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REVIEW ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS, 2023

Bovine trypanosomosis is a disease that affects cattle resulting from infection with protozoa of ... more Bovine trypanosomosis is a disease that affects cattle resulting from infection with protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma mainly T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei. This review is done to show the economic importance of bovine trypanosomosis, highlight control and prevention methods and overview the status in Ethiopia. The life cycle of trypanosome is complex in both the tsetse fly vector and the mammalian host. It has the widest host range amongst the salivarian trypanosomes and covers a variety of domestic and wild animals. Trypanosomes are found primarily in the tropical regions of the world. Trypanosomosis transmit cyclically and acyclically by different species of tsetse and biting flies. The trypanosomes affect firstly the bite site by causing swelling and chancre. Later cause parasitemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anemia and invade extra vascular spaces such as the ocular aqueous humor and cerebral spinal fluid. Clinical signs include abortion, drop in milk production, lacrimation, staggering gait, circling movement, enlargement of lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, anemia, weight loss, emaciation, abortion etc. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, parasitological, serological and molecular techniques. The most common drugs that are used for treatment of trypanosomosis are Diminazene aceturate, Homidium bromide and chloride, Pyrithidium bromide and Isometamidium. It is a major constraint contributing to direct and indirect economic losses in the crop and livestock production and has a significant negative impact on economic growth in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Control and prevention is based on parasite control, vector control and host resistance protection. Bovine trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to agricultural production in extensive areas of the tsetse-infested Ethiopian lowlands. As a result of the trypanosomosis threat, a large proportion of the livestock population is found in the highlands that are assumed to be tsetse free. Thus, it is recommended that an appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs, integrated prevention and control program should be implemented to reduce the impact of the disease on animal health and economy.
Key words: Bovine, Epidemiology, Trypanosome, Trypanosomosis, Tsetse fly

REVIEW ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS, 2023

Bovine trypanosomosis is a disease that affects cattle resulting from infection with protozoa of ... more Bovine trypanosomosis is a disease that affects cattle resulting from infection with protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma mainly T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei. This review is done to show the economic importance of bovine trypanosomosis, highlight control and prevention methods and overview the status in Ethiopia. The life cycle of trypanosome is complex in both the tsetse fly vector and the mammalian host. It has the widest host range amongst the salivarian trypanosomes and covers a variety of domestic and wild animals. Trypanosomes are found primarily in the tropical regions of the world. Trypanosomosis transmit cyclically and acyclically by different species of tsetse and biting flies. The trypanosomes affect firstly the bite site by causing swelling and chancre. Later cause parasitemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anemia and invade extra vascular spaces such as the ocular aqueous humor and cerebral spinal fluid. Clinical signs include abortion, drop in milk production, lacrimation, staggering gait, circling movement, enlargement of lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, anemia, weight loss, emaciation, abortion etc. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, parasitological, serological and molecular techniques. The most common drugs that are used for treatment of trypanosomosis are Diminazene aceturate, Homidium bromide and chloride, Pyrithidium bromide and Isometamidium. It is a major constraint contributing to direct and indirect economic losses in the crop and livestock production and has a significant negative impact on economic growth in many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Control and prevention is based on parasite control, vector control and host resistance protection. Bovine trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to agricultural production in extensive areas of the tsetse-infested Ethiopian lowlands. As a result of the trypanosomosis threat, a large proportion of the livestock population is found in the highlands that are assumed to be tsetse free. Thus, it is recommended that an appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs, integrated prevention and control program should be implemented to reduce the impact of the disease on animal health and economy.
Key words: Bovine, Epidemiology, Trypanosome, Trypanosomosis, Tsetse fly