thamer mohammed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by thamer mohammed

ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted on the critical gas velocity and applied power for comple... more ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted on the critical gas velocity and applied power for complete suspension of solid particles in QVF hemispherical bottom gas sparged vessel of 0.46 m inside diameter and 1m height. The operating conditions used; particle size 63-90, 90-125, 125- 180 and 180-250 μm, height of liquid level to vessel diameter ratio 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3, weight of solids 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg. Single ring sparger with holes 1 mm diameter, different gases (air, helium, argon and carbon dioxide), water, kerosene and non-Newtonian liquids (four different concentrations of carboxyl methyl cellulose solutions) were used. Electro-resistivity probe was used to measure the hydrodynamic parameters included bubble rise velocity, bubble diameter, bubble frequency, number of bubbles and gas hold-up. Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2021

An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wa... more An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewaters discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery plant. In this process, a circular aluminum bar was used as a sacrificial anode, and hallow cylinder made from stainless steel was used as a cathode in a tubular batch electrochemical Reactor. Impacts of the operating factors like current density (5-25mAcm-2), NaCl addition at concentrations (0-2g/l), and pH at values (3-11) on the COD removal efficiency were studied. Results revealed that the increase in current density increases the COD removal efficiency, whereas an increase in NaCl concentration results in a decline in the COD removal efficiency. Using a pH value higher or lower than 7 causes a lowering of the COD removal efficiency. A current density of 15mA/cm2, NaCl concentration of 1g/l, and pH value of 7 were found to be the best operating conditions in which COD removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved at a treatment time 45 minutes with an energy consumption of 27.78kWh/kg COD. Based on these conditions, a COD value of 20 ppm could be obtained, which is below the standard limit for discharging petroleum refinery effluents.

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Jun 30, 2017

PPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and variou... more PPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and various extrusion pressures according to the phase inversion method. Cross-sectional area and outer structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In additional to the pore size distribution, either the mean roughness or the mean pore size of the PPSU hollow fiber surfaces was evaluated by AFM. It was found that the morphology of the PPSU fibers had both sponge-like and finger-like structures through different extrusion pressures and PPSU concentrations. The mean pore size and mean roughness for inner and outer surfaces were seen to be decreased with the increase of extrusion pressure at two different PPSU concentrations. Moreover, the lead ion rejection was significantly improved from 19 to 78 % with increasing the extrusion pressure from 2.5 to 3 bar at 25 wt.% PPSU concentration.

مجلة البحوث و الدراسات النفطية, May 6, 2021

The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / ... more The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / Zubair 1 Warehouse causes very high pollution in the land. The aim of this study is to find possible ways to treat such produced water and to remove turbidity through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and adsorption. Experimental tests of the properties for natural produced water such as turbidity, pH, TDS, TSS, and oil content found out that oil content = 137 mg/L and turbidity = 122 NTU. The produced water is treated with two types of coagulant poly aluminum chloride, alum and with two other types of adsorbent (Bentonite , Zeolite (Cation and Anion)). The coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation experiments are performed using a Jar-test device and adsorption experiments , and a magnetic stirrer device are used at different times, speeds, and concentrations. It is found through the practical results that the best dosages of (poly aluminum chloride and alum) are (3, 35, 6.75, and 30) mg/L to obtain R% (96.3, 93, 99, and 98.9), respectively. It is found from the experimental results of adsorption that the best results of weight adsorbent, stirrer time and stirrer speed to obtain maximum removal efficiency are (6 gram anion zeolite ,15 minute and 920 rpm) R% (98 , 97.8 and 99.2), respectively. It is found that the best results are poor at different parameters, except when it is used (2) gram of bentonite obtained R% of turbidity weight, stirrer time and stirrer speed by bentonite and zeolite (cation and anion) were (2 gram). Finally, it was found that removing the oil content by adsorption (97.8) is better than coagulation (96.3). And the results for removing turbidity by coagulation (99) is better than adsorption (97.4) .

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Feb 1, 2009

This experimental study is aimed at investigating the effect of superficial gas velocity, liquid ... more This experimental study is aimed at investigating the effect of superficial gas velocity, liquid phase properties and gas distribution on gas holdup, bubble characteristics and drag coefficient in two-phase bubble column. Various liquids covering a sufficiently broad range of viscosity and surface tension values were employed, while the gas phase was atmospheric air. Aqueous glycerine solutions were used to simulate the behavior of coalescing viscous liquids whereas aqueous alcohol solutions were used to simulate the behavior of non-coalescing organic liquids. The experimental results obtained with two different types of gas distributor in the coalescence solutions and in non coalescence solutions were compared with data on standard air-water system. A computerized conductivity probe system and high speed digital camera were used for the systematic measurements of bubble size, velocity and gas holdup. Correlations based on dimensionless groups were proposed for the prediction of gas holdup and drag coefficient in the homogeneous flow regime.

Arabian journal for science and engineering, Sep 4, 2015

Copper ion Cu(II) is among the main pollutants present in excessive amounts in underground water ... more Copper ion Cu(II) is among the main pollutants present in excessive amounts in underground water in many locations in Iraq. The present work studies adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from well water using waste materials such as watermelon shell, lemon, and banana peels. Influences of many parameters like initial concentration, dosing, contact time, pH, and particle sizing were examined. The elimination efficiency of the watermelon shell was 90 % compared with that of lemon Peel was 78 %, while for banana Peel was observed to be 65 %. Meanwhile, the highest possible adsorption capacity was 9.54 mg/g for watermelon shell, 8.24 mg/g for lemon peel, and 7.65 mg/g for banana peel. The column test was applied to the real well water, confirmed that reloading of the column could enhance its own removing efficiencies by 15-30 %. However, characterization of adsorption of the watermelon shell, measured from FTIR and SEM micrograph, verified that watermelon shell is a powerful adsorbent due to its own functional groups as well as cavities on its surface texture. In the same context, comparison between adsorption capability of watermelon shell and both Langmuir and even Freundlich models points out that Langmuir is much better fit the experimental data. Overall results confirm that watermelon shell is an excellent and also alternative adsorbent material for eliminating copper ions. Moreover, it is natural, environmentally friendly, and costeffective for treating contaminated well water in Iraq.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2022

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2021

Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a he... more Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a healthy life, and exhausts natural resources. Major steps must be taken to initiate a new human manner and habits to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste as a part of sustainable development. This research discusses the activity initiate at the Chemical Engineering Department - University of Technology - Baghdad /Iraq to engage faculty members and students at solid waste management’s approaches through adopt classification and sorting of the solid waste at the source. The second stage was to analyze the amounts and types of accumulated solid waste at the chemical engineering department building for one semester starting from 1st February to 30th June. In the same year, the waste examination was recorded each week. The final stage was a questionnaire to some participants (faculty, staff, and students) to investigate staff reluctance to be involved actively in solid waste sorting and motivate more university staff to participate in waste sorting at the source. The results show that the separated solid waste material represented only 35% of the department’s total generated waste through the research period. The total weight of the characterized waste was 448 Kg. Waste paper is the largest percentage of waste with a total weight (155.5 kg), followed by organic (110 kg), plastic (100 kg) and metal (82.5 kg). This research encouraged students to engage in reuse / recycle programs. They formed groups. The first group produced fuel oil from waste plastic by pyrolysis. The second student’s group converted waste paper to card paper.

Maǧallaẗ al-abḥāṯ al-handasiyyaẗ, Nov 4, 2021

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Key Engineering Materials, Apr 10, 2023

This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure tha... more This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure that can use to evaluate gas penetration into mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with non-partial fillers. Many models predicted CO2 permeance over PSF/FCTF-1(MMMs) and were compared to experimental results. The models were compared using standard criteria for validating models, such as the difference in penetrant permeability between the two phases ( and the absolute average relative error percentage. A comparison of those models was carried out based on the widely used model validation criteria, including a convenient measure of penetrant permeability difference between the two phases and absolute average relative error percent. Based on the typical values of morphological characteristics, it was determined that the following models fitted the data in the best order: Lewis‐Nielsen model< Pal model

MATEC web of conferences, 2018

The objective of the study is to treat industrial wastewater and perform a thermodynamic experime... more The objective of the study is to treat industrial wastewater and perform a thermodynamic experimental study for more economical and efficient adsorption process. This has been done by biosorption and chemisorption of chromium ions from synthetic wastewater into already prepared pomegranate peel as a natural adsorbent. Pomegranate peel proved to be an economic solution since it is available locally and it has an elevated adsorption capacity. Adsorption has been done in a fixed bed column (10 cm inside diameter, and 30 cm height) with continuous flow rate of 1 ml/min. The characteristic properties of adsorption for the pomegranate peel, analyzed by FTIR and SEM, proved that pomegranate peel is a good adsorbent because of its effective combinations and holes on its exterior. Also, comparing between adsorption ability of pomegranate peel together with Langmuir and Freundlich models indicates that Langmuir is preferable in fitting the experimental data. However, the elimination efficiency of the pomegranate peel was 90%, and the greatest adsorption capability was 9.45 mg/g. While, thermodynamic study results showed that endothermic adsorption was approved from positive values of ∆H • , also the negative values of ∆G • proved that the adsorption is unprompted and convenient.

Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, Sep 9, 2018

This study is devoted to assess the removal of acid blue dye from simulated industrial wastewater... more This study is devoted to assess the removal of acid blue dye from simulated industrial wastewater by using integrated membrane system of microfiltration to remove the suspended solid followed by reverse osmosis filter (RO). The dye is currently used in Al-Kut textile factory, Wassit Governorate, Iraq. The effect of RO systems on percentage removal of dye and permeate flux were studied under different operating conditions, such as applied pressure (5-10 bar), initial dye concentration (25-100 mg/l) to satisfy the concentration in mentioned factory , at constant pH and room temperature. The results showed that the removal effcienciey were increase with increasing the pressure up to (98%) and the initial concentration of the acid blue dye during 90 min of the operation. While, the permeate flux increases with increasing pressure, Also, the permeate flux was inversely proportional to the dye concentration in the system. The total dissolved solids (TDS) was removed with high efficiency reaching nearly 100% by using RO membrane.

Key Engineering Materials, Dec 26, 2022

Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 re... more Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 reduction of natural gas is essential for purifying the gas and increasing its calorific value. A covalent organic framework (COF) has been developed as a filler in mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) to separate gases. COF materials were chosen because of their economical rate, good thermal and chemical stability, and flexible microporous structure. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant interest for their improved permeability and selectivity in natural gas purification. The results of using COF combined with other chemicals added to MMM. It has been observed that CO2 permeability increases as the COF content in the MMM increases, which enhances the gas-separation performance of the MMM. This review evaluated and analyzed the current scientific and the technical breakthroughs in developing MMMs, especially the unique type of organic fillers, which has been the basis of numerous new research for CO2 separation.

Indian journal of science and technology, Sep 1, 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present work is to study the effect of adding Nano-Al 2 O 3 on the exp... more Objectives: The aim of the present work is to study the effect of adding Nano-Al 2 O 3 on the experimental friction factor and pressure drop for Iraqi crude oil. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The effect of three pipe diameters (0.5, 0.75 and 1 inch), five values of Reynolds number and Nano-Al 2 O 3 concentration (0.002-0.01 wt %) on the friction factor were studied. Findings: The results illustrated that the friction factor is generally decreased with increasing of Nano-Al 2 O 3 concentration and crude oil flow rate. Application/Improvements: There is very low available literature on the drag reduction process by using Nano-Al 2 O 3 as drag reduction agent for Iraqi crude oil.

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Aug 1, 2016

This research includes the removal of pollution produced from used coolant emulsion oils especial... more This research includes the removal of pollution produced from used coolant emulsion oils especially soluble oil (7201) . In many types of liquid effluents, oil-water emulsions can be among the most vexing to treat, even through such streams may contain only very small quantity of oil. Untraditional oil removal operation (electroflotocoagulation) is used in this research, which consist of glass cell 102 cm in height. A sacrificial Aluminum Anode is placed on a perforated glass disc at a distance 24cm from the bottom. Above it is placed the upper electrode, Aluminum cathode is fixed on a movable glass tube. Product water was fed into settling vessels from the outlet arm 17 cm above the glass disc. Oily flocs and aluminum hydroxide were removed by a second side arm 45.5 cm above the product water arm. Sets of experiments were carried out to find the efficiency of electroflotocoagulation to remove the concentrate soluble oil (7201) from water. Multivariables were studied such as: applied potential, space between the two electrodes, settling time and initial soluble oil (7201) concentration. These variables have effect on the soluble oil (7201) percentage removal. The experimental results were represented in two mathematical empirical correlations and three dimensional graphs which describe the soluble oil (7201) removal efficiency as a function of current, settling time and in the second, initial soluble oil (7201) concentration respectively.

Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 2014

This work aims to study the hydrodynamic characteristic of three-phase fluidized beds (water, ker... more This work aims to study the hydrodynamic characteristic of three-phase fluidized beds (water, kerosene, spherical plastic or cylindrical PVC particles). The hydrodynamic parameters were investigated (phase holdup , droplet diameter, droplet rising velocity, particle types and sizes, holes diameter of the liquid distributor, continuous and dispersed phase velocities. The experimental work was carried out using QVF glass 0.106 m I.D. and 2 m height. Three distributors with whole diameters (2.5, 5, 7 mm) were used. Plastic particles with diameters (8, 15 mm) and PVC particles (3.34 mm) were used as a solid phase. Two methods (quick, closing valves and pressure drop method) were used to measure the continuous, dispersed and solid holdup. A cine camera was used to measure the droplet diameter and rising velocity. It was found that the droplet diameter and rising velocity increase with increasing superficial continuous and dispersed velocities. A relationships between the dispersed phase holdup , droplet diameter and rising velocity with continuous and dispersed superficial velocities respectively were obtained Dimensionless correlation for the prediction of the droplet rising velocity was developed.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2010

This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-u... more This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-use for blowdown water in South-Baghdad electric power plant. The pilot plant consisted of two columns of QVF (4.75 cm internal diameter & 90 cm long); cation and anion exchangers' together form the demineralization process. The study is divided into two parts; the first part is to study the effect of flow rate, bed depth, silica concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for ion exchange pilot plant. The second part is to study the effect of pH with the range of 4.5 to 10 on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity by using two kinds of cation (strong and weak cation resins The experimental data collected were represented by two dimensional figures and fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model, with correlation coefficient about 0.98. The best operating condition attaining maximum breakthrough time and higher adsorption capacity at flow rate (12.46 L/hr) and maximum bed depth (50 cm) with minimum silica concentration (o.1ppm) .The system of WAC resin and SBA resin was more effective than a system of SAC&SBA resin in treating boiler blowdown water. The cost estimation is saving 274560 $ by treating boiler blowdown water due to elimination of some processes such as coagulation, filtration and R.O processes, and also reduction in chemicals consumption.

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, Jun 1, 2021

Transportation of heavy crude oil via pipelines possesses many technological issues that are inhe... more Transportation of heavy crude oil via pipelines possesses many technological issues that are inherently flow related. Accurate prediction of flow characteristics is an essential step for a reliable piping design of transporting the crude oil. A rheology-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the Iraqi heavy crude oil flow through a horizontal pipe (1 m length of 3/4 in. inside diameter) was developed using the commercial software Ansys 15 Fluent. By using power law rheological model, the Iraqi heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian dilatant behavior over the examined shear rate range of 1-40 s À1. The proposed axi-symmetric CFD model identifies velocity profile and generates values of friction factor, which are validated with experimental measurements. Additionally, wall shear stress and entrance length were numerically predicted and compared with well-established correlations from the literature for Non-Newtonian flow. Detailed results of the CFD model exhibited a reliable prediction of the characteristics of heavy crude oil flow.

The aim of this work is to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of three-phase fluidized beds. ... more The aim of this work is to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of three-phase fluidized beds. Such as gas-holdup, localgas-holdup, bubble rise velocity, minimum fluidization velocity, superficial gas velocity, the physical and liquid rheological properties. The experimental work of gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds system was carried out in QVF glass column 0.106m I.D. and 2 m height. A perforated teflone plate was used as gas distributor, with 53 holes , 7 mm diameter and free surface area of 23.11%.Four of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose concentrations 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 wt%, were used as non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) liquids. Air, O2 and CO2 were used with superficial velocity 0.03-1.4 m/s. Activated carbon with diameter 0.25-0.75mm and density 770 kg/m 3 , Ni-Mo/Al2O3 with diameter 1.8 mm and density 2500 kg/m 3 were used as solid phase. The gas holdup was correlated with dimensionless groups and independent parameters with correlation coefficient is 0.9929, the following correlation is obtained.

ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted on the critical gas velocity and applied power for comple... more ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted on the critical gas velocity and applied power for complete suspension of solid particles in QVF hemispherical bottom gas sparged vessel of 0.46 m inside diameter and 1m height. The operating conditions used; particle size 63-90, 90-125, 125- 180 and 180-250 μm, height of liquid level to vessel diameter ratio 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3, weight of solids 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg. Single ring sparger with holes 1 mm diameter, different gases (air, helium, argon and carbon dioxide), water, kerosene and non-Newtonian liquids (four different concentrations of carboxyl methyl cellulose solutions) were used. Electro-resistivity probe was used to measure the hydrodynamic parameters included bubble rise velocity, bubble diameter, bubble frequency, number of bubbles and gas hold-up. Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2021

An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wa... more An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewaters discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery plant. In this process, a circular aluminum bar was used as a sacrificial anode, and hallow cylinder made from stainless steel was used as a cathode in a tubular batch electrochemical Reactor. Impacts of the operating factors like current density (5-25mAcm-2), NaCl addition at concentrations (0-2g/l), and pH at values (3-11) on the COD removal efficiency were studied. Results revealed that the increase in current density increases the COD removal efficiency, whereas an increase in NaCl concentration results in a decline in the COD removal efficiency. Using a pH value higher or lower than 7 causes a lowering of the COD removal efficiency. A current density of 15mA/cm2, NaCl concentration of 1g/l, and pH value of 7 were found to be the best operating conditions in which COD removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved at a treatment time 45 minutes with an energy consumption of 27.78kWh/kg COD. Based on these conditions, a COD value of 20 ppm could be obtained, which is below the standard limit for discharging petroleum refinery effluents.

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Jun 30, 2017

PPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and variou... more PPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and various extrusion pressures according to the phase inversion method. Cross-sectional area and outer structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In additional to the pore size distribution, either the mean roughness or the mean pore size of the PPSU hollow fiber surfaces was evaluated by AFM. It was found that the morphology of the PPSU fibers had both sponge-like and finger-like structures through different extrusion pressures and PPSU concentrations. The mean pore size and mean roughness for inner and outer surfaces were seen to be decreased with the increase of extrusion pressure at two different PPSU concentrations. Moreover, the lead ion rejection was significantly improved from 19 to 78 % with increasing the extrusion pressure from 2.5 to 3 bar at 25 wt.% PPSU concentration.

مجلة البحوث و الدراسات النفطية, May 6, 2021

The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / ... more The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / Zubair 1 Warehouse causes very high pollution in the land. The aim of this study is to find possible ways to treat such produced water and to remove turbidity through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and adsorption. Experimental tests of the properties for natural produced water such as turbidity, pH, TDS, TSS, and oil content found out that oil content = 137 mg/L and turbidity = 122 NTU. The produced water is treated with two types of coagulant poly aluminum chloride, alum and with two other types of adsorbent (Bentonite , Zeolite (Cation and Anion)). The coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation experiments are performed using a Jar-test device and adsorption experiments , and a magnetic stirrer device are used at different times, speeds, and concentrations. It is found through the practical results that the best dosages of (poly aluminum chloride and alum) are (3, 35, 6.75, and 30) mg/L to obtain R% (96.3, 93, 99, and 98.9), respectively. It is found from the experimental results of adsorption that the best results of weight adsorbent, stirrer time and stirrer speed to obtain maximum removal efficiency are (6 gram anion zeolite ,15 minute and 920 rpm) R% (98 , 97.8 and 99.2), respectively. It is found that the best results are poor at different parameters, except when it is used (2) gram of bentonite obtained R% of turbidity weight, stirrer time and stirrer speed by bentonite and zeolite (cation and anion) were (2 gram). Finally, it was found that removing the oil content by adsorption (97.8) is better than coagulation (96.3). And the results for removing turbidity by coagulation (99) is better than adsorption (97.4) .

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Feb 1, 2009

This experimental study is aimed at investigating the effect of superficial gas velocity, liquid ... more This experimental study is aimed at investigating the effect of superficial gas velocity, liquid phase properties and gas distribution on gas holdup, bubble characteristics and drag coefficient in two-phase bubble column. Various liquids covering a sufficiently broad range of viscosity and surface tension values were employed, while the gas phase was atmospheric air. Aqueous glycerine solutions were used to simulate the behavior of coalescing viscous liquids whereas aqueous alcohol solutions were used to simulate the behavior of non-coalescing organic liquids. The experimental results obtained with two different types of gas distributor in the coalescence solutions and in non coalescence solutions were compared with data on standard air-water system. A computerized conductivity probe system and high speed digital camera were used for the systematic measurements of bubble size, velocity and gas holdup. Correlations based on dimensionless groups were proposed for the prediction of gas holdup and drag coefficient in the homogeneous flow regime.

Arabian journal for science and engineering, Sep 4, 2015

Copper ion Cu(II) is among the main pollutants present in excessive amounts in underground water ... more Copper ion Cu(II) is among the main pollutants present in excessive amounts in underground water in many locations in Iraq. The present work studies adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from well water using waste materials such as watermelon shell, lemon, and banana peels. Influences of many parameters like initial concentration, dosing, contact time, pH, and particle sizing were examined. The elimination efficiency of the watermelon shell was 90 % compared with that of lemon Peel was 78 %, while for banana Peel was observed to be 65 %. Meanwhile, the highest possible adsorption capacity was 9.54 mg/g for watermelon shell, 8.24 mg/g for lemon peel, and 7.65 mg/g for banana peel. The column test was applied to the real well water, confirmed that reloading of the column could enhance its own removing efficiencies by 15-30 %. However, characterization of adsorption of the watermelon shell, measured from FTIR and SEM micrograph, verified that watermelon shell is a powerful adsorbent due to its own functional groups as well as cavities on its surface texture. In the same context, comparison between adsorption capability of watermelon shell and both Langmuir and even Freundlich models points out that Langmuir is much better fit the experimental data. Overall results confirm that watermelon shell is an excellent and also alternative adsorbent material for eliminating copper ions. Moreover, it is natural, environmentally friendly, and costeffective for treating contaminated well water in Iraq.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2022

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2021

Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a he... more Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a healthy life, and exhausts natural resources. Major steps must be taken to initiate a new human manner and habits to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste as a part of sustainable development. This research discusses the activity initiate at the Chemical Engineering Department - University of Technology - Baghdad /Iraq to engage faculty members and students at solid waste management’s approaches through adopt classification and sorting of the solid waste at the source. The second stage was to analyze the amounts and types of accumulated solid waste at the chemical engineering department building for one semester starting from 1st February to 30th June. In the same year, the waste examination was recorded each week. The final stage was a questionnaire to some participants (faculty, staff, and students) to investigate staff reluctance to be involved actively in solid waste sorting and motivate more university staff to participate in waste sorting at the source. The results show that the separated solid waste material represented only 35% of the department’s total generated waste through the research period. The total weight of the characterized waste was 448 Kg. Waste paper is the largest percentage of waste with a total weight (155.5 kg), followed by organic (110 kg), plastic (100 kg) and metal (82.5 kg). This research encouraged students to engage in reuse / recycle programs. They formed groups. The first group produced fuel oil from waste plastic by pyrolysis. The second student’s group converted waste paper to card paper.

Maǧallaẗ al-abḥāṯ al-handasiyyaẗ, Nov 4, 2021

Social Science Research Network, 2023

Key Engineering Materials, Apr 10, 2023

This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure tha... more This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure that can use to evaluate gas penetration into mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with non-partial fillers. Many models predicted CO2 permeance over PSF/FCTF-1(MMMs) and were compared to experimental results. The models were compared using standard criteria for validating models, such as the difference in penetrant permeability between the two phases ( and the absolute average relative error percentage. A comparison of those models was carried out based on the widely used model validation criteria, including a convenient measure of penetrant permeability difference between the two phases and absolute average relative error percent. Based on the typical values of morphological characteristics, it was determined that the following models fitted the data in the best order: Lewis‐Nielsen model< Pal model

MATEC web of conferences, 2018

The objective of the study is to treat industrial wastewater and perform a thermodynamic experime... more The objective of the study is to treat industrial wastewater and perform a thermodynamic experimental study for more economical and efficient adsorption process. This has been done by biosorption and chemisorption of chromium ions from synthetic wastewater into already prepared pomegranate peel as a natural adsorbent. Pomegranate peel proved to be an economic solution since it is available locally and it has an elevated adsorption capacity. Adsorption has been done in a fixed bed column (10 cm inside diameter, and 30 cm height) with continuous flow rate of 1 ml/min. The characteristic properties of adsorption for the pomegranate peel, analyzed by FTIR and SEM, proved that pomegranate peel is a good adsorbent because of its effective combinations and holes on its exterior. Also, comparing between adsorption ability of pomegranate peel together with Langmuir and Freundlich models indicates that Langmuir is preferable in fitting the experimental data. However, the elimination efficiency of the pomegranate peel was 90%, and the greatest adsorption capability was 9.45 mg/g. While, thermodynamic study results showed that endothermic adsorption was approved from positive values of ∆H • , also the negative values of ∆G • proved that the adsorption is unprompted and convenient.

Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, Sep 9, 2018

This study is devoted to assess the removal of acid blue dye from simulated industrial wastewater... more This study is devoted to assess the removal of acid blue dye from simulated industrial wastewater by using integrated membrane system of microfiltration to remove the suspended solid followed by reverse osmosis filter (RO). The dye is currently used in Al-Kut textile factory, Wassit Governorate, Iraq. The effect of RO systems on percentage removal of dye and permeate flux were studied under different operating conditions, such as applied pressure (5-10 bar), initial dye concentration (25-100 mg/l) to satisfy the concentration in mentioned factory , at constant pH and room temperature. The results showed that the removal effcienciey were increase with increasing the pressure up to (98%) and the initial concentration of the acid blue dye during 90 min of the operation. While, the permeate flux increases with increasing pressure, Also, the permeate flux was inversely proportional to the dye concentration in the system. The total dissolved solids (TDS) was removed with high efficiency reaching nearly 100% by using RO membrane.

Key Engineering Materials, Dec 26, 2022

Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 re... more Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 reduction of natural gas is essential for purifying the gas and increasing its calorific value. A covalent organic framework (COF) has been developed as a filler in mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) to separate gases. COF materials were chosen because of their economical rate, good thermal and chemical stability, and flexible microporous structure. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant interest for their improved permeability and selectivity in natural gas purification. The results of using COF combined with other chemicals added to MMM. It has been observed that CO2 permeability increases as the COF content in the MMM increases, which enhances the gas-separation performance of the MMM. This review evaluated and analyzed the current scientific and the technical breakthroughs in developing MMMs, especially the unique type of organic fillers, which has been the basis of numerous new research for CO2 separation.

Indian journal of science and technology, Sep 1, 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present work is to study the effect of adding Nano-Al 2 O 3 on the exp... more Objectives: The aim of the present work is to study the effect of adding Nano-Al 2 O 3 on the experimental friction factor and pressure drop for Iraqi crude oil. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The effect of three pipe diameters (0.5, 0.75 and 1 inch), five values of Reynolds number and Nano-Al 2 O 3 concentration (0.002-0.01 wt %) on the friction factor were studied. Findings: The results illustrated that the friction factor is generally decreased with increasing of Nano-Al 2 O 3 concentration and crude oil flow rate. Application/Improvements: There is very low available literature on the drag reduction process by using Nano-Al 2 O 3 as drag reduction agent for Iraqi crude oil.

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Aug 1, 2016

This research includes the removal of pollution produced from used coolant emulsion oils especial... more This research includes the removal of pollution produced from used coolant emulsion oils especially soluble oil (7201) . In many types of liquid effluents, oil-water emulsions can be among the most vexing to treat, even through such streams may contain only very small quantity of oil. Untraditional oil removal operation (electroflotocoagulation) is used in this research, which consist of glass cell 102 cm in height. A sacrificial Aluminum Anode is placed on a perforated glass disc at a distance 24cm from the bottom. Above it is placed the upper electrode, Aluminum cathode is fixed on a movable glass tube. Product water was fed into settling vessels from the outlet arm 17 cm above the glass disc. Oily flocs and aluminum hydroxide were removed by a second side arm 45.5 cm above the product water arm. Sets of experiments were carried out to find the efficiency of electroflotocoagulation to remove the concentrate soluble oil (7201) from water. Multivariables were studied such as: applied potential, space between the two electrodes, settling time and initial soluble oil (7201) concentration. These variables have effect on the soluble oil (7201) percentage removal. The experimental results were represented in two mathematical empirical correlations and three dimensional graphs which describe the soluble oil (7201) removal efficiency as a function of current, settling time and in the second, initial soluble oil (7201) concentration respectively.

Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 2014

This work aims to study the hydrodynamic characteristic of three-phase fluidized beds (water, ker... more This work aims to study the hydrodynamic characteristic of three-phase fluidized beds (water, kerosene, spherical plastic or cylindrical PVC particles). The hydrodynamic parameters were investigated (phase holdup , droplet diameter, droplet rising velocity, particle types and sizes, holes diameter of the liquid distributor, continuous and dispersed phase velocities. The experimental work was carried out using QVF glass 0.106 m I.D. and 2 m height. Three distributors with whole diameters (2.5, 5, 7 mm) were used. Plastic particles with diameters (8, 15 mm) and PVC particles (3.34 mm) were used as a solid phase. Two methods (quick, closing valves and pressure drop method) were used to measure the continuous, dispersed and solid holdup. A cine camera was used to measure the droplet diameter and rising velocity. It was found that the droplet diameter and rising velocity increase with increasing superficial continuous and dispersed velocities. A relationships between the dispersed phase holdup , droplet diameter and rising velocity with continuous and dispersed superficial velocities respectively were obtained Dimensionless correlation for the prediction of the droplet rising velocity was developed.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2010

This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-u... more This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-use for blowdown water in South-Baghdad electric power plant. The pilot plant consisted of two columns of QVF (4.75 cm internal diameter & 90 cm long); cation and anion exchangers' together form the demineralization process. The study is divided into two parts; the first part is to study the effect of flow rate, bed depth, silica concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for ion exchange pilot plant. The second part is to study the effect of pH with the range of 4.5 to 10 on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity by using two kinds of cation (strong and weak cation resins The experimental data collected were represented by two dimensional figures and fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model, with correlation coefficient about 0.98. The best operating condition attaining maximum breakthrough time and higher adsorption capacity at flow rate (12.46 L/hr) and maximum bed depth (50 cm) with minimum silica concentration (o.1ppm) .The system of WAC resin and SBA resin was more effective than a system of SAC&SBA resin in treating boiler blowdown water. The cost estimation is saving 274560 $ by treating boiler blowdown water due to elimination of some processes such as coagulation, filtration and R.O processes, and also reduction in chemicals consumption.

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, Jun 1, 2021

Transportation of heavy crude oil via pipelines possesses many technological issues that are inhe... more Transportation of heavy crude oil via pipelines possesses many technological issues that are inherently flow related. Accurate prediction of flow characteristics is an essential step for a reliable piping design of transporting the crude oil. A rheology-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the Iraqi heavy crude oil flow through a horizontal pipe (1 m length of 3/4 in. inside diameter) was developed using the commercial software Ansys 15 Fluent. By using power law rheological model, the Iraqi heavy crude oil exhibits a non-Newtonian dilatant behavior over the examined shear rate range of 1-40 s À1. The proposed axi-symmetric CFD model identifies velocity profile and generates values of friction factor, which are validated with experimental measurements. Additionally, wall shear stress and entrance length were numerically predicted and compared with well-established correlations from the literature for Non-Newtonian flow. Detailed results of the CFD model exhibited a reliable prediction of the characteristics of heavy crude oil flow.

The aim of this work is to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of three-phase fluidized beds. ... more The aim of this work is to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of three-phase fluidized beds. Such as gas-holdup, localgas-holdup, bubble rise velocity, minimum fluidization velocity, superficial gas velocity, the physical and liquid rheological properties. The experimental work of gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds system was carried out in QVF glass column 0.106m I.D. and 2 m height. A perforated teflone plate was used as gas distributor, with 53 holes , 7 mm diameter and free surface area of 23.11%.Four of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose concentrations 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 wt%, were used as non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) liquids. Air, O2 and CO2 were used with superficial velocity 0.03-1.4 m/s. Activated carbon with diameter 0.25-0.75mm and density 770 kg/m 3 , Ni-Mo/Al2O3 with diameter 1.8 mm and density 2500 kg/m 3 were used as solid phase. The gas holdup was correlated with dimensionless groups and independent parameters with correlation coefficient is 0.9929, the following correlation is obtained.