their feature and limitations. After that we will present a general comparison between them.

Research paper thumbnail of New Modified Elmore Delay Model for Resistance-Capacitance-Conductance (RCG) Interconnect Network Scheme

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-Access Edge Computing Deployments for 5G Networks

INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE IEC 2019, 2019

The growth of the telecommunication industry is fast-paced with groundbreaking engineering achiev... more The growth of the telecommunication industry is fast-paced with groundbreaking engineering achievements. Notwithstanding the technological advancement in the industry, it had continued to cope with the phenomenon of resource constraint in portable mobile telecommunication devices compared to fixed and tethered devices. Portable mobile handheld devices have very low computational, storage and energy carrying capacity occasioned by the needs to satisfy portability, very small form factor, ergonomics, style and trends. Solutions such as cloudlets, cyber foraging, mobile cloud computing (MCC), and more recently but most applicable, multi-access edge computing (MEC) have been proffered with different application methodologies including computational offloading, distributed computing, thin clients, middleware, mobile environment cloning as well as representational state transfer. There is a need to satisfy requirements of new and emerging use cases, especially the deployments of 5G coming up with applications such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), intelligent transport systems (ITS), connected autonomous vehicle (CAV), smart hospitals, ultra high definition multi-feed live streaming, etc. The usage patterns of most of these different applications, though not always, is ephemeral and on-demand, except that the demand will be numerous, huge, asymmetric and highly latency-sensitive in terms of needs for computation, storage and analytics while at the fringe of the network where data are being generated and results being applied. In this research, we evaluated 5G end-to-end transport for vantage location of MEC server to achieve low user plane latency.