uket obeten - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by uket obeten

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, Mar 26, 2024

Objectives Xylopia aethiopica (XAE), commonly known as African pepper or Ethiopian pepper, is a p... more Objectives Xylopia aethiopica (XAE), commonly known as African pepper or Ethiopian pepper, is a plant native to West Africa and known for its aromatic and medicinal properties. It was used to investigate the antioxidative, antihepatotoxic, and antinephrotoxic potentials of XAE in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wister albino rats. Methods The proximate, and vitamin composition, oxidative stress indicators, and indices of kidney and hepatic functions were performed by standard methods. Results The proximate composition of the XAE leaf showed varied concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, Zn, Se, and Cl, as well as vitamins A, E, B3, D, C, K, B2, and Bi. The activities of catalase glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels, K, Na, Cl À , urea, uric acid, and creatinine in the kidney were increased in testosterone propionate (Tp)-induced BPH compared with the control groups. Total protein levels significantly decreased inTp-induced BPH compared with XAE-treated groups increased on XAE treatment. The aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were not significantly different in Tp-induced BPH, XAE, and normal controls. Conclusion The study revealed that XAE can be used in the management of oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in BPH condition.

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, Dec 30, 2023

Background and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment du... more Background and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment due to industrial, agricultural and natural sources. Chronic exposure to cadmium is known to induce hepatotoxicity, leading to severe liver damage and dysfunction. Hence, the effect of Cocos nucifera water on indices of liver function and oxidative stress in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study involved 30 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups, with control groups receiving normal saline. Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups B, D, E and F by oral cadmium administration. Group B remained untreated, while groups D through F were treated with varying doses of Cocos nucifera water. The proximate, vitamin and mineral contents of Cocos nucifera water were determined. Results: The cadmium administration to rats increased hepatic enzyme activities, decreased catalase and reduced glutathione levels. However, treatment with Cocos nucifera water significantly decreased these effects and restored liver architecture to normal. The study confirmed that cadmium can be a potential health risk for humans. Conclusion: The Cocos nucifera water maybe beneficial in treating liver complications.

Pharmaceutical Fronts

The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely kno... more The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely known hypolipidemic agent, could contribute to hyperlipidemia treatment and identify the potential bioactive compounds. We studied Wistar albino rats, dividing them into seven groups: the normal control, normal rats treated with 400 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE (NRG group), the hyperlipidemic control (HPC group), hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin, a standard control drug (SC group), as well as 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE extract respectively (T1, T2, T3 groups). The potential compounds that functioned in BCE extract were analyzed by in silico binding to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). The binding affinities and drug-like properties of the compounds were determined using virtual screening and absorption distribution metabolism excretion and toxicity prediction analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, fla...

PLOS ONE

Oral antidiabetic agents including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) a... more Oral antidiabetic agents including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are available for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus (DM) but most are characterized by many adverse effects. In this study, we explore the antidiabetic properties of phytoconstituents from Trigonellafeonumgraecum (Fabaceae) as potential agonist of PPARγ; using in silico molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized surface area (MM/GBSA)free binding energy prediction, Pharmacophore modeling experiment, and Pharmacokinetic/ toxicity analysis. One hundred and forty (140) compounds derived from Trigonellafeonumgraecum were screened by molecular docking against protein target PDB 3VI8. Results obtained from binding affinity (BA) and that of binding free energy (BFE) revealed five 5 compounds; arachidonic acid (CID_10467, BA -10.029, BFE -58.9), isoquercetin (CID_5280804, BA -9.507kcal/mol, BFE -56.33), rutin (CID_5280805, BA -9.463kcal/mol, BFE -56.33), quercetin (CID...

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Introduction There are claims by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria and valuable scien... more Introduction There are claims by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria and valuable scientific reports that the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii (TV) hook are used for the treatment of various diseases; however, there is paucity of information on it used in the management of cardiovascular complications despite the rich presence of phytochemicals. This study aimed at investigating effects of solvents extracts of TV leaves and stem on lipid profile of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Materials and Methods Varying doses of the solvent extracts (water, ethanol, and acetic acid) of plant material were administered to experimental animals (Albino Wistar rats) induced with hyperlipidemia using poloxamer 407 (P-407). Results The results of the phytochemical screening of leaves and stem revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannins, and flavonoids in powdered sample of leaves and stem of TV. Aqueous extract of the leaves had the highest yield (18.21 ± 1.12%), whil...

Journal of Food Biochemistry

To study the effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava and arthemeter/lumefantrine (coartem) o... more To study the effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava and arthemeter/lumefantrine (coartem) on non-targeted parameters in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods Twenty ve mice (out of thirty mice weighing between 30 and 35 g) were intraperitoneally infected with 0.2 ml of 1x10 5 /ml parasitized erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei (NK 65 strain) and randomly grouped into six (G2-G6) with ve (5) mice each. G1 (normal control) received distilled water and animal feed. G2 (parasite control) received 1ml of distilled water daily. Groups (G3-G6) were treated with 28 mg/kg b.w of coartem, 200 mg/kg b.w, 400 mg/kg b.w and 600 mg/kg b.w of Psidium guajava extract respectively. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-21 statistical software. A p < 0.05 was taken as statistically signi cant. Results The Psidium guajava aqueous extract revealed presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and avonoids. All the groups treated with Psidium guajava aqueous extract showed a dose-dependent signi cant (p < 0.05) increase in percentage clearance rate of the malaria parasite, PCV, HB, and RBC count, antioxidant status, antioxidant enzymes activities and a signi cant (p < 0.05) decrease in MDA level, ALP, AST and ALT activities as against the coartem treated and the parasite control groups. Conclusion Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf could be useful in the treatment of diseases and symptoms caused by plasmodium parasites, especially berghei species with milder side effects than coartem.

Journal of Bio-Science, 2021

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. ...

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

Background. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance... more Background. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance against commonly used drugs in the empirical treatment of enteric infections has increased among DEC. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in microorganisms have been widely reported. This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production pattern among DEC pathotypes isolated from stools of children aged 0–5 years with acute diarrheal disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Materials and methods. Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 60 children and E. coli were isolated and identified using standard guidelines provided for laboratory diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Molecular identification was done by amplification of E. coli universal stress protein A (uspA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Detection of virulent genes of DEC pathotypes was performed in a group of multiplex PCR using their specific primers. Kirby–Bauer di...

July-December, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

July-December, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences

International Journal of one health, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences

Journal of Biological Science, 2021

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. The contaminated soil was irrigated using an experimental design that included uncontaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (positive control), contaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (negative control) and contaminated soil irrigated using fermented chicken droppings (test). Five hundred mL of the chicken droppings mixture was used to irrigate the soil for 21 days at an interval of 3 days per irrigation. Thereafter, the irrigated soil was screened with gas chromatography linked with mass spectroscopy. There was an observed change in contaminant concentration without fermented chicken droppings. The percentage of differences in the concentrations was recorded in × 10-5 % with the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthylene with the percent difference of 2.0 × 10-5 % and 5.0 × 10-5 %. Result revealed an appreciable decrease in PAHs level compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest the positive effect and rapid uptake of the contaminant in the application of fermented chicken droppings.

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity, 2021

Background: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance... more Background: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance against commonly used drugs in the empirical treatment of enteric infections has increased among DEC. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in microorganisms have been widely reported. This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production pattern among DEC pathotypes isolated from stools of children aged 0- 5 years with acute diarrheal disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Method: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 60 children and E. coli were isolated and identified using standard guidelines provided for laboratory diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Molecular identification was done by amplification of E. coli universal stress protein A (uspA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
method. Detection of virulent genes of DEC pathotypes was performed in a group of multiplex PCR using their specific primers. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates while biofilms production was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96- well plate.
Results: DEC was isolated in 40 stools among which EIEC [40% (n = 16)] was commonly detected followed by ETEC [30% (n = 12)], EAEC [20% (n = 8)] and typical EPEC [10% (n = 4)]. Half of EAEC showed the highest multidrug resistance against ampicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with the strongest biofilm production followed by all the EPEC which were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with moderate biofilm production. All the LT-ETEC exhibited the least resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline with the weakest biofilm production.
Conclusion: High frequency of the EIEC pathotype suggests its role as the primary etiological agent of diarrhea in children. Correlation between high drug resistance and biofilm production among the pathotype may indicate that biofilms may provide compatible uptake of resistance genes.
Keywords: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC); Antibiotic resistance; Diarrheal stool; Multiplex PCR; multi-drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction. Biofilms

Scientific African, 2020

Parboiling of rice is a common cooking method and its effect on quality of rice is sparse in the ... more Parboiling of rice is a common cooking method and its effect on quality of rice is sparse in the existing literature. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of par- boiling on levels of nutritional components and toxic metals of rice locally produced and consumed in Nigeria. Three varieties of rice were considered and each sample divided into two portions for parboiling and conventional cooking procedures using standard methods. The rice flours were prepared for proximate analysis, amino acid and vitamin profiles using HPLC, while minerals and toxic metals were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma op- tical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Parboiling significantly (p<0.05) increased ash and fiber contents of the rice samples, whereas, lipids considerably (p<0.05) reduced compared to the unparboiled rice. The levels of some of the essential amino acids, vitamins were significantly reduced by parboiling. Parboiling markedly (p<0.05) reduced levels of alu- minium, nickel, chromium and manganese; cadmium, lead and arsenic levels were how- ever increased significantly by parboiling. This study reveals that parboiling may signif- icantly affect components of cooked rice and exert impact that may alter health status. Future studies are suggested to clarify further the effect of parboiling on toxic metals in staple food like rice.

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, Mar 26, 2024

Objectives Xylopia aethiopica (XAE), commonly known as African pepper or Ethiopian pepper, is a p... more Objectives Xylopia aethiopica (XAE), commonly known as African pepper or Ethiopian pepper, is a plant native to West Africa and known for its aromatic and medicinal properties. It was used to investigate the antioxidative, antihepatotoxic, and antinephrotoxic potentials of XAE in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wister albino rats. Methods The proximate, and vitamin composition, oxidative stress indicators, and indices of kidney and hepatic functions were performed by standard methods. Results The proximate composition of the XAE leaf showed varied concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, Zn, Se, and Cl, as well as vitamins A, E, B3, D, C, K, B2, and Bi. The activities of catalase glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels, K, Na, Cl À , urea, uric acid, and creatinine in the kidney were increased in testosterone propionate (Tp)-induced BPH compared with the control groups. Total protein levels significantly decreased inTp-induced BPH compared with XAE-treated groups increased on XAE treatment. The aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were not significantly different in Tp-induced BPH, XAE, and normal controls. Conclusion The study revealed that XAE can be used in the management of oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in BPH condition.

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, Dec 30, 2023

Background and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment du... more Background and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment due to industrial, agricultural and natural sources. Chronic exposure to cadmium is known to induce hepatotoxicity, leading to severe liver damage and dysfunction. Hence, the effect of Cocos nucifera water on indices of liver function and oxidative stress in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study involved 30 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups, with control groups receiving normal saline. Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups B, D, E and F by oral cadmium administration. Group B remained untreated, while groups D through F were treated with varying doses of Cocos nucifera water. The proximate, vitamin and mineral contents of Cocos nucifera water were determined. Results: The cadmium administration to rats increased hepatic enzyme activities, decreased catalase and reduced glutathione levels. However, treatment with Cocos nucifera water significantly decreased these effects and restored liver architecture to normal. The study confirmed that cadmium can be a potential health risk for humans. Conclusion: The Cocos nucifera water maybe beneficial in treating liver complications.

Pharmaceutical Fronts

The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely kno... more The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely known hypolipidemic agent, could contribute to hyperlipidemia treatment and identify the potential bioactive compounds. We studied Wistar albino rats, dividing them into seven groups: the normal control, normal rats treated with 400 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE (NRG group), the hyperlipidemic control (HPC group), hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin, a standard control drug (SC group), as well as 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE extract respectively (T1, T2, T3 groups). The potential compounds that functioned in BCE extract were analyzed by in silico binding to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). The binding affinities and drug-like properties of the compounds were determined using virtual screening and absorption distribution metabolism excretion and toxicity prediction analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, fla...

PLOS ONE

Oral antidiabetic agents including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) a... more Oral antidiabetic agents including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are available for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus (DM) but most are characterized by many adverse effects. In this study, we explore the antidiabetic properties of phytoconstituents from Trigonellafeonumgraecum (Fabaceae) as potential agonist of PPARγ; using in silico molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized surface area (MM/GBSA)free binding energy prediction, Pharmacophore modeling experiment, and Pharmacokinetic/ toxicity analysis. One hundred and forty (140) compounds derived from Trigonellafeonumgraecum were screened by molecular docking against protein target PDB 3VI8. Results obtained from binding affinity (BA) and that of binding free energy (BFE) revealed five 5 compounds; arachidonic acid (CID_10467, BA -10.029, BFE -58.9), isoquercetin (CID_5280804, BA -9.507kcal/mol, BFE -56.33), rutin (CID_5280805, BA -9.463kcal/mol, BFE -56.33), quercetin (CID...

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Introduction There are claims by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria and valuable scien... more Introduction There are claims by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria and valuable scientific reports that the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii (TV) hook are used for the treatment of various diseases; however, there is paucity of information on it used in the management of cardiovascular complications despite the rich presence of phytochemicals. This study aimed at investigating effects of solvents extracts of TV leaves and stem on lipid profile of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Materials and Methods Varying doses of the solvent extracts (water, ethanol, and acetic acid) of plant material were administered to experimental animals (Albino Wistar rats) induced with hyperlipidemia using poloxamer 407 (P-407). Results The results of the phytochemical screening of leaves and stem revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannins, and flavonoids in powdered sample of leaves and stem of TV. Aqueous extract of the leaves had the highest yield (18.21 ± 1.12%), whil...

Journal of Food Biochemistry

To study the effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava and arthemeter/lumefantrine (coartem) o... more To study the effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava and arthemeter/lumefantrine (coartem) on non-targeted parameters in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods Twenty ve mice (out of thirty mice weighing between 30 and 35 g) were intraperitoneally infected with 0.2 ml of 1x10 5 /ml parasitized erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei (NK 65 strain) and randomly grouped into six (G2-G6) with ve (5) mice each. G1 (normal control) received distilled water and animal feed. G2 (parasite control) received 1ml of distilled water daily. Groups (G3-G6) were treated with 28 mg/kg b.w of coartem, 200 mg/kg b.w, 400 mg/kg b.w and 600 mg/kg b.w of Psidium guajava extract respectively. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-21 statistical software. A p < 0.05 was taken as statistically signi cant. Results The Psidium guajava aqueous extract revealed presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and avonoids. All the groups treated with Psidium guajava aqueous extract showed a dose-dependent signi cant (p < 0.05) increase in percentage clearance rate of the malaria parasite, PCV, HB, and RBC count, antioxidant status, antioxidant enzymes activities and a signi cant (p < 0.05) decrease in MDA level, ALP, AST and ALT activities as against the coartem treated and the parasite control groups. Conclusion Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf could be useful in the treatment of diseases and symptoms caused by plasmodium parasites, especially berghei species with milder side effects than coartem.

Journal of Bio-Science, 2021

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. ...

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

Background. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance... more Background. Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance against commonly used drugs in the empirical treatment of enteric infections has increased among DEC. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in microorganisms have been widely reported. This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production pattern among DEC pathotypes isolated from stools of children aged 0–5 years with acute diarrheal disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Materials and methods. Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 60 children and E. coli were isolated and identified using standard guidelines provided for laboratory diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Molecular identification was done by amplification of E. coli universal stress protein A (uspA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Detection of virulent genes of DEC pathotypes was performed in a group of multiplex PCR using their specific primers. Kirby–Bauer di...

July-December, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

July-December, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences

International Journal of one health, 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns amon... more Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), ...

Asian Journal of Biological Sciences

Journal of Biological Science, 2021

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. The contaminated soil was irrigated using an experimental design that included uncontaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (positive control), contaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (negative control) and contaminated soil irrigated using fermented chicken droppings (test). Five hundred mL of the chicken droppings mixture was used to irrigate the soil for 21 days at an interval of 3 days per irrigation. Thereafter, the irrigated soil was screened with gas chromatography linked with mass spectroscopy. There was an observed change in contaminant concentration without fermented chicken droppings. The percentage of differences in the concentrations was recorded in × 10-5 % with the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthylene with the percent difference of 2.0 × 10-5 % and 5.0 × 10-5 %. Result revealed an appreciable decrease in PAHs level compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest the positive effect and rapid uptake of the contaminant in the application of fermented chicken droppings.

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity, 2021

Background: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance... more Background: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) is an etiological agent of childhood diarrhea. Resistance against commonly used drugs in the empirical treatment of enteric infections has increased among DEC. Relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in microorganisms have been widely reported. This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and biofilm production pattern among DEC pathotypes isolated from stools of children aged 0- 5 years with acute diarrheal disease in Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Method: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 60 children and E. coli were isolated and identified using standard guidelines provided for laboratory diagnosis of enteric pathogens. Molecular identification was done by amplification of E. coli universal stress protein A (uspA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
method. Detection of virulent genes of DEC pathotypes was performed in a group of multiplex PCR using their specific primers. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates while biofilms production was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide dye in a 96- well plate.
Results: DEC was isolated in 40 stools among which EIEC [40% (n = 16)] was commonly detected followed by ETEC [30% (n = 12)], EAEC [20% (n = 8)] and typical EPEC [10% (n = 4)]. Half of EAEC showed the highest multidrug resistance against ampicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with the strongest biofilm production followed by all the EPEC which were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline with moderate biofilm production. All the LT-ETEC exhibited the least resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline with the weakest biofilm production.
Conclusion: High frequency of the EIEC pathotype suggests its role as the primary etiological agent of diarrhea in children. Correlation between high drug resistance and biofilm production among the pathotype may indicate that biofilms may provide compatible uptake of resistance genes.
Keywords: Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC); Antibiotic resistance; Diarrheal stool; Multiplex PCR; multi-drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction. Biofilms

Scientific African, 2020

Parboiling of rice is a common cooking method and its effect on quality of rice is sparse in the ... more Parboiling of rice is a common cooking method and its effect on quality of rice is sparse in the existing literature. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of par- boiling on levels of nutritional components and toxic metals of rice locally produced and consumed in Nigeria. Three varieties of rice were considered and each sample divided into two portions for parboiling and conventional cooking procedures using standard methods. The rice flours were prepared for proximate analysis, amino acid and vitamin profiles using HPLC, while minerals and toxic metals were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma op- tical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Parboiling significantly (p<0.05) increased ash and fiber contents of the rice samples, whereas, lipids considerably (p<0.05) reduced compared to the unparboiled rice. The levels of some of the essential amino acids, vitamins were significantly reduced by parboiling. Parboiling markedly (p<0.05) reduced levels of alu- minium, nickel, chromium and manganese; cadmium, lead and arsenic levels were how- ever increased significantly by parboiling. This study reveals that parboiling may signif- icantly affect components of cooked rice and exert impact that may alter health status. Future studies are suggested to clarify further the effect of parboiling on toxic metals in staple food like rice.