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ABSTRACT Background: Immunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the development and maintenanc... more ABSTRACT
Background: Immunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the development and
maintenance of schizophrenia symptoms.
Aim: The aim of this study is to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble tumor
necrosis factor-alpha receptor I (sTNF-αRI), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor
II (sTNF-αRII) levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and to determine
their relationship with the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Methods: Serum TNF-α, sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII levels were measured. Positive and
Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered in patients with schizophrenia (n = 35),
and the results were compared with healthy controls (n = 30). Hierarchical regression analyses
were undertaken to predict the levels of TNF-α, sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII.
Results: No significant difference was observed in TNF-α levels, but sTNF-αRI and sTNF-
αRII levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia. Serum sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII
levels were found to be negatively correlated with the negative subscale score of the PANSS,
and sTNF-αRI levels were also negatively correlated with the total score of the PANSS.
Smoking, gender, body mass index were not correlated with TNF-α and sTNF-α receptor
levels.
Page 2 of 38
URL: http:/mc.manuscriptcentral.com/spsc Email: spsc-peerreview@tandf.co.uk
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
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Conclusions: These results suggest that there may be a change in antiinflammatory response
in patients with schizophrenia due to sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII levels. The study also
supports low levels of TNF activity in schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms.
Background: Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and m... more Background: Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and mental illness. Obesity is reported to be positively associated with psychiatric disorders, especially in people who seek obesity treatment. At the same time, obesity treatment may be influenced by psychological factors or personality characteristics. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental disorders among ethnic Chinese who sought obesity treatment.
ABSTRACT Background: Immunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the development and maintenanc... more ABSTRACT
Background: Immunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the development and
maintenance of schizophrenia symptoms.
Aim: The aim of this study is to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble tumor
necrosis factor-alpha receptor I (sTNF-αRI), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor
II (sTNF-αRII) levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and to determine
their relationship with the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Methods: Serum TNF-α, sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII levels were measured. Positive and
Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered in patients with schizophrenia (n = 35),
and the results were compared with healthy controls (n = 30). Hierarchical regression analyses
were undertaken to predict the levels of TNF-α, sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII.
Results: No significant difference was observed in TNF-α levels, but sTNF-αRI and sTNF-
αRII levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia. Serum sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII
levels were found to be negatively correlated with the negative subscale score of the PANSS,
and sTNF-αRI levels were also negatively correlated with the total score of the PANSS.
Smoking, gender, body mass index were not correlated with TNF-α and sTNF-α receptor
levels.
Page 2 of 38
URL: http:/mc.manuscriptcentral.com/spsc Email: spsc-peerreview@tandf.co.uk
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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19
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41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
For Peer Review Only
3
Conclusions: These results suggest that there may be a change in antiinflammatory response
in patients with schizophrenia due to sTNF-αRI and sTNF-αRII levels. The study also
supports low levels of TNF activity in schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms.
Background: Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and m... more Background: Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and mental illness. Obesity is reported to be positively associated with psychiatric disorders, especially in people who seek obesity treatment. At the same time, obesity treatment may be influenced by psychological factors or personality characteristics. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental disorders among ethnic Chinese who sought obesity treatment.