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Papers by tati karliati

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Particleboard Made of Agroforestry Residues Bonded with Thermosetting Adhesive Derived from Waste Styrofoam

Polymers, Feb 17, 2024

This paper investigated the upcycling process of thermoplastic waste polystyrene (WPS) into therm... more This paper investigated the upcycling process of thermoplastic waste polystyrene (WPS) into thermosetting particleboard adhesive using two cross-linkers, namely methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA). The WPS was dissolved in an organic co-solvent. The weight ratio of WPS/co-solvent was 1:9, and 10% of cross-linkers based on the WPS solids content were added subsequently at 60 • C under continuous stirring for 30 min. The adhesive properties, cohesion strength, and thermo-mechanical properties of WPS-based adhesives were examined to investigate the change of thermoplastic WPS to thermosetting adhesives. The bonding strength of WPS-based adhesives was evaluated in particleboard made of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) wood and rice straw particles at different weight ratios according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908:2003. Rheology and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis revealed that modification with MDI and MA resulted in thermosetting properties in WPS-based adhesives by increasing the viscosity at a temperature above 72.7 • C and reaching the maximum storage modulus above 90.8 • C. WPS modified with MDI had a lower activation energy (Ea) value (83.4 kJ/mole) compared to the WPS modified with MA (150.8 kJ/mole), indicating the cross-linking with MDI was much faster compared with MA. Particleboard fabricated from 100% sengon wood particles bonded with WPS modified with MDI fulfilled the minimum requirement of JIS A 5908:2003 for interior applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Washing and Chopping Pre-treatment Effect of Vetiver Roots on Vetiver Oil Yield and Distillation Time

IOP conference series, Nov 1, 2021

Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite th... more Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite the increasing market demand, the productivity of vetiver oil in Indonesia still consider low. One of the determinant factors of the extraction yield is the pre-treatment before distillation. This study aimed to determine the best pre-treatment method to improve the vetiver oil extraction using water and steam distillation by looking at the yield, distillation rate, and forecasted distillation duration. The distillation process was using water and steam distillation method for 9 hours. The data analysis method used Durbin-Watson autocorrelation analysis. The feasibility test of polynomial regression was modelled with the F test and ANOVA variance test. The result showed that the combination of washing 2-3 times and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots with a size of ± 5 cm could significantly increase the extracted vetiver oil by producing the highest yield (0.36% (wet-based) and 0.47% (dry based)), the highest extraction rate (0.057%/h) and the fastest forecasted duration of the distillation (10.5 hours). The combination of washing and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots was the best method and could be an economical solution for low productivity problems of vetiver oil in Indonesia.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis Behavior of Openings on Full-Size Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Frame Shear Walls Tested Monotonically

Forests

Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear wa... more Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear walls. This study aims to determine the behavior of shear wall panel cross-laminated-timber-based mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd) (CLT-mangium) in earthquake-resistant prefabricated houses. The earthquake performance of CLT mangium frame shear walls panels has been studied using monotonic tests. The shear walls were constructed using CLT-mangium measuring 2400 mm × 1200 mm × 68 mm with various design patterns (straight sheathing, diagonal sheathing/45°, windowed shear wall with diagonal pattern and a door shear wall with a diagonal pattern). Shear wall testing was carried out using a racking test, and seismic force calculations were obtained using static equivalent earthquake analysis. CLT-mangium sheathing installed horizontally (straight sheathing) is relatively weak compared to the diagonal sheathing, but it is easier and more flexible to manufacture. The diagonal sheathing type is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Characterization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells on Various Particle Scales as Filler Agent in Composite Materials

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

www.woodj.org -256 - Carbon materials are attractive electrode materials because of their relativ... more www.woodj.org -256 - Carbon materials are attractive electrode materials because of their relatively low cost, high surface area, and availability . Since the discovery of activated carbon (AC), there has been great interest in its synthesis because of its remarkable adsorptive, environmental, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characteristics. Carbon can be obtained from various sour-ces and may have varied surface areas, porosities, and other properties. Therefore, the incorporation of carbonbased materials as particulate fillers in composites should be further researched and developed. Agricultural-based biomass is an appropriate and inexpensive precursor to produce AC. AC is a predominantly amorphous solid with a large internal surface area and pore volume. Numerous attempts have been made to produce AC (with well-developed pore structures and

Research paper thumbnail of Karakteristik Papan Partikel Campuran Serbuk Gergajian Kayu Sengon Dan Kulit Buah Kopi Dengan Perekat Dekstrin Tepung Onggok

Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

Limbah hasil hutan dan pertanian saat ini belum memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik maka pembuatan ... more Limbah hasil hutan dan pertanian saat ini belum memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik maka pembuatan papan partikel bisa menjadi solusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisis dan mekanis papan partikel dari campuran serbuk gergajian kayu sengon dan kulit buah kopi menggunakan perekat dekstrin dari pati tepung onggok. Pembuatan dekstrin dilakukan dengan cara menyemprotkan asam klorida (HCl) dengan konsentrasi 5% sebanyak 5 mL terhadap 80 g pati tepung onggok, kemudian dioven pada suhu 130°C selama 3 jam. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pembuatan papan partikel dengan target kerapatan 0,6 g/cm3. Untuk mengetahui komposisi campuran bahan yang optimal, papan partikel dibuat dengan empat komposisi bahan campuran antara serbuk gergajian kayu sengon dengan kulit buah kopi dengan perbandingan berat: 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50% dan 25%:75%. Perekat dekstrin yang digunakan dalam pembuatan papan partikel sebanyak 20% dari berat kering tanur partikel dan dilakukan pengempaan p...

Research paper thumbnail of Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from surian (Toona sinensis Roem) compared to sengon (Paraserianthes. falcataria L Nielsen) and rubber (karet) (Hevea brasiliensis Muell) wood which bonded with the common phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. LVL was assembled from 7 plies veneer with the final moisture content (MC) of veneer is about eight percent. The parameters of LVL i.e., MC, density, percentage of delamination, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), horizontal shear strength (flat and edge direction) and formaldehyde emission were evaluated according to Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS). The result showed that delamination ratio value was zero percent. The most interesting finding was the value of formaldehyde emission of both PF and UF-surian LVL were lower than PF and UF rubber or sengon LVL due to their F4S classification of JAS. Values of MOR and horizontal shear stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Gutta Percha and Its Application as Plywood Adhesive

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 2012

Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4-isoprene rubber and obtai... more Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4-isoprene rubber and obtained from Palaquium tree through extraction of leaf or tapping of stem. The purposes of this research were to characterize the gutta percha and its application for wood (plywood) adhesive. Characteristics of gutta percha evaluated in this experiment were moisture content (MC), density, ash content, melting and decomposition temperatures. Plywood performance were evaluated under SNI 01-50019.10-2001 standard. Four different glue spread i.e.,175, 200, 225 and 250 g m -2 were introduced in this experiment. Five percent of maleic anhydride (MAH) and 1% of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used as a modifier and an initiator, respectively. The result showed that gutta percha has white to creamy color. The density, MC and ash content of gutta percha were 1.01 g cm -3 , 6.09%, and 0.074% respectively. The melting and decomposition temperatures of gutta percha were noted 72.6°C and 482.2°C, respectively. Modification of gutta percha with 5% MAH enhanced the shear strength of resulted plywood. Modified gutta percha with 5% MAH in absence of BPO with glue spread of 250 g.cm -2 can be used for interior and exterior plywood adhesive. Their shear strength value fulfilled the requirement of SNI 01-5008.2-1999 standard.

Research paper thumbnail of Washing and Chopping Pre-treatment Effect of Vetiver Roots on Vetiver Oil Yield and Distillation Time

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite th... more Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite the increasing market demand, the productivity of vetiver oil in Indonesia still consider low. One of the determinant factors of the extraction yield is the pre-treatment before distillation. This study aimed to determine the best pre-treatment method to improve the vetiver oil extraction using water and steam distillation by looking at the yield, distillation rate, and forecasted distillation duration. The distillation process was using water and steam distillation method for 9 hours. The data analysis method used Durbin-Watson autocorrelation analysis. The feasibility test of polynomial regression was modelled with the F test and ANOVA variance test. The result showed that the combination of washing 2-3 times and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots with a size of ± 5 cm could significantly increase the extracted vetiver oil by producing the highest yield (0.36% (wet-based) and 0.47%...

Research paper thumbnail of Trans-1.4-Isoprene Rubber as Hot Melt Adhesive

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of EFFECTS OF VINEGAR WASTE LOGGING BASED STIMULANT ON PRODUCTION OF RESIN FROM Pinus merkusii Jungh. Et De Vriese

Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2019

As the demand for increased pine rosin products, many attempts have been made to increase the pro... more As the demand for increased pine rosin products, many attempts have been made to increase the production of pine oleoresin. Stimulant treatment is another effective treatment of increase of pine oleoresin productivity. The present study was undertaken to the effects vinegar waste logging based stimulant to increasing the pine resin production. The stimulant application was doing by dissolved 1L vinegar waste logging components with 1L oil cooking. Exactly 1cc of a mixture of such stimulants sprayed on quarre area. Pine oleoresin collection from each diameter class and various of vinegar waste logging stimulant was carried out every 3 days/period (12 days for 4 periods). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS software version 17. The highest resin production of 52.64 g/quarre/tree was recorded from the VL stimulant and the lowest resin production of 30.97 g/quarre/tree was found in the VF stimulant. Meanwhile, the VW of stimulant resulted in maximum pine oleoresin production (50.34 g/quarre/tree). Improvement of resin productivity by 36.70% -199.07% per collection. There is a correlation between type of stimulant and class diameter on productivity of pine oleoresin. The use of vinegar leaf stimulants can increase the production of resin per collection more than vinegar wood and vinegar fruit, both on the use in class diameter above 50 cm and below 50 cm. Vinegar waste logging based stimulant is stimulant safe and environmentally friendly.

Research paper thumbnail of Gutta-Percha-based Adhesive for Laminated Wood Production

Research paper thumbnail of A study on fracture toughness of nano-structured carbon black-filled epoxy composites

Polymer Bulletin, 2020

Carbon black (CB)-filled epoxy nanocomposites were produced by mixing the desired amount of nano-... more Carbon black (CB)-filled epoxy nanocomposites were produced by mixing the desired amount of nano-structured CB (CBNFs) from biomass waste (i.e., bagasse, bamboo, and oil palm shell) with the epoxy resin. The fracture toughness characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% (based on wt.% of epoxy) filler loading were observed using the Vickers hardness test, and the surface morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results showed a decrease in fracture toughness, mainly due to cracked bridging of CB nanograins formed onto the epoxy matrix. The size of the cleavage plane decreased after the infusion of the CBNFs. It implied that the path of the crack tip was distorted because of the CBNFs, making crack propagation more difficult. The physical and mechanical properties increased when the epoxy composites containing 1% to 5% CBNFs although it was decreased at 10% CBNFs filler loading. One key finding was the morphological interaction between the CNBFs and epoxy matrix shows that various types of fracture toughness were identified, such as voids, crack propagation paths, bridging effect, and branching effects of cracks.

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Gutta Percha and Its Application as Plywood Adhesive

Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4- isoprene rubber and obta... more Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4- isoprene rubber and obtained from Palaquium tree through extraction of leaf or tapping of stem. The purposes of this research were to characterize the gutta percha and its application for wood (plywood) adhesive. Characteristics of gutta percha evaluated in this experiment were moisture content (MC), density, ash content, melting and decomposition temperatures. Plywood performance were evaluated under SNI 01-50019.10-2001 standard. Four different glue spread i.e.,175, 200, 225 and 250 g m-2 were introduced in this experiment. Five percent of maleic anhydride (MAH) and 1% of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used as a modifier and an initiator, respectively. The result showed that gutta percha has white to creamy color. The density, MC and ash content of gutta percha were 1.01 g cm-3, 6.09%, and 0.074% respectively. The melting and decomposition temperatures of gutta percha were noted 72.6°C and 482.2°C, respectively....

Research paper thumbnail of Ketahanan Batang Kelapa Sawit Diimpregnasi Resin Pinus dan Serbuk Kayu Surian Terhadap Rayap dan Cuaca

JURNAL SELULOSA

The Resistance of Pine Resin and Surian Wood Sawdust Impregnated Oil Palm Stem Against Termite an... more The Resistance of Pine Resin and Surian Wood Sawdust Impregnated Oil Palm Stem Against Termite and WeatheringImpregnation substances into the oil palm trunks are one way to improve the oil palm trunk quality. This paper studies the optimum formulation of oil palm trunk impregnanted pine resin and Surian sawdust against dry-wood and subterranean termites as well as weathering performance. Impregnant concentration variations were mixtures of Tusam resin and Surian wood sawdust of 0% (RS0), 4% (RS1), 6% (RS2), and 8% (RS3) with three replications. Dry-wood termite test, subterranean termite test, and weather resistance test were carried out for 12 weeks of observation. The results showed that RS3 treatments were the optimum formulation of impregnated material used for oil palm trunk based on its resistance against dry-wood and subterranean termites resistance, while RS0 treatments were the optimum formula for weathering performances.Keywords: impregnation, oil palm trunk, pine resin, s...

Research paper thumbnail of Gutta percha (Palaquium oblongifolium) resin as a hot melt adhesive

Research paper thumbnail of Bionanomaterial from agricultural waste and its application

Agricultural waste has significant potential in composites due to its high strength, availability... more Agricultural waste has significant potential in composites due to its high strength, availability, and sustainability. The potential of agricultural waste has sparked a lot of research to find ways to use these materials as replacements for synthetic materials and for biocomposite polymer products. Pineapple, rice husk, oil palm, banana, coconut, etc., are sources of renewable energy. Their availability comes especially from plantations and waste from some other agricultural industries. Lignocellulose is a major component of agricultural waste and consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, it represents a major source of natural fibers as an alternative raw material for biocomposites. Now, there are many potential applications for bionanocomposites that have been explored, such as packaging, automotive, and others application. This chapter will concentrate on the fundamental properties of different agriculture wastes. At the end, some points regarding nanocomposi...

Research paper thumbnail of Modifikasi Karet Trans-1,4-Isoprena dengan Anhidrida Maleat dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Perekat dlam Pembuatan Kayu Lapis

Research paper thumbnail of Kayu Surian sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Produk Perekatan Kayu Masa Depan (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from surian (Toona sinensis Roem) compared to sengon (Paraserianthes. falcataria L Nielsen) and rubber (karet) (Hevea brasiliensis Muell) wood which bonded with the common phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. LVL was assembled from 7 plies veneer with the final moisture content (MC) of veneer is about eight percent. The parameters of LVL i.e., MC, density, percentage of delamination, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), horizontal shear strength (flat and edge direction) and formaldehyde emission were evaluated according to Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS). The result showed that delamination ratio value was zero percent. The most interesting finding was the value of formaldehyde emission of both PF and UF-surian LVL were lower than PF and UF rubber or sengon LVL due to their F4S classification of JAS. Values of MOR and horizontal shear stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties

In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has rece... more In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology a...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Particleboard Made of Agroforestry Residues Bonded with Thermosetting Adhesive Derived from Waste Styrofoam

Polymers, Feb 17, 2024

This paper investigated the upcycling process of thermoplastic waste polystyrene (WPS) into therm... more This paper investigated the upcycling process of thermoplastic waste polystyrene (WPS) into thermosetting particleboard adhesive using two cross-linkers, namely methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA). The WPS was dissolved in an organic co-solvent. The weight ratio of WPS/co-solvent was 1:9, and 10% of cross-linkers based on the WPS solids content were added subsequently at 60 • C under continuous stirring for 30 min. The adhesive properties, cohesion strength, and thermo-mechanical properties of WPS-based adhesives were examined to investigate the change of thermoplastic WPS to thermosetting adhesives. The bonding strength of WPS-based adhesives was evaluated in particleboard made of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) wood and rice straw particles at different weight ratios according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908:2003. Rheology and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis revealed that modification with MDI and MA resulted in thermosetting properties in WPS-based adhesives by increasing the viscosity at a temperature above 72.7 • C and reaching the maximum storage modulus above 90.8 • C. WPS modified with MDI had a lower activation energy (Ea) value (83.4 kJ/mole) compared to the WPS modified with MA (150.8 kJ/mole), indicating the cross-linking with MDI was much faster compared with MA. Particleboard fabricated from 100% sengon wood particles bonded with WPS modified with MDI fulfilled the minimum requirement of JIS A 5908:2003 for interior applications.

Research paper thumbnail of Washing and Chopping Pre-treatment Effect of Vetiver Roots on Vetiver Oil Yield and Distillation Time

IOP conference series, Nov 1, 2021

Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite th... more Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite the increasing market demand, the productivity of vetiver oil in Indonesia still consider low. One of the determinant factors of the extraction yield is the pre-treatment before distillation. This study aimed to determine the best pre-treatment method to improve the vetiver oil extraction using water and steam distillation by looking at the yield, distillation rate, and forecasted distillation duration. The distillation process was using water and steam distillation method for 9 hours. The data analysis method used Durbin-Watson autocorrelation analysis. The feasibility test of polynomial regression was modelled with the F test and ANOVA variance test. The result showed that the combination of washing 2-3 times and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots with a size of ± 5 cm could significantly increase the extracted vetiver oil by producing the highest yield (0.36% (wet-based) and 0.47% (dry based)), the highest extraction rate (0.057%/h) and the fastest forecasted duration of the distillation (10.5 hours). The combination of washing and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots was the best method and could be an economical solution for low productivity problems of vetiver oil in Indonesia.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis Behavior of Openings on Full-Size Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Frame Shear Walls Tested Monotonically

Forests

Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear wa... more Walls, as components of the lateral-force-resisting system of a building, are defined as shear walls. This study aims to determine the behavior of shear wall panel cross-laminated-timber-based mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd) (CLT-mangium) in earthquake-resistant prefabricated houses. The earthquake performance of CLT mangium frame shear walls panels has been studied using monotonic tests. The shear walls were constructed using CLT-mangium measuring 2400 mm × 1200 mm × 68 mm with various design patterns (straight sheathing, diagonal sheathing/45°, windowed shear wall with diagonal pattern and a door shear wall with a diagonal pattern). Shear wall testing was carried out using a racking test, and seismic force calculations were obtained using static equivalent earthquake analysis. CLT-mangium sheathing installed horizontally (straight sheathing) is relatively weak compared to the diagonal sheathing, but it is easier and more flexible to manufacture. The diagonal sheathing type is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Characterization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells on Various Particle Scales as Filler Agent in Composite Materials

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

www.woodj.org -256 - Carbon materials are attractive electrode materials because of their relativ... more www.woodj.org -256 - Carbon materials are attractive electrode materials because of their relatively low cost, high surface area, and availability . Since the discovery of activated carbon (AC), there has been great interest in its synthesis because of its remarkable adsorptive, environmental, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characteristics. Carbon can be obtained from various sour-ces and may have varied surface areas, porosities, and other properties. Therefore, the incorporation of carbonbased materials as particulate fillers in composites should be further researched and developed. Agricultural-based biomass is an appropriate and inexpensive precursor to produce AC. AC is a predominantly amorphous solid with a large internal surface area and pore volume. Numerous attempts have been made to produce AC (with well-developed pore structures and

Research paper thumbnail of Karakteristik Papan Partikel Campuran Serbuk Gergajian Kayu Sengon Dan Kulit Buah Kopi Dengan Perekat Dekstrin Tepung Onggok

Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

Limbah hasil hutan dan pertanian saat ini belum memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik maka pembuatan ... more Limbah hasil hutan dan pertanian saat ini belum memiliki nilai ekonomis yang baik maka pembuatan papan partikel bisa menjadi solusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisis dan mekanis papan partikel dari campuran serbuk gergajian kayu sengon dan kulit buah kopi menggunakan perekat dekstrin dari pati tepung onggok. Pembuatan dekstrin dilakukan dengan cara menyemprotkan asam klorida (HCl) dengan konsentrasi 5% sebanyak 5 mL terhadap 80 g pati tepung onggok, kemudian dioven pada suhu 130°C selama 3 jam. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pembuatan papan partikel dengan target kerapatan 0,6 g/cm3. Untuk mengetahui komposisi campuran bahan yang optimal, papan partikel dibuat dengan empat komposisi bahan campuran antara serbuk gergajian kayu sengon dengan kulit buah kopi dengan perbandingan berat: 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50% dan 25%:75%. Perekat dekstrin yang digunakan dalam pembuatan papan partikel sebanyak 20% dari berat kering tanur partikel dan dilakukan pengempaan p...

Research paper thumbnail of Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from surian (Toona sinensis Roem) compared to sengon (Paraserianthes. falcataria L Nielsen) and rubber (karet) (Hevea brasiliensis Muell) wood which bonded with the common phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. LVL was assembled from 7 plies veneer with the final moisture content (MC) of veneer is about eight percent. The parameters of LVL i.e., MC, density, percentage of delamination, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), horizontal shear strength (flat and edge direction) and formaldehyde emission were evaluated according to Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS). The result showed that delamination ratio value was zero percent. The most interesting finding was the value of formaldehyde emission of both PF and UF-surian LVL were lower than PF and UF rubber or sengon LVL due to their F4S classification of JAS. Values of MOR and horizontal shear stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Gutta Percha and Its Application as Plywood Adhesive

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 2012

Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4-isoprene rubber and obtai... more Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4-isoprene rubber and obtained from Palaquium tree through extraction of leaf or tapping of stem. The purposes of this research were to characterize the gutta percha and its application for wood (plywood) adhesive. Characteristics of gutta percha evaluated in this experiment were moisture content (MC), density, ash content, melting and decomposition temperatures. Plywood performance were evaluated under SNI 01-50019.10-2001 standard. Four different glue spread i.e.,175, 200, 225 and 250 g m -2 were introduced in this experiment. Five percent of maleic anhydride (MAH) and 1% of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used as a modifier and an initiator, respectively. The result showed that gutta percha has white to creamy color. The density, MC and ash content of gutta percha were 1.01 g cm -3 , 6.09%, and 0.074% respectively. The melting and decomposition temperatures of gutta percha were noted 72.6°C and 482.2°C, respectively. Modification of gutta percha with 5% MAH enhanced the shear strength of resulted plywood. Modified gutta percha with 5% MAH in absence of BPO with glue spread of 250 g.cm -2 can be used for interior and exterior plywood adhesive. Their shear strength value fulfilled the requirement of SNI 01-5008.2-1999 standard.

Research paper thumbnail of Washing and Chopping Pre-treatment Effect of Vetiver Roots on Vetiver Oil Yield and Distillation Time

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite th... more Vetiver is a type of grass mainly used for its roots to be extracted into vetiver oil. Despite the increasing market demand, the productivity of vetiver oil in Indonesia still consider low. One of the determinant factors of the extraction yield is the pre-treatment before distillation. This study aimed to determine the best pre-treatment method to improve the vetiver oil extraction using water and steam distillation by looking at the yield, distillation rate, and forecasted distillation duration. The distillation process was using water and steam distillation method for 9 hours. The data analysis method used Durbin-Watson autocorrelation analysis. The feasibility test of polynomial regression was modelled with the F test and ANOVA variance test. The result showed that the combination of washing 2-3 times and chopping pre-treatments of vetiver roots with a size of ± 5 cm could significantly increase the extracted vetiver oil by producing the highest yield (0.36% (wet-based) and 0.47%...

Research paper thumbnail of Trans-1.4-Isoprene Rubber as Hot Melt Adhesive

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of EFFECTS OF VINEGAR WASTE LOGGING BASED STIMULANT ON PRODUCTION OF RESIN FROM Pinus merkusii Jungh. Et De Vriese

Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2019

As the demand for increased pine rosin products, many attempts have been made to increase the pro... more As the demand for increased pine rosin products, many attempts have been made to increase the production of pine oleoresin. Stimulant treatment is another effective treatment of increase of pine oleoresin productivity. The present study was undertaken to the effects vinegar waste logging based stimulant to increasing the pine resin production. The stimulant application was doing by dissolved 1L vinegar waste logging components with 1L oil cooking. Exactly 1cc of a mixture of such stimulants sprayed on quarre area. Pine oleoresin collection from each diameter class and various of vinegar waste logging stimulant was carried out every 3 days/period (12 days for 4 periods). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS software version 17. The highest resin production of 52.64 g/quarre/tree was recorded from the VL stimulant and the lowest resin production of 30.97 g/quarre/tree was found in the VF stimulant. Meanwhile, the VW of stimulant resulted in maximum pine oleoresin production (50.34 g/quarre/tree). Improvement of resin productivity by 36.70% -199.07% per collection. There is a correlation between type of stimulant and class diameter on productivity of pine oleoresin. The use of vinegar leaf stimulants can increase the production of resin per collection more than vinegar wood and vinegar fruit, both on the use in class diameter above 50 cm and below 50 cm. Vinegar waste logging based stimulant is stimulant safe and environmentally friendly.

Research paper thumbnail of Gutta-Percha-based Adhesive for Laminated Wood Production

Research paper thumbnail of A study on fracture toughness of nano-structured carbon black-filled epoxy composites

Polymer Bulletin, 2020

Carbon black (CB)-filled epoxy nanocomposites were produced by mixing the desired amount of nano-... more Carbon black (CB)-filled epoxy nanocomposites were produced by mixing the desired amount of nano-structured CB (CBNFs) from biomass waste (i.e., bagasse, bamboo, and oil palm shell) with the epoxy resin. The fracture toughness characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% (based on wt.% of epoxy) filler loading were observed using the Vickers hardness test, and the surface morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results showed a decrease in fracture toughness, mainly due to cracked bridging of CB nanograins formed onto the epoxy matrix. The size of the cleavage plane decreased after the infusion of the CBNFs. It implied that the path of the crack tip was distorted because of the CBNFs, making crack propagation more difficult. The physical and mechanical properties increased when the epoxy composites containing 1% to 5% CBNFs although it was decreased at 10% CBNFs filler loading. One key finding was the morphological interaction between the CNBFs and epoxy matrix shows that various types of fracture toughness were identified, such as voids, crack propagation paths, bridging effect, and branching effects of cracks.

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of Gutta Percha and Its Application as Plywood Adhesive

Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4- isoprene rubber and obta... more Gutta percha resin is a biodegradable and renewable elastomer trans-1,4- isoprene rubber and obtained from Palaquium tree through extraction of leaf or tapping of stem. The purposes of this research were to characterize the gutta percha and its application for wood (plywood) adhesive. Characteristics of gutta percha evaluated in this experiment were moisture content (MC), density, ash content, melting and decomposition temperatures. Plywood performance were evaluated under SNI 01-50019.10-2001 standard. Four different glue spread i.e.,175, 200, 225 and 250 g m-2 were introduced in this experiment. Five percent of maleic anhydride (MAH) and 1% of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used as a modifier and an initiator, respectively. The result showed that gutta percha has white to creamy color. The density, MC and ash content of gutta percha were 1.01 g cm-3, 6.09%, and 0.074% respectively. The melting and decomposition temperatures of gutta percha were noted 72.6°C and 482.2°C, respectively....

Research paper thumbnail of Ketahanan Batang Kelapa Sawit Diimpregnasi Resin Pinus dan Serbuk Kayu Surian Terhadap Rayap dan Cuaca

JURNAL SELULOSA

The Resistance of Pine Resin and Surian Wood Sawdust Impregnated Oil Palm Stem Against Termite an... more The Resistance of Pine Resin and Surian Wood Sawdust Impregnated Oil Palm Stem Against Termite and WeatheringImpregnation substances into the oil palm trunks are one way to improve the oil palm trunk quality. This paper studies the optimum formulation of oil palm trunk impregnanted pine resin and Surian sawdust against dry-wood and subterranean termites as well as weathering performance. Impregnant concentration variations were mixtures of Tusam resin and Surian wood sawdust of 0% (RS0), 4% (RS1), 6% (RS2), and 8% (RS3) with three replications. Dry-wood termite test, subterranean termite test, and weather resistance test were carried out for 12 weeks of observation. The results showed that RS3 treatments were the optimum formulation of impregnated material used for oil palm trunk based on its resistance against dry-wood and subterranean termites resistance, while RS0 treatments were the optimum formula for weathering performances.Keywords: impregnation, oil palm trunk, pine resin, s...

Research paper thumbnail of Gutta percha (Palaquium oblongifolium) resin as a hot melt adhesive

Research paper thumbnail of Bionanomaterial from agricultural waste and its application

Agricultural waste has significant potential in composites due to its high strength, availability... more Agricultural waste has significant potential in composites due to its high strength, availability, and sustainability. The potential of agricultural waste has sparked a lot of research to find ways to use these materials as replacements for synthetic materials and for biocomposite polymer products. Pineapple, rice husk, oil palm, banana, coconut, etc., are sources of renewable energy. Their availability comes especially from plantations and waste from some other agricultural industries. Lignocellulose is a major component of agricultural waste and consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, it represents a major source of natural fibers as an alternative raw material for biocomposites. Now, there are many potential applications for bionanocomposites that have been explored, such as packaging, automotive, and others application. This chapter will concentrate on the fundamental properties of different agriculture wastes. At the end, some points regarding nanocomposi...

Research paper thumbnail of Modifikasi Karet Trans-1,4-Isoprena dengan Anhidrida Maleat dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Perekat dlam Pembuatan Kayu Lapis

Research paper thumbnail of Kayu Surian sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Produk Perekatan Kayu Masa Depan (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Surian (wood as an Alternative Material for Bonded Wood Products in the Future (II): Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL))

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from surian (Toona sinensis Roem) compared to sengon (Paraserianthes. falcataria L Nielsen) and rubber (karet) (Hevea brasiliensis Muell) wood which bonded with the common phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. LVL was assembled from 7 plies veneer with the final moisture content (MC) of veneer is about eight percent. The parameters of LVL i.e., MC, density, percentage of delamination, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), horizontal shear strength (flat and edge direction) and formaldehyde emission were evaluated according to Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS). The result showed that delamination ratio value was zero percent. The most interesting finding was the value of formaldehyde emission of both PF and UF-surian LVL were lower than PF and UF rubber or sengon LVL due to their F4S classification of JAS. Values of MOR and horizontal shear stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties

In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has rece... more In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology a...