tim Coole - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by tim Coole

The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival t... more The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival through the Apprenticeship levy Scheme launch. Behind the introduction of the levy lies the UK government’s belief that apprenticeships offer a solution to the skills gaps that are holding the economy back, and a new way for individuals to access higher level skills. The introduction of Higher Education Apprenticeships and work experience/real world interactions built into HE courses are establishing synergies between the two elements of the skills/education system and will allow the apprentices to plot their career through the skills levels up to the Masters level under the scheme. The knowledge economy is driving up the demand for higher level skills and concurrent with this is the notion that, in today's competitive labour market, experience is vital. The new Degree Apprentice will have an effect yet to be determined. The Degree Apprenticeship will provide for the first a formal st...

The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival t... more The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival through the Apprenticeship levy Scheme launch. Behind the introduction of the levy lies the UK government’s belief that apprenticeships offer a solution to the skills gaps that are holding the economy back, and a new way for individuals to access higher level skills. The introduction of Higher Education Apprenticeships and work experience/real world interactions built into HE courses are establishing synergies between the two elements of the skills/education system and will allow the apprentices to plot their career through the skills levels up to the Masters level under the scheme. The knowledge economy is driving up the demand for higher level skills and concurrent with this is the notion that, in today's competitive labour market, experience is vital. The new Degree Apprentice will have an effect yet to be determined. The Degree Apprenticeship will provide for the first a formal st...

Procedia Manufacturing, 2017

The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficien... more The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficiency gains from implementation, adoption is argued from the perspective of leveraging internal capabilities to devolve Industry 4.0 as the driver for creating competitive advantage. Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing methods are presented as mutually supportive, where lean methods are enablers for Industry 4.0 implementation, and conversely, Industry 4.0 realizes the extended lean enterprise. The paper further argues that in addition to appreciating the technical aspects of Industry 4.0, it is necessary to understand the socio-technical requirements to ensure successful implementation.

Procedia Manufacturing, 2017

The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficien... more The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficiency gains from implementation, adoption is argued from the perspective of leveraging internal capabilities to devolve Industry 4.0 as the driver for creating competitive advantage. Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing methods are presented as mutually supportive, where lean methods are enablers for Industry 4.0 implementation, and conversely, Industry 4.0 realizes the extended lean enterprise. The paper further argues that in addition to appreciating the technical aspects of Industry 4.0, it is necessary to understand the socio-technical requirements to ensure successful implementation.

Frequently within the wider literature Traditional and the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) ar... more Frequently within the wider literature Traditional and the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) are presented as competing methods of investigating the source and causal factors of variation in manufacturing process. Though Traditional DOE and Taguchi DOE are structurally different approaches they are both scientifically disciplined methods for investigating and subsequently improving processes resulting in enhanced product and service attributes. This paper reviews and compares both approaches not as competing methods but as a combined body of knowledge against which the appropriate method can be applied relative to the system under investigation. The comparisons are illustrated through case study examples against which the appropriate selection can be judged. Traditional Design of Experiments (DOE) based on the work of R.A. Fisher is considered a powerful method for investigating the source or causal factors for the variation in manufacturing processes. Additionally, the applicatio...

The lean manufacturing model is based around five principles. Creating value in the view of the c... more The lean manufacturing model is based around five principles. Creating value in the view of the customer, defining value added manufacturing processes to create a value stream, creating manufacturing flow, basing production schedules on customer pull and finally promoting a culture of continuous improvement to perfect the aforementioned principles. Of these principles little research has been undertaken to consider the practicalities of creating continuous flow that matches customer pull. Such practicalities apply significantly to manufacturing facilities that produce multiple products across a limited number of resources for a range of customers that pull at different rates. The problem is manifested by the fact that each of the multiple products run at different rates and the set up times vary for each product across each resource. Previous manufacturing capability research has focused on such attributes as quality, cost, flexibility, agility and flexibility and little or no resea...

The purpose of this Chapter is to derive a suitable model to aid the management decision process ... more The purpose of this Chapter is to derive a suitable model to aid the management decision process to quantify the appropriate batch size for the production of automotive body panels that maximises the production capability of the manufacturing facility while maintaining a lean inventory profile. The model is developed against a range of production data that are collated in real time directly off the production facility through an automated data capture system. The manufacture of automotive body panels is by necessity a batch production process. Panels are produced through a series of press tools that are fitted into a production press. The operational speed of a production press far exceeds the consumption rate of a vehicle assembler so it makes economical sense to make a range of panels through a single press line by producing the appropriate batch quantity of each panel. Body panel manufacturing is a process that epitomises the meaning of lean production. Historically, tool changes...

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an improved computational method for determining... more Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an improved computational method for determining the friction factor for turbulent flow in pipes.Design/methodology/approach– Given that the absolute pipe roughness is generally constant in most systems, and that there are few changes to the pipe diameter, the proposed method uses a simplified equation for systems with a specific relative pipe roughness. The accuracy of the estimation of the friction factor using the proposed method is compared to the values obtained using the implicit Colebrook-White equation while the computational efficiency is determined by comparing the time taken to perform 300 million calculations.Findings– The proposed method offers a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and is compared 28 of the explicit equations currently in use.Practical implications– This method enables a simplified equation to offer a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and...

Applied Mathematics, 2014

During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing... more During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing is not known until the crankshaft is fitted to the engine block. Though the build requirements for the engine are consistent, the consumption profile of the different size shell bearings can follow a highly volatile trajectory due to minor variation in the dimensions of the crankshaft and engine block. The paper assesses the suitability of time series models including ARIMA and exponential smoothing as an appropriate method to forecast future requirements. Additionally, a Monte Carlo method is applied through building a VBA simulation tool in Microsoft Excel and comparing the output to the time series forecasts.

Digital Enterprise Technology

The lean manufacturing model through the elimination of waste creates customer value and efficien... more The lean manufacturing model through the elimination of waste creates customer value and efficient manufacturing work flows matched to customer demand. Promoters of the lean model contend that lean manufacturing will become the global manufacturing standard across the totality of industrial applications for the 21 st century. This assertion is assessed across a variety of industrial sectors and the relevance of the lean model is considered within a Digital Enterprise Technology Environment, a construct that serves to manage product life-cycles on a global scale.

International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 2009

ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the research work carried out for the rapid manufactu... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the research work carried out for the rapid manufacture of hydroxyapatite (HA) based components by means of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technique, to be used for bone tissue implantation aiming to replace and/or repair bone defects due to traumatised, damaged or lost bone. SLS is a Rapid Prototyping Technology (RPT) that selectively sinters powders of engineering materials by means of a CO<SUB align=right>2 laser. HA is a bioceramic used since several years for medical applications although being mainly processed by conventional methods (cast, machined or manually produced). For this purpose CAD/CAM, RPT and medical imaging techniques were integrated and this enabled the customised production of anatomical models. This approach provides a direct method of producing HA-based prostheses.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003

Currently, the concept of advanced machining technologies (AMT) includes different processes such... more Currently, the concept of advanced machining technologies (AMT) includes different processes such as high-speed machining, multi-axis machining, etc. The common characteristic between these technologies is that they aim to improve the cutting process. Research done in the past has mainly concentrated on metal machining. In this present research, efforts are made to apply these techniques to the ceramic industry. This work forms part of the ongoing research at Staffordshire University into the application of CNC machining techniques in the production of models and moulds, with regards to the production of tableware and sanitaryware items. This paper focuses on the analysis of multi-axis milling using an anthropomorphic robot to produce near net shape plaster parts. The robotic system was run based on a specific setup that allows multi-axes toolpaths and avoids ''Gimbal Lock'' singularity. The milling tests were carried out on plaster using conventional cutting tools (slot-mills). The design of experiments (DoE) was implemented using factorial techniques. The surface quality and geometric accuracy of the plaster parts were the response variables used to characterise the part quality and test the levels of acceptability of lead/lag angle, feed-rate and robot arm-extension. A mathematical equation based on the geometric accuracy was developed and used to plot flatness contours. Through these plots it is easy to define other possible combinations of feed-rate and robot arm-extension that can be used.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003

... concern. The machining of HA resulted in abrasive tool wear. ... tool. Wear also is a result ... more ... concern. The machining of HA resulted in abrasive tool wear. ... tool. Wear also is a result of the work material reacting with the tool material causing attrition of the tool material and depends on the cutting speed and the feed rate. However ...

British Ceramic Transactions, 2001

The machining of materials used in the ceramic industry, specifically plaster, involves a new stu... more The machining of materials used in the ceramic industry, specifically plaster, involves a new study of the cutting © 2001 IoM Communications L td. process, since the existing machining literature is very limited in this field. Most of the experiments made to date were focused on metal cutting or on fired ceramics machining. Analysis of the applicability of new technologies associ

The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival t... more The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival through the Apprenticeship levy Scheme launch. Behind the introduction of the levy lies the UK government’s belief that apprenticeships offer a solution to the skills gaps that are holding the economy back, and a new way for individuals to access higher level skills. The introduction of Higher Education Apprenticeships and work experience/real world interactions built into HE courses are establishing synergies between the two elements of the skills/education system and will allow the apprentices to plot their career through the skills levels up to the Masters level under the scheme. The knowledge economy is driving up the demand for higher level skills and concurrent with this is the notion that, in today's competitive labour market, experience is vital. The new Degree Apprentice will have an effect yet to be determined. The Degree Apprenticeship will provide for the first a formal st...

The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival t... more The UK Higher Education arena is changing; apprenticeships are currently experiencing a revival through the Apprenticeship levy Scheme launch. Behind the introduction of the levy lies the UK government’s belief that apprenticeships offer a solution to the skills gaps that are holding the economy back, and a new way for individuals to access higher level skills. The introduction of Higher Education Apprenticeships and work experience/real world interactions built into HE courses are establishing synergies between the two elements of the skills/education system and will allow the apprentices to plot their career through the skills levels up to the Masters level under the scheme. The knowledge economy is driving up the demand for higher level skills and concurrent with this is the notion that, in today's competitive labour market, experience is vital. The new Degree Apprentice will have an effect yet to be determined. The Degree Apprenticeship will provide for the first a formal st...

Procedia Manufacturing, 2017

The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficien... more The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficiency gains from implementation, adoption is argued from the perspective of leveraging internal capabilities to devolve Industry 4.0 as the driver for creating competitive advantage. Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing methods are presented as mutually supportive, where lean methods are enablers for Industry 4.0 implementation, and conversely, Industry 4.0 realizes the extended lean enterprise. The paper further argues that in addition to appreciating the technical aspects of Industry 4.0, it is necessary to understand the socio-technical requirements to ensure successful implementation.

Procedia Manufacturing, 2017

The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficien... more The paper reviews the Industry 4.0 infrastructure and that beyond the potential cost and efficiency gains from implementation, adoption is argued from the perspective of leveraging internal capabilities to devolve Industry 4.0 as the driver for creating competitive advantage. Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing methods are presented as mutually supportive, where lean methods are enablers for Industry 4.0 implementation, and conversely, Industry 4.0 realizes the extended lean enterprise. The paper further argues that in addition to appreciating the technical aspects of Industry 4.0, it is necessary to understand the socio-technical requirements to ensure successful implementation.

Frequently within the wider literature Traditional and the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) ar... more Frequently within the wider literature Traditional and the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) are presented as competing methods of investigating the source and causal factors of variation in manufacturing process. Though Traditional DOE and Taguchi DOE are structurally different approaches they are both scientifically disciplined methods for investigating and subsequently improving processes resulting in enhanced product and service attributes. This paper reviews and compares both approaches not as competing methods but as a combined body of knowledge against which the appropriate method can be applied relative to the system under investigation. The comparisons are illustrated through case study examples against which the appropriate selection can be judged. Traditional Design of Experiments (DOE) based on the work of R.A. Fisher is considered a powerful method for investigating the source or causal factors for the variation in manufacturing processes. Additionally, the applicatio...

The lean manufacturing model is based around five principles. Creating value in the view of the c... more The lean manufacturing model is based around five principles. Creating value in the view of the customer, defining value added manufacturing processes to create a value stream, creating manufacturing flow, basing production schedules on customer pull and finally promoting a culture of continuous improvement to perfect the aforementioned principles. Of these principles little research has been undertaken to consider the practicalities of creating continuous flow that matches customer pull. Such practicalities apply significantly to manufacturing facilities that produce multiple products across a limited number of resources for a range of customers that pull at different rates. The problem is manifested by the fact that each of the multiple products run at different rates and the set up times vary for each product across each resource. Previous manufacturing capability research has focused on such attributes as quality, cost, flexibility, agility and flexibility and little or no resea...

The purpose of this Chapter is to derive a suitable model to aid the management decision process ... more The purpose of this Chapter is to derive a suitable model to aid the management decision process to quantify the appropriate batch size for the production of automotive body panels that maximises the production capability of the manufacturing facility while maintaining a lean inventory profile. The model is developed against a range of production data that are collated in real time directly off the production facility through an automated data capture system. The manufacture of automotive body panels is by necessity a batch production process. Panels are produced through a series of press tools that are fitted into a production press. The operational speed of a production press far exceeds the consumption rate of a vehicle assembler so it makes economical sense to make a range of panels through a single press line by producing the appropriate batch quantity of each panel. Body panel manufacturing is a process that epitomises the meaning of lean production. Historically, tool changes...

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an improved computational method for determining... more Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an improved computational method for determining the friction factor for turbulent flow in pipes.Design/methodology/approach– Given that the absolute pipe roughness is generally constant in most systems, and that there are few changes to the pipe diameter, the proposed method uses a simplified equation for systems with a specific relative pipe roughness. The accuracy of the estimation of the friction factor using the proposed method is compared to the values obtained using the implicit Colebrook-White equation while the computational efficiency is determined by comparing the time taken to perform 300 million calculations.Findings– The proposed method offers a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and is compared 28 of the explicit equations currently in use.Practical implications– This method enables a simplified equation to offer a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and...

Applied Mathematics, 2014

During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing... more During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing is not known until the crankshaft is fitted to the engine block. Though the build requirements for the engine are consistent, the consumption profile of the different size shell bearings can follow a highly volatile trajectory due to minor variation in the dimensions of the crankshaft and engine block. The paper assesses the suitability of time series models including ARIMA and exponential smoothing as an appropriate method to forecast future requirements. Additionally, a Monte Carlo method is applied through building a VBA simulation tool in Microsoft Excel and comparing the output to the time series forecasts.

Digital Enterprise Technology

The lean manufacturing model through the elimination of waste creates customer value and efficien... more The lean manufacturing model through the elimination of waste creates customer value and efficient manufacturing work flows matched to customer demand. Promoters of the lean model contend that lean manufacturing will become the global manufacturing standard across the totality of industrial applications for the 21 st century. This assertion is assessed across a variety of industrial sectors and the relevance of the lean model is considered within a Digital Enterprise Technology Environment, a construct that serves to manage product life-cycles on a global scale.

International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 2009

ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the research work carried out for the rapid manufactu... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the research work carried out for the rapid manufacture of hydroxyapatite (HA) based components by means of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technique, to be used for bone tissue implantation aiming to replace and/or repair bone defects due to traumatised, damaged or lost bone. SLS is a Rapid Prototyping Technology (RPT) that selectively sinters powders of engineering materials by means of a CO<SUB align=right>2 laser. HA is a bioceramic used since several years for medical applications although being mainly processed by conventional methods (cast, machined or manually produced). For this purpose CAD/CAM, RPT and medical imaging techniques were integrated and this enabled the customised production of anatomical models. This approach provides a direct method of producing HA-based prostheses.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003

Currently, the concept of advanced machining technologies (AMT) includes different processes such... more Currently, the concept of advanced machining technologies (AMT) includes different processes such as high-speed machining, multi-axis machining, etc. The common characteristic between these technologies is that they aim to improve the cutting process. Research done in the past has mainly concentrated on metal machining. In this present research, efforts are made to apply these techniques to the ceramic industry. This work forms part of the ongoing research at Staffordshire University into the application of CNC machining techniques in the production of models and moulds, with regards to the production of tableware and sanitaryware items. This paper focuses on the analysis of multi-axis milling using an anthropomorphic robot to produce near net shape plaster parts. The robotic system was run based on a specific setup that allows multi-axes toolpaths and avoids ''Gimbal Lock'' singularity. The milling tests were carried out on plaster using conventional cutting tools (slot-mills). The design of experiments (DoE) was implemented using factorial techniques. The surface quality and geometric accuracy of the plaster parts were the response variables used to characterise the part quality and test the levels of acceptability of lead/lag angle, feed-rate and robot arm-extension. A mathematical equation based on the geometric accuracy was developed and used to plot flatness contours. Through these plots it is easy to define other possible combinations of feed-rate and robot arm-extension that can be used.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003

... concern. The machining of HA resulted in abrasive tool wear. ... tool. Wear also is a result ... more ... concern. The machining of HA resulted in abrasive tool wear. ... tool. Wear also is a result of the work material reacting with the tool material causing attrition of the tool material and depends on the cutting speed and the feed rate. However ...

British Ceramic Transactions, 2001

The machining of materials used in the ceramic industry, specifically plaster, involves a new stu... more The machining of materials used in the ceramic industry, specifically plaster, involves a new study of the cutting © 2001 IoM Communications L td. process, since the existing machining literature is very limited in this field. Most of the experiments made to date were focused on metal cutting or on fired ceramics machining. Analysis of the applicability of new technologies associ