suzanne raynaud - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by suzanne raynaud

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the internal structure of rocks and characterization of mechanical deformation by a non-destructive method: X-ray tomodensitometry

Tectonophysics, Feb 1, 1989

Two-person zero-sum game theory is used to estimate the probability that the grains of a cohesion... more Two-person zero-sum game theory is used to estimate the probability that the grains of a cohesionless soil within a specified size range can be eroded from a volume of soil by groundwater flow. Soil structure is based on a two dimensional model derived using measured grain size and porosity distributions and assuming grains of circular cross section. Predictions and experimental results are in good agreement. 896032 Low temperature hydrothermal alteration in uear-surface sediments, Salton Sea geothermal area Sturz, A

Research paper thumbnail of Fracturation et dissolution sous contrainte des roches : aspects naturels et expérimentaux à l'échelle microscopique

L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopiq... more L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopique, sur deux mecanismes majeurs de la deformation crustale souvent associees ; la deformation par dissolution-cristallisation et la deformation par rupture fragile. Dans la premiere partie, les methodes utilisees pour decrire la porosite et la texture d'un materiau, a l'echelle du mm au micrometre sont exposees, en particulier la tomodensitometrie rayons x. La deuxieme partie presente l'etude des caracteristiques petrophysiques de deux calcaires, qui ont ete naturellement soumis au meme champ de contrainte tectonique en compression pendant l'orogenese pyreneenne. Deux processus de deformation par pression-dissolution-cristallisation sont mis en evidence. L'existence de l'un ou l'autre de ces processus est controlee principalement par la porosite de la roche. Les differences entre ces deux processus sont discutees en termes de genese des sites stylolitiques, caracteristiques des transferts de masse, localisation de la cristallisation et deformation globale. Dans la troisieme partie, la rupture experimentale en compression de trois materiaux de comportements mecaniques varies, une roche dure (granite), une roche tendre (craie) et un sol (marne), est etudiee lors de tests triaxiaux effectues a differentes pressions de confinement. La cellule de deformation est transparente aux rayons x et montee dans un tomodensitometre rayons x. La microfissuration anterieure a la rupture, diffuse dans les echantillons, montre des caracteristiques differentes dans le granite et la marne. La microdeformation de ces deux materiaux evolue en fonction de la pression de confinement permettant de distinguer deux modes de rupture fragile. Dans la craie, au cours des essais, l'evolution spatio-temporelle de la porosite fissurale est analysee et la variation de la valeur de ce parametre est quantifiee. Cette approche permet plus particulierement d'analyser les caracteristiques de la porosite acquise lors de la relaxation des contraintes et de comparer avec les evenements survenus lors de la decompression dans un bassin sedimentaire

Research paper thumbnail of Essai de quantification de la porosite d'un granite altere; utilisation du scanner medical (tomodensiometre X)

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, Mar 1, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Les premiers stades de la deformation dans une zone de relais entre decrochements; exemples naturels et experimentaux

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, May 1, 1987

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between connected and overall porosity of thermally stressed granites

Journal of Structural Geology, Aug 1, 1992

The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis de... more The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis despite its known limitation of inability to handle double values. The recently developed multicomponent fractal technique and Fourier analysis have been applied to 41 samples of quartz sand grains from 4 different sources. Results from the two methods are sufficiently similar to demonstrate the potential of fractal analysis of sedimentary particles. The fractal method can also extract information from grains of complex shape with routinely re-entrant morphology.

Research paper thumbnail of Les marbres du Languedoc et des Pyrénées : de la montagne à l’ornement

Patrimoines du Sud, Aug 1, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Rock matrix structures in a zone influenced by a stylolite

Journal of Structural Geology, Aug 1, 1992

The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis de... more The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis despite its known limitation of inability to handle double values. The recently developed multicomponent fractal technique and Fourier analysis have been applied to 41 samples of quartz sand grains from 4 different sources. Results from the two methods are sufficiently similar to demonstrate the potential of fractal analysis of sedimentary particles. The fractal method can also extract information from grains of complex shape with routinely re-entrant morphology.

Research paper thumbnail of Fluid migration during Eocene thrust emplacement in the south Pyrenean foreland basin (Spain): an integrated structural, mineralogical and geochemical approach

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of X-ray Density Tomography: A Tool to Characterize Pores And Cracks In Rocks

Research paper thumbnail of Essai de quantification de la porosite d9un granite altere; utilisation du scanner medical (tomodensiometre X)

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of X-ray Density Tomography: A Tool to Characterize Pores And Cracks In Rocks

Research paper thumbnail of Les marbres du Languedoc et des Pyrénées : de la montagne à l’ornement

Research paper thumbnail of Étude Pétrographique et Géochimique Comparative Du Support en Mortier De Deux Tables À Marqueterie De Pierres

Research paper thumbnail of Fracturation et dissolution sous contrainte des roches : aspects naturels et expérimentaux à l'échelle microscopique

Http Www Theses Fr, 1995

L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopiq... more L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopique, sur deux mecanismes majeurs de la deformation crustale souvent associees ; la deformation par dissolution-cristallisation et la deformation par rupture fragile. Dans la premiere partie, les methodes utilisees pour decrire la porosite et la texture d'un materiau, a l'echelle du mm au micrometre sont exposees, en particulier la tomodensitometrie rayons x. La deuxieme partie presente l'etude des caracteristiques petrophysiques de deux calcaires, qui ont ete naturellement soumis au meme champ de contrainte tectonique en compression pendant l'orogenese pyreneenne. Deux processus de deformation par pression-dissolution-cristallisation sont mis en evidence. L'existence de l'un ou l'autre de ces processus est controlee principalement par la porosite de la roche. Les differences entre ces deux processus sont discutees en termes de genese des sites stylolitiques, caracteristiques des transferts de masse, localisation de la cristallisation et deformation globale. Dans la troisieme partie, la rupture experimentale en compression de trois materiaux de comportements mecaniques varies, une roche dure (granite), une roche tendre (craie) et un sol (marne), est etudiee lors de tests triaxiaux effectues a differentes pressions de confinement. La cellule de deformation est transparente aux rayons x et montee dans un tomodensitometre rayons x. La microfissuration anterieure a la rupture, diffuse dans les echantillons, montre des caracteristiques differentes dans le granite et la marne. La microdeformation de ces deux materiaux evolue en fonction de la pression de confinement permettant de distinguer deux modes de rupture fragile. Dans la craie, au cours des essais, l'evolution spatio-temporelle de la porosite fissurale est analysee et la variation de la valeur de ce parametre est quantifiee. Cette approche permet plus particulierement d'analyser les caracteristiques de la porosite acquise lors de la relaxation des contraintes et de comparer avec les evenements survenus lors de la decompression dans un bassin sedimentaire

Research paper thumbnail of Shear failure mechanism in granite inferred from multi-scale brittle structures

Journal of Structural Geology, 2014

ABSTRACT The brittle structures of a Hercynian granite (La Borne, French Massif Central) observed... more ABSTRACT The brittle structures of a Hercynian granite (La Borne, French Massif Central) observed at several scales, from regional to microscopic, are presented and interpreted on mechanical terms. Emphasis is placed on strike slip faults, joints, and cracks related to incipient shear fracturing during horizontal compression. Three compressive tectonic phases have been identified according to their brittle structures and characterised by the burial depth at the time of their generation. The two first phases (H1, H2) are Hercynian and occurred while the granite was deeply buried (∼5 to 3km depth) whereas the last phase (P) is Pyrenean and occurred at very low depth. The geometric organizations of cracks, joints and faults are clearly similar at various scales from about 10μm to several m. These field observations are strong arguments for the occurrence of shear structures at microscopic to macroscopic scales during tectonic events. Following this inference, it is proposed that, at least in the case of Hercynian phases, cracks, joints and macroscopic strike slip faults have been generated by the same mechanical process under high overburden weight. Therefore, incipient fractures seem to be generated as shearing structures and to evolve by coalescence with neighbouring ones with the same direction.

Research paper thumbnail of Geological and topographical study of the original hills at the base of Fourth Dynasty Egyptian monuments of the Memphite plateau

Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 2010

Rock foundations of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids are examined in comparison with other Fourth ... more Rock foundations of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids are examined in comparison with other Fourth Dynasty monuments: the Sphinx, Queen Kentkawes’ monument and the Abu Rawash monument. This study is based on geological and topographical observations, photomontages and field measurements. The results, which are correlated with those of former studies, demonstrate the existence of natural hills used as substrata in the construction of the two great pyramids. The minimum volume of these hills can be estimated at 12% and 23% respectively of the volumes of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids. The use of worked rock hills appears to be a construction method under the Fourth Dynasty.

Research paper thumbnail of Rock matrix structures in a zone influenced by a stylolite

Journal of Structural Geology, 1992

... These stylolites are not associated with tension gashes. ... Other techniques have been emplo... more ... These stylolites are not associated with tension gashes. ... Other techniques have been employed in the process zone, in particular semi-quantitative chemical analysis has been carried out by EDS (energy dispersive spectrometry) with the SEM and chemical back-scattered ...

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental study of the relation between the permeability of kaolinite and its deformation at micro and macro scale

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2010

We present an experimental study of relations between hydraulic properties of clayey rocks and th... more We present an experimental study of relations between hydraulic properties of clayey rocks and their deformation at bulk and micro scale. The experimentation is based on triaxial deformation of kaolinitic core samples, on permeability measurements, and on several methods of analysis of the microstructure. To produce the samples, remoulded kaolinite material is consolidated by axial loading up to 20MPa in

Research paper thumbnail of Brittle-to-ductile transition in Beaucaire marl from triaxial tests under the CT-scanner

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental characterisation of the localisation phenomenon inside a Vosges sandstone in a triaxial cell

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2000

The behaviour of a Vosges sandstone is studied, including quasi-homogeneous deformation, incipien... more The behaviour of a Vosges sandstone is studied, including quasi-homogeneous deformation, incipient strain localisation and localised rupture. The homogeneous behaviour is first presented from about 60 experiments in triaxial compression with two slenderness ratios (H/D=1 and 2), in triaxial extension, and in isotropic compression. A large range of confining pressures (0–60MPa) is investigated, showing a significant evolution of material response.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of the internal structure of rocks and characterization of mechanical deformation by a non-destructive method: X-ray tomodensitometry

Tectonophysics, Feb 1, 1989

Two-person zero-sum game theory is used to estimate the probability that the grains of a cohesion... more Two-person zero-sum game theory is used to estimate the probability that the grains of a cohesionless soil within a specified size range can be eroded from a volume of soil by groundwater flow. Soil structure is based on a two dimensional model derived using measured grain size and porosity distributions and assuming grains of circular cross section. Predictions and experimental results are in good agreement. 896032 Low temperature hydrothermal alteration in uear-surface sediments, Salton Sea geothermal area Sturz, A

Research paper thumbnail of Fracturation et dissolution sous contrainte des roches : aspects naturels et expérimentaux à l'échelle microscopique

L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopiq... more L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopique, sur deux mecanismes majeurs de la deformation crustale souvent associees ; la deformation par dissolution-cristallisation et la deformation par rupture fragile. Dans la premiere partie, les methodes utilisees pour decrire la porosite et la texture d'un materiau, a l'echelle du mm au micrometre sont exposees, en particulier la tomodensitometrie rayons x. La deuxieme partie presente l'etude des caracteristiques petrophysiques de deux calcaires, qui ont ete naturellement soumis au meme champ de contrainte tectonique en compression pendant l'orogenese pyreneenne. Deux processus de deformation par pression-dissolution-cristallisation sont mis en evidence. L'existence de l'un ou l'autre de ces processus est controlee principalement par la porosite de la roche. Les differences entre ces deux processus sont discutees en termes de genese des sites stylolitiques, caracteristiques des transferts de masse, localisation de la cristallisation et deformation globale. Dans la troisieme partie, la rupture experimentale en compression de trois materiaux de comportements mecaniques varies, une roche dure (granite), une roche tendre (craie) et un sol (marne), est etudiee lors de tests triaxiaux effectues a differentes pressions de confinement. La cellule de deformation est transparente aux rayons x et montee dans un tomodensitometre rayons x. La microfissuration anterieure a la rupture, diffuse dans les echantillons, montre des caracteristiques differentes dans le granite et la marne. La microdeformation de ces deux materiaux evolue en fonction de la pression de confinement permettant de distinguer deux modes de rupture fragile. Dans la craie, au cours des essais, l'evolution spatio-temporelle de la porosite fissurale est analysee et la variation de la valeur de ce parametre est quantifiee. Cette approche permet plus particulierement d'analyser les caracteristiques de la porosite acquise lors de la relaxation des contraintes et de comparer avec les evenements survenus lors de la decompression dans un bassin sedimentaire

Research paper thumbnail of Essai de quantification de la porosite d'un granite altere; utilisation du scanner medical (tomodensiometre X)

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, Mar 1, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of Les premiers stades de la deformation dans une zone de relais entre decrochements; exemples naturels et experimentaux

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, May 1, 1987

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between connected and overall porosity of thermally stressed granites

Journal of Structural Geology, Aug 1, 1992

The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis de... more The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis despite its known limitation of inability to handle double values. The recently developed multicomponent fractal technique and Fourier analysis have been applied to 41 samples of quartz sand grains from 4 different sources. Results from the two methods are sufficiently similar to demonstrate the potential of fractal analysis of sedimentary particles. The fractal method can also extract information from grains of complex shape with routinely re-entrant morphology.

Research paper thumbnail of Les marbres du Languedoc et des Pyrénées : de la montagne à l’ornement

Patrimoines du Sud, Aug 1, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Rock matrix structures in a zone influenced by a stylolite

Journal of Structural Geology, Aug 1, 1992

The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis de... more The technique of Fourier analysis by radius expansion is often used in particle shape analysis despite its known limitation of inability to handle double values. The recently developed multicomponent fractal technique and Fourier analysis have been applied to 41 samples of quartz sand grains from 4 different sources. Results from the two methods are sufficiently similar to demonstrate the potential of fractal analysis of sedimentary particles. The fractal method can also extract information from grains of complex shape with routinely re-entrant morphology.

Research paper thumbnail of Fluid migration during Eocene thrust emplacement in the south Pyrenean foreland basin (Spain): an integrated structural, mineralogical and geochemical approach

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of X-ray Density Tomography: A Tool to Characterize Pores And Cracks In Rocks

Research paper thumbnail of Essai de quantification de la porosite d9un granite altere; utilisation du scanner medical (tomodensiometre X)

Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, 1993

Research paper thumbnail of X-ray Density Tomography: A Tool to Characterize Pores And Cracks In Rocks

Research paper thumbnail of Les marbres du Languedoc et des Pyrénées : de la montagne à l’ornement

Research paper thumbnail of Étude Pétrographique et Géochimique Comparative Du Support en Mortier De Deux Tables À Marqueterie De Pierres

Research paper thumbnail of Fracturation et dissolution sous contrainte des roches : aspects naturels et expérimentaux à l'échelle microscopique

Http Www Theses Fr, 1995

L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopiq... more L'objectif de ce memoire est d'apporter de nouvelles donnees, a l'echelle microscopique, sur deux mecanismes majeurs de la deformation crustale souvent associees ; la deformation par dissolution-cristallisation et la deformation par rupture fragile. Dans la premiere partie, les methodes utilisees pour decrire la porosite et la texture d'un materiau, a l'echelle du mm au micrometre sont exposees, en particulier la tomodensitometrie rayons x. La deuxieme partie presente l'etude des caracteristiques petrophysiques de deux calcaires, qui ont ete naturellement soumis au meme champ de contrainte tectonique en compression pendant l'orogenese pyreneenne. Deux processus de deformation par pression-dissolution-cristallisation sont mis en evidence. L'existence de l'un ou l'autre de ces processus est controlee principalement par la porosite de la roche. Les differences entre ces deux processus sont discutees en termes de genese des sites stylolitiques, caracteristiques des transferts de masse, localisation de la cristallisation et deformation globale. Dans la troisieme partie, la rupture experimentale en compression de trois materiaux de comportements mecaniques varies, une roche dure (granite), une roche tendre (craie) et un sol (marne), est etudiee lors de tests triaxiaux effectues a differentes pressions de confinement. La cellule de deformation est transparente aux rayons x et montee dans un tomodensitometre rayons x. La microfissuration anterieure a la rupture, diffuse dans les echantillons, montre des caracteristiques differentes dans le granite et la marne. La microdeformation de ces deux materiaux evolue en fonction de la pression de confinement permettant de distinguer deux modes de rupture fragile. Dans la craie, au cours des essais, l'evolution spatio-temporelle de la porosite fissurale est analysee et la variation de la valeur de ce parametre est quantifiee. Cette approche permet plus particulierement d'analyser les caracteristiques de la porosite acquise lors de la relaxation des contraintes et de comparer avec les evenements survenus lors de la decompression dans un bassin sedimentaire

Research paper thumbnail of Shear failure mechanism in granite inferred from multi-scale brittle structures

Journal of Structural Geology, 2014

ABSTRACT The brittle structures of a Hercynian granite (La Borne, French Massif Central) observed... more ABSTRACT The brittle structures of a Hercynian granite (La Borne, French Massif Central) observed at several scales, from regional to microscopic, are presented and interpreted on mechanical terms. Emphasis is placed on strike slip faults, joints, and cracks related to incipient shear fracturing during horizontal compression. Three compressive tectonic phases have been identified according to their brittle structures and characterised by the burial depth at the time of their generation. The two first phases (H1, H2) are Hercynian and occurred while the granite was deeply buried (∼5 to 3km depth) whereas the last phase (P) is Pyrenean and occurred at very low depth. The geometric organizations of cracks, joints and faults are clearly similar at various scales from about 10μm to several m. These field observations are strong arguments for the occurrence of shear structures at microscopic to macroscopic scales during tectonic events. Following this inference, it is proposed that, at least in the case of Hercynian phases, cracks, joints and macroscopic strike slip faults have been generated by the same mechanical process under high overburden weight. Therefore, incipient fractures seem to be generated as shearing structures and to evolve by coalescence with neighbouring ones with the same direction.

Research paper thumbnail of Geological and topographical study of the original hills at the base of Fourth Dynasty Egyptian monuments of the Memphite plateau

Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 2010

Rock foundations of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids are examined in comparison with other Fourth ... more Rock foundations of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids are examined in comparison with other Fourth Dynasty monuments: the Sphinx, Queen Kentkawes’ monument and the Abu Rawash monument. This study is based on geological and topographical observations, photomontages and field measurements. The results, which are correlated with those of former studies, demonstrate the existence of natural hills used as substrata in the construction of the two great pyramids. The minimum volume of these hills can be estimated at 12% and 23% respectively of the volumes of the Kephren and Kheops pyramids. The use of worked rock hills appears to be a construction method under the Fourth Dynasty.

Research paper thumbnail of Rock matrix structures in a zone influenced by a stylolite

Journal of Structural Geology, 1992

... These stylolites are not associated with tension gashes. ... Other techniques have been emplo... more ... These stylolites are not associated with tension gashes. ... Other techniques have been employed in the process zone, in particular semi-quantitative chemical analysis has been carried out by EDS (energy dispersive spectrometry) with the SEM and chemical back-scattered ...

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental study of the relation between the permeability of kaolinite and its deformation at micro and macro scale

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2010

We present an experimental study of relations between hydraulic properties of clayey rocks and th... more We present an experimental study of relations between hydraulic properties of clayey rocks and their deformation at bulk and micro scale. The experimentation is based on triaxial deformation of kaolinitic core samples, on permeability measurements, and on several methods of analysis of the microstructure. To produce the samples, remoulded kaolinite material is consolidated by axial loading up to 20MPa in

Research paper thumbnail of Brittle-to-ductile transition in Beaucaire marl from triaxial tests under the CT-scanner

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental characterisation of the localisation phenomenon inside a Vosges sandstone in a triaxial cell

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2000

The behaviour of a Vosges sandstone is studied, including quasi-homogeneous deformation, incipien... more The behaviour of a Vosges sandstone is studied, including quasi-homogeneous deformation, incipient strain localisation and localised rupture. The homogeneous behaviour is first presented from about 60 experiments in triaxial compression with two slenderness ratios (H/D=1 and 2), in triaxial extension, and in isotropic compression. A large range of confining pressures (0–60MPa) is investigated, showing a significant evolution of material response.