umar Gunu Suleiman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by umar Gunu Suleiman

Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Economics and Finance

This study analyses the effect of ownership structure and performance of listed conglomerates on ... more This study analyses the effect of ownership structure and performance of listed conglomerates on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Over the years manufacturing firms in Nigeria had been faced with liquidity risk, risk of opportunity loss, overcapitalization, undercapitalization, and longer cash conversion cycle. The secondary data used is obtained from six selected manufacturing firms listed on the Nigeria stock exchange for the period of five years 2016-2020. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of ownership structure and performance. Return on Assets is used as a measure of firm performance while the account receivable days, inventory days, account payables, and total sales are used as measures of ownership structure. The first and third hypothesis is tested using correlation and regression, and the second hypothesis is tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between total sales and return on assets a...

Research Journal of Business and Economic Management

The effect of renewable energy (RE) development on the sustainable development of SMEs' poten... more The effect of renewable energy (RE) development on the sustainable development of SMEs' potential in Nigeria was empirically done to unlock the possibility of deciphering the perennial energy problem in Nigeria. The development of renewable energy (RE) resources and utilization can greatly benefit Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria by providing a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective power supply. This is especially important, as many sectors of Nigeria's economy, including SMEs, are highly dependent on the poor power supply that is currently available. Thus, this study specifically examines the effect of RE resources availability, generation, system efficiency and effectiveness, and utilization on SMEs’ sustainable development potential in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted and a population of 73,081 SMEs across Nigeria was utilized with a sample of 398 SMEs selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. A validated questionnaire was administered ...

Bioinformatics is the application of computational tools to capture and interpret biological data... more Bioinformatics is the application of computational tools to capture and interpret biological data. It has wide applications in drug development, crop improvement, agricultural biotechnology and forensic DNA analysis. There are various databases available to researchers in bioinformatics. These databases are customized for a specific need and are ranged in size, scope, and purpose. The main drawbacks of bioinformatics databases include redundant information, constant change, data spread over multiple databases, incomplete information, several errors, and sometimes incorrect links. Also, standard database, naming conventions, and nomenclature are not clearly defined for many aspects of biological information. Hence, these make information extraction more difficult. In this paper, most widely used bioinformatics databases are presented. These databases are notable for their level of redundancy and annotation, structure coverage and accessibility. They are GenBank, Protein Information R...

Much of what Canadians think they know about the First Peoples of their nation-state comes from w... more Much of what Canadians think they know about the First Peoples of their nation-state comes from what Maureen Matthews of CBC Radio calls "ethno-journalism," whether print or broadcast. For her, the distinctive feature of such an approach is not the rigidified, exotic content of the life-ways of an ethnic enclave (National Geographic goes to the rez), but rather the respectful facilitation of peoples speaking for themselves. Maureen spoke at the Ethnohistory conference in London in October 2000 about "becoming a grandchild" and about the several elders who have taught her how to behave properly within this role, characteristically expressed in a kinship metaphor, from which it became possible for her to mediate the teachings of elders to a larger public. This is not a bad description of the proper role of an anthropologist. The core pedagogical objective of my own sometimes ethnically-fraught courses on the First Nations of Canada has been that students learn to listen to Native voices. What, after all, is a nice white lady like me doing speaking for-or even about-peoples whose voices are all-too-often muffled by the deadened concrete of academic lecture hall walls. That's not just a metaphor: I recall the visiting elder who explained to a long-ago class in Cree language and culture, nearly half its students Aboriginal, that he came for them but was unsure his pipe could breathe in such a building. The pipe worked, but barely. As a teacher, I have spent a great deal of time agonizing over the artificiality imposed by teaching in a context where word literacy is valued far more than orality or visuality. The things my students read are at best entextualizations of the oral transmission of knowledge employed by the First Nations themselves. Despite instructor efforts to frame such texts in stories, students are inclined by the assumptions of the mainstream Canadian culture in which most of them grew up to dismiss as merely anecdotal efforts to share the process whereby the anthropologist came to learn how to listen (cf. Briggs 1983). To draw the generalization inherent in representative anecdotes requires a listening style with which most non-Native Canadians are unfamiliar. Frustrated students sometimes

This study examines the resource-use efficiency in irrigated rice production in Yobe State. Prima... more This study examines the resource-use efficiency in irrigated rice production in Yobe State. Primary data was used in the analysis. The analytical tool used was stochastic frontier production function using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which was applied on cross sectional data of 384 sampled farmers. The result from the MLE reveals that farmers performed at an average technical efficiency of 73%, 83% and 86% for small, medium and large scale farmers respectively. The technical return to scale show that all categories of farmers exhibited increasing returns to scale but the large scale farmers were closer to stage two which is the rational stage of production process. The ratio of MVP to MFC of all inputs were greater than one indicating that all inputs except labour were under utilized in the study area. Base on the findings, it is recommended that the small and medium irrigated rice farmers can pool their resources together to derive the economies of larger scale producti...

A study on assessment of heavy metals was carried out fortnight using standard methods for the pe... more A study on assessment of heavy metals was carried out fortnight using standard methods for the period of six months. Bioaccumulations of heavy metals including Cadmium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese and Lead (Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Pb) in catfish (Clariasgariepinus) organs (gills, liver and muscle) were investigated. Zinc, Iron, Copper and Manganese (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) at station A, B and C recorded concentrations (0.531mg/kg, 7.07mg/kg, 0.489mg/kg, & 0.177mg/kg) within the international permissible limits in fish organs. Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) recorded concentrations (0.099mg/kg &0.917mg/kg) above the international permissible limit in fish organs. Gills and liver of Clariasgariepinus contained the highest concentration of most of the detected heavy metals, while muscles appeared to be the last preferred site for the bioaccumulation of heavy metals. The edible part (Muscle) of Clariasgariepinus showed higher levels of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) at the study area. This may be d...

Negative selection algorithms (NSAs) are inspired by artificial immune system. It creates techniq... more Negative selection algorithms (NSAs) are inspired by artificial immune system. It creates techniques that aim at developing the immune based model. This is done by distinguishing self from non-self spam in the generation of detectors. In general, NSAs has an exponential run time. This research study the significance of time and accuracy for two commonly used matching rules. The hamming and r-chunk matching rules, based on different threshold values (r) for generating set of fixed number of detectors. The results show the differences between the mean values of time and accuracy for hamming and r-chunk matching rules. Statistical t test shows that the difference between hamming and r-chunk matching rule are insignificant for accuracy while it is significant for time.

Plant gum exudate harvested from Acacia senegal (Acacia gum/gum Arabic) is the most widely used p... more Plant gum exudate harvested from Acacia senegal (Acacia gum/gum Arabic) is the most widely used plant gum especially in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its non toxicity and excellent properties as emulsifiers and stabilizers in emulsions. It consists of complex polysaccharides and glycoprotein, and its qualities are defined by the biophysical properties of the gum. Analyses of some biophysical properties using range of techniques were carried out for harvested, untreated gum Arabic from Sudan-savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. The results revealed that it has some qualities which were in agreement with the international standard specified for gum Arabic. The soil type of the study area was found to be clayey-sandy in nature.

This study examined the decadal analysis and estimation of temperature changes in northern senato... more This study examined the decadal analysis and estimation of temperature changes in northern senatorial zone of Kaduna state-Nigeria. Temperature data (minimum and maximum) covering 1967 to 2016 was obtained from the archives of Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet) station Zaria. These data were used to determine the decadal trends and estimate changes in minimum, maximum and average temperatures using trend analysis in Microsoft excel tool (2013) and SPSS 23.0 version. Findings indicate a total increase in average temperature of 1.72°C at the rate of 0.034°C year -1 . For the maximum temperature, a total increase of 1.68°C at the rate of 0.033°C year -1 and for minimum temperature an increase of 1.72°C the rate of 0.034 0 C year -1 , indicating increased warming in recent years. The result of Cramer’s test for the monthly average temperature analysis indicated that the tk values for the last two decades shows an increase in temperature as indicated by their positive with the months ...

A survey of root-knot nematode infecting vegetables grown around Zobe dam and Jibia dam areas of ... more A survey of root-knot nematode infecting vegetables grown around Zobe dam and Jibia dam areas of Katsina state in Nigeria was done to determine the level of intensity, incidence, frequency and infestation of root-knot disease. The result of the survey reveals that, two species Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica are present in the state. M. incognita was found in Jibia dam area while M. javanica was found in Zobe dam area. Of the fields visited (Zobe dam), the incidence of the disease was found 33.3% and in Jibia dam area the disease was 38.8%. However; there was wide variation in the intensity of the disease. The intensity of M. javanica (gall index/egg mass index) was ranged from 2-5/2-5, and that of M. incognita ranged from 3-5/3-5. The tomato (50-57%) was the highly infected crop in both the areas followed by short pepper (37-40%).

A rapid and persistent increase in the general prices of goods and services is harmful to the eco... more A rapid and persistent increase in the general prices of goods and services is harmful to the economy in various ways. It is for this reason that price stability is a prime objective of economic policy all over the world. In Nigeria, Government has implemented a number of anti-inflation measures but with limited success. This may be due to an inadequate understanding of the inflationary process. While there is considerable disagreement on the causes of inflation, one of the most frequently cited factor is the money supply. The results of the existing works on the importance of money supply in the inflationary situation in Nigeria are mixed. It is against this background that this study investigated the effect of the money supply on inflation in Nigeria between 1986 and 2009. It also examined the effect of aggregate demand on inflation. The objective of this study is to ascertain how far the money supply can explain the inflationary phenomenon in Nigeria. The study uses secondary dat...

This study aimed at examining the trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall profile in Katsin... more This study aimed at examining the trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall profile in Katsina and its environs. The specific objective was to determine the monthly and annual trends in rainfall for the area. Rainfall data from 1971 to 2010 was sourced from the archive of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMets) Katsina Airport. The data was used to characterize rainfall trends for monthly and annual total which are the determinants of rainy season using Microsoft excel tool (2016) and SPSS 23.0 version. The 5-year running mean showed that below average rainfall was experienced from the early 1970s up to 2000. Findings also showed that above average rainfall is being experienced from the year 2000 afterward. Findings further indicated that there was a significant decrease in rainfall amount in the month of June, little change in the month of July and substantial increase in the months of August and September. The study concludes that there is an apparent increase in rainfall ...

This paper examined the challenges children and young people experienced in accessing secondary e... more This paper examined the challenges children and young people experienced in accessing secondary education in refugees and IDPs camp and its opportunities in north-eastern Nigeria. The paper analysed that distance, poverty, documentation, language difference among refugees and cultural norms are some of the main problem facing IDPs and refugees’ children and youths especially the girl-child. The paper concluded that government need to make adequate planning and recommendation for refugees and IDPs, provision of all the necessary educational facilities, feasibilities in the inclusion of vulnerable refugees, identification of problems and budgetary planning. The paper also recommended that government and humanitarian actors should make effective measures in addressing barriers that will affect the learning outcome of displaced children to school drop-out, the host country should enable refugees to engage in legitimate work to avoid child labour, provision of vocational and technical tr...

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of learning environment on students’ acad... more The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of learning environment on students’ academic achievement in mathematics at senior secondary school level. Thus the study investigated some components of learning environment and their possible influence on students’ academic achievement in mathematics. A sample of 337 randomly selected SS II students was taken from a population of 1682 students in Potiskum LGA, Yobe state. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics as well as the t-test. The result shown that, there is significance difference between the mean performance of students taught in an ideal learning environment and that of students taught in a dull learning environment al 0.05 level of significance. The findings were discussed with a view to improving both the quality of learning environment and academic achievement in mathematics. In view of that therefore, recommendations were made for the improvement of the learning environment. Keywords : Influence/Lear...

Websites such as email providers use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers an... more Websites such as email providers use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) which is a simple test easily solved by humans but not by computers and hence provides a way of distinguishing a legitimate human user from an attacker. Methods have been developed like the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and the third party human attack which have made CAPTCHAs vulnerable. The third party human attack poses a real threat to the use of CAPTCHA which can be easily shown using the Instant Messenger CAPTCHA Attack (IMCA). A new defense system, the interactive CAPTCHA (iCAPTCHA) was developed to defend against third party human solver attacks. The iCAPTCHA is solved via user interactions and the back-and-forth traffic between the client and server amplifies the statistical timing difference between a third party human attacker and a legitimate human user. The aim of this research is to use iCAPTCHA in Smartphones which will be solved after a cert...

Handbook of Machine Learning for Computational Optimization, 2021

International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques, 2020

This study examined the effect of compensation schemes on academic staff performance in Federal P... more This study examined the effect of compensation schemes on academic staff performance in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. Specifically, it investigated the effect of special allowances and part-time emoluments (independent variable) on academic staff performance (dependent variable) of the institution. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprises of the 485 academic staff of the institution from where a total of seventy nine (79) samples of academic staff were selected across six (6) faculties using stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondent. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach- alpha coefficient and the test yielded the alpha coefficient of 0.85 and 0.82 for special allowances and part-time emoluments respectively.Descriptive statistics was used to present the data while multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine the extent to which the independent variabl...

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of dec... more Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of decision making during labor process and restricting them to supine position in second stage of labor might contribute significantly to aversion to hospital delivery. Objective: To determine the different delivery positions women take during home delivery. Method: This was a cross sectional survey among 285 multiparous women who had vaginal delivery of life singleton babies. They were interviewed using questionnaire at Murtala Muhammad Specialist hospital Kano on choices of delivery position. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the state. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Qualitative data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi (χ2) test was used for categorical data. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 28.9 ± 7.12 years. Majority of the women that delivered at home assumed the squatting position for delivery (60%) and were mainly assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBA) (41.3%). Over 50% of those that delivered at home were instructed to take the position they delivered in by their assistants at delivery while those that chose their position by themselves did that because they felt more comfortable in that position (85%). Over 80% of those that were instructed to take a position at delivery did not ask their assistant the reason for advising on that position. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby (χ2=28.517, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Squatting position was the most assumed position following home delivery. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby.

International Journal of Current Aspects, 2019

Small and Medium Enterprises play an important role towards economic growth and development in Ke... more Small and Medium Enterprises play an important role towards economic growth and development in Kenya at large. However, there is limited evidence on their capital structure or how they take financing decisions in Kenya. It was therefore imperative to understand how key firm characteristics affect capital structure of these enterprises to help in improving policy decisions and offering practical guidance. This study investigated firm characteristics which influence capital structure of SMEs focusing on Kenya with the hope that findings and recommendations will be replicated in in other countries. Ordinary Least Square model was applied on Kenya’s latest enterprise survey data of 2018.Both descriptive and regression analyses were employed. Results indicate that firm size and firm age are negatively associated with the capital structure. On the other hand, the study found that firm performance and assets base, affected capital structure positively. The study concludes that SMEs should ...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

Objective: Cognitive radio technology allows the opportunistic usage of licensed spectrum resourc... more Objective: Cognitive radio technology allows the opportunistic usage of licensed spectrum resources by unlicensed users. The most important function of the cognitive radio technology is spectrum sensing. In hidden node scenarios, cooperation among cognitive radio nodes is needed to improve the sensing performance. In this work, the benefits of cooperative spectrum sensing are illustrated in a hidden node environment. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The distributed cooperative sensing approach was adopted for the implementation. Universal Software Radio Peripheral was used in collecting spectrum data and results were analysed using MATLAB software toolkit. Findings: Cooperative spectrum sensing among cognitive radio nodes operating at the same frequency improves the probability of detection, and the overall efficiency of the system. Results shows that the cooperative sensing scheme outperforms the individual sensing approach keeping in mind the number of collected samples as the key performance indicator. Applications/Improvements: The results obtained show that the frequency spectrum is underutilised. There is a need to explore the present spectrum holes and improve on the available sensing techniques for the implementation of cognitive radio networks in the future.

Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Economics and Finance

This study analyses the effect of ownership structure and performance of listed conglomerates on ... more This study analyses the effect of ownership structure and performance of listed conglomerates on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Over the years manufacturing firms in Nigeria had been faced with liquidity risk, risk of opportunity loss, overcapitalization, undercapitalization, and longer cash conversion cycle. The secondary data used is obtained from six selected manufacturing firms listed on the Nigeria stock exchange for the period of five years 2016-2020. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of ownership structure and performance. Return on Assets is used as a measure of firm performance while the account receivable days, inventory days, account payables, and total sales are used as measures of ownership structure. The first and third hypothesis is tested using correlation and regression, and the second hypothesis is tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between total sales and return on assets a...

Research Journal of Business and Economic Management

The effect of renewable energy (RE) development on the sustainable development of SMEs' poten... more The effect of renewable energy (RE) development on the sustainable development of SMEs' potential in Nigeria was empirically done to unlock the possibility of deciphering the perennial energy problem in Nigeria. The development of renewable energy (RE) resources and utilization can greatly benefit Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria by providing a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective power supply. This is especially important, as many sectors of Nigeria's economy, including SMEs, are highly dependent on the poor power supply that is currently available. Thus, this study specifically examines the effect of RE resources availability, generation, system efficiency and effectiveness, and utilization on SMEs’ sustainable development potential in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted and a population of 73,081 SMEs across Nigeria was utilized with a sample of 398 SMEs selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. A validated questionnaire was administered ...

Bioinformatics is the application of computational tools to capture and interpret biological data... more Bioinformatics is the application of computational tools to capture and interpret biological data. It has wide applications in drug development, crop improvement, agricultural biotechnology and forensic DNA analysis. There are various databases available to researchers in bioinformatics. These databases are customized for a specific need and are ranged in size, scope, and purpose. The main drawbacks of bioinformatics databases include redundant information, constant change, data spread over multiple databases, incomplete information, several errors, and sometimes incorrect links. Also, standard database, naming conventions, and nomenclature are not clearly defined for many aspects of biological information. Hence, these make information extraction more difficult. In this paper, most widely used bioinformatics databases are presented. These databases are notable for their level of redundancy and annotation, structure coverage and accessibility. They are GenBank, Protein Information R...

Much of what Canadians think they know about the First Peoples of their nation-state comes from w... more Much of what Canadians think they know about the First Peoples of their nation-state comes from what Maureen Matthews of CBC Radio calls "ethno-journalism," whether print or broadcast. For her, the distinctive feature of such an approach is not the rigidified, exotic content of the life-ways of an ethnic enclave (National Geographic goes to the rez), but rather the respectful facilitation of peoples speaking for themselves. Maureen spoke at the Ethnohistory conference in London in October 2000 about "becoming a grandchild" and about the several elders who have taught her how to behave properly within this role, characteristically expressed in a kinship metaphor, from which it became possible for her to mediate the teachings of elders to a larger public. This is not a bad description of the proper role of an anthropologist. The core pedagogical objective of my own sometimes ethnically-fraught courses on the First Nations of Canada has been that students learn to listen to Native voices. What, after all, is a nice white lady like me doing speaking for-or even about-peoples whose voices are all-too-often muffled by the deadened concrete of academic lecture hall walls. That's not just a metaphor: I recall the visiting elder who explained to a long-ago class in Cree language and culture, nearly half its students Aboriginal, that he came for them but was unsure his pipe could breathe in such a building. The pipe worked, but barely. As a teacher, I have spent a great deal of time agonizing over the artificiality imposed by teaching in a context where word literacy is valued far more than orality or visuality. The things my students read are at best entextualizations of the oral transmission of knowledge employed by the First Nations themselves. Despite instructor efforts to frame such texts in stories, students are inclined by the assumptions of the mainstream Canadian culture in which most of them grew up to dismiss as merely anecdotal efforts to share the process whereby the anthropologist came to learn how to listen (cf. Briggs 1983). To draw the generalization inherent in representative anecdotes requires a listening style with which most non-Native Canadians are unfamiliar. Frustrated students sometimes

This study examines the resource-use efficiency in irrigated rice production in Yobe State. Prima... more This study examines the resource-use efficiency in irrigated rice production in Yobe State. Primary data was used in the analysis. The analytical tool used was stochastic frontier production function using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which was applied on cross sectional data of 384 sampled farmers. The result from the MLE reveals that farmers performed at an average technical efficiency of 73%, 83% and 86% for small, medium and large scale farmers respectively. The technical return to scale show that all categories of farmers exhibited increasing returns to scale but the large scale farmers were closer to stage two which is the rational stage of production process. The ratio of MVP to MFC of all inputs were greater than one indicating that all inputs except labour were under utilized in the study area. Base on the findings, it is recommended that the small and medium irrigated rice farmers can pool their resources together to derive the economies of larger scale producti...

A study on assessment of heavy metals was carried out fortnight using standard methods for the pe... more A study on assessment of heavy metals was carried out fortnight using standard methods for the period of six months. Bioaccumulations of heavy metals including Cadmium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese and Lead (Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Pb) in catfish (Clariasgariepinus) organs (gills, liver and muscle) were investigated. Zinc, Iron, Copper and Manganese (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) at station A, B and C recorded concentrations (0.531mg/kg, 7.07mg/kg, 0.489mg/kg, & 0.177mg/kg) within the international permissible limits in fish organs. Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) recorded concentrations (0.099mg/kg &0.917mg/kg) above the international permissible limit in fish organs. Gills and liver of Clariasgariepinus contained the highest concentration of most of the detected heavy metals, while muscles appeared to be the last preferred site for the bioaccumulation of heavy metals. The edible part (Muscle) of Clariasgariepinus showed higher levels of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) at the study area. This may be d...

Negative selection algorithms (NSAs) are inspired by artificial immune system. It creates techniq... more Negative selection algorithms (NSAs) are inspired by artificial immune system. It creates techniques that aim at developing the immune based model. This is done by distinguishing self from non-self spam in the generation of detectors. In general, NSAs has an exponential run time. This research study the significance of time and accuracy for two commonly used matching rules. The hamming and r-chunk matching rules, based on different threshold values (r) for generating set of fixed number of detectors. The results show the differences between the mean values of time and accuracy for hamming and r-chunk matching rules. Statistical t test shows that the difference between hamming and r-chunk matching rule are insignificant for accuracy while it is significant for time.

Plant gum exudate harvested from Acacia senegal (Acacia gum/gum Arabic) is the most widely used p... more Plant gum exudate harvested from Acacia senegal (Acacia gum/gum Arabic) is the most widely used plant gum especially in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its non toxicity and excellent properties as emulsifiers and stabilizers in emulsions. It consists of complex polysaccharides and glycoprotein, and its qualities are defined by the biophysical properties of the gum. Analyses of some biophysical properties using range of techniques were carried out for harvested, untreated gum Arabic from Sudan-savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. The results revealed that it has some qualities which were in agreement with the international standard specified for gum Arabic. The soil type of the study area was found to be clayey-sandy in nature.

This study examined the decadal analysis and estimation of temperature changes in northern senato... more This study examined the decadal analysis and estimation of temperature changes in northern senatorial zone of Kaduna state-Nigeria. Temperature data (minimum and maximum) covering 1967 to 2016 was obtained from the archives of Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet) station Zaria. These data were used to determine the decadal trends and estimate changes in minimum, maximum and average temperatures using trend analysis in Microsoft excel tool (2013) and SPSS 23.0 version. Findings indicate a total increase in average temperature of 1.72°C at the rate of 0.034°C year -1 . For the maximum temperature, a total increase of 1.68°C at the rate of 0.033°C year -1 and for minimum temperature an increase of 1.72°C the rate of 0.034 0 C year -1 , indicating increased warming in recent years. The result of Cramer’s test for the monthly average temperature analysis indicated that the tk values for the last two decades shows an increase in temperature as indicated by their positive with the months ...

A survey of root-knot nematode infecting vegetables grown around Zobe dam and Jibia dam areas of ... more A survey of root-knot nematode infecting vegetables grown around Zobe dam and Jibia dam areas of Katsina state in Nigeria was done to determine the level of intensity, incidence, frequency and infestation of root-knot disease. The result of the survey reveals that, two species Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica are present in the state. M. incognita was found in Jibia dam area while M. javanica was found in Zobe dam area. Of the fields visited (Zobe dam), the incidence of the disease was found 33.3% and in Jibia dam area the disease was 38.8%. However; there was wide variation in the intensity of the disease. The intensity of M. javanica (gall index/egg mass index) was ranged from 2-5/2-5, and that of M. incognita ranged from 3-5/3-5. The tomato (50-57%) was the highly infected crop in both the areas followed by short pepper (37-40%).

A rapid and persistent increase in the general prices of goods and services is harmful to the eco... more A rapid and persistent increase in the general prices of goods and services is harmful to the economy in various ways. It is for this reason that price stability is a prime objective of economic policy all over the world. In Nigeria, Government has implemented a number of anti-inflation measures but with limited success. This may be due to an inadequate understanding of the inflationary process. While there is considerable disagreement on the causes of inflation, one of the most frequently cited factor is the money supply. The results of the existing works on the importance of money supply in the inflationary situation in Nigeria are mixed. It is against this background that this study investigated the effect of the money supply on inflation in Nigeria between 1986 and 2009. It also examined the effect of aggregate demand on inflation. The objective of this study is to ascertain how far the money supply can explain the inflationary phenomenon in Nigeria. The study uses secondary dat...

This study aimed at examining the trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall profile in Katsin... more This study aimed at examining the trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall profile in Katsina and its environs. The specific objective was to determine the monthly and annual trends in rainfall for the area. Rainfall data from 1971 to 2010 was sourced from the archive of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMets) Katsina Airport. The data was used to characterize rainfall trends for monthly and annual total which are the determinants of rainy season using Microsoft excel tool (2016) and SPSS 23.0 version. The 5-year running mean showed that below average rainfall was experienced from the early 1970s up to 2000. Findings also showed that above average rainfall is being experienced from the year 2000 afterward. Findings further indicated that there was a significant decrease in rainfall amount in the month of June, little change in the month of July and substantial increase in the months of August and September. The study concludes that there is an apparent increase in rainfall ...

This paper examined the challenges children and young people experienced in accessing secondary e... more This paper examined the challenges children and young people experienced in accessing secondary education in refugees and IDPs camp and its opportunities in north-eastern Nigeria. The paper analysed that distance, poverty, documentation, language difference among refugees and cultural norms are some of the main problem facing IDPs and refugees’ children and youths especially the girl-child. The paper concluded that government need to make adequate planning and recommendation for refugees and IDPs, provision of all the necessary educational facilities, feasibilities in the inclusion of vulnerable refugees, identification of problems and budgetary planning. The paper also recommended that government and humanitarian actors should make effective measures in addressing barriers that will affect the learning outcome of displaced children to school drop-out, the host country should enable refugees to engage in legitimate work to avoid child labour, provision of vocational and technical tr...

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of learning environment on students’ acad... more The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of learning environment on students’ academic achievement in mathematics at senior secondary school level. Thus the study investigated some components of learning environment and their possible influence on students’ academic achievement in mathematics. A sample of 337 randomly selected SS II students was taken from a population of 1682 students in Potiskum LGA, Yobe state. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics as well as the t-test. The result shown that, there is significance difference between the mean performance of students taught in an ideal learning environment and that of students taught in a dull learning environment al 0.05 level of significance. The findings were discussed with a view to improving both the quality of learning environment and academic achievement in mathematics. In view of that therefore, recommendations were made for the improvement of the learning environment. Keywords : Influence/Lear...

Websites such as email providers use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers an... more Websites such as email providers use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) which is a simple test easily solved by humans but not by computers and hence provides a way of distinguishing a legitimate human user from an attacker. Methods have been developed like the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and the third party human attack which have made CAPTCHAs vulnerable. The third party human attack poses a real threat to the use of CAPTCHA which can be easily shown using the Instant Messenger CAPTCHA Attack (IMCA). A new defense system, the interactive CAPTCHA (iCAPTCHA) was developed to defend against third party human solver attacks. The iCAPTCHA is solved via user interactions and the back-and-forth traffic between the client and server amplifies the statistical timing difference between a third party human attacker and a legitimate human user. The aim of this research is to use iCAPTCHA in Smartphones which will be solved after a cert...

Handbook of Machine Learning for Computational Optimization, 2021

International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques, 2020

This study examined the effect of compensation schemes on academic staff performance in Federal P... more This study examined the effect of compensation schemes on academic staff performance in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. Specifically, it investigated the effect of special allowances and part-time emoluments (independent variable) on academic staff performance (dependent variable) of the institution. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprises of the 485 academic staff of the institution from where a total of seventy nine (79) samples of academic staff were selected across six (6) faculties using stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondent. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach- alpha coefficient and the test yielded the alpha coefficient of 0.85 and 0.82 for special allowances and part-time emoluments respectively.Descriptive statistics was used to present the data while multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine the extent to which the independent variabl...

Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020

Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of dec... more Background: Confining women to hospital bed with limited power of movement and involvement of decision making during labor process and restricting them to supine position in second stage of labor might contribute significantly to aversion to hospital delivery. Objective: To determine the different delivery positions women take during home delivery. Method: This was a cross sectional survey among 285 multiparous women who had vaginal delivery of life singleton babies. They were interviewed using questionnaire at Murtala Muhammad Specialist hospital Kano on choices of delivery position. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the state. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS Version 19. Qualitative data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi (χ2) test was used for categorical data. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 28.9 ± 7.12 years. Majority of the women that delivered at home assumed the squatting position for delivery (60%) and were mainly assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBA) (41.3%). Over 50% of those that delivered at home were instructed to take the position they delivered in by their assistants at delivery while those that chose their position by themselves did that because they felt more comfortable in that position (85%). Over 80% of those that were instructed to take a position at delivery did not ask their assistant the reason for advising on that position. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby (χ2=28.517, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Squatting position was the most assumed position following home delivery. There was statistically significant association between educational level and right to decide in which position to deliver the baby.

International Journal of Current Aspects, 2019

Small and Medium Enterprises play an important role towards economic growth and development in Ke... more Small and Medium Enterprises play an important role towards economic growth and development in Kenya at large. However, there is limited evidence on their capital structure or how they take financing decisions in Kenya. It was therefore imperative to understand how key firm characteristics affect capital structure of these enterprises to help in improving policy decisions and offering practical guidance. This study investigated firm characteristics which influence capital structure of SMEs focusing on Kenya with the hope that findings and recommendations will be replicated in in other countries. Ordinary Least Square model was applied on Kenya’s latest enterprise survey data of 2018.Both descriptive and regression analyses were employed. Results indicate that firm size and firm age are negatively associated with the capital structure. On the other hand, the study found that firm performance and assets base, affected capital structure positively. The study concludes that SMEs should ...

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

Objective: Cognitive radio technology allows the opportunistic usage of licensed spectrum resourc... more Objective: Cognitive radio technology allows the opportunistic usage of licensed spectrum resources by unlicensed users. The most important function of the cognitive radio technology is spectrum sensing. In hidden node scenarios, cooperation among cognitive radio nodes is needed to improve the sensing performance. In this work, the benefits of cooperative spectrum sensing are illustrated in a hidden node environment. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The distributed cooperative sensing approach was adopted for the implementation. Universal Software Radio Peripheral was used in collecting spectrum data and results were analysed using MATLAB software toolkit. Findings: Cooperative spectrum sensing among cognitive radio nodes operating at the same frequency improves the probability of detection, and the overall efficiency of the system. Results shows that the cooperative sensing scheme outperforms the individual sensing approach keeping in mind the number of collected samples as the key performance indicator. Applications/Improvements: The results obtained show that the frequency spectrum is underutilised. There is a need to explore the present spectrum holes and improve on the available sensing techniques for the implementation of cognitive radio networks in the future.