varsha chauhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by varsha chauhan

Annals of Oncology, 2014

Background: The morphological evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cance... more Background: The morphological evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is gaining momentum as evidence strengthens for the clinical relevance of this immunological biomarker. Accumulating evidence suggests that the extent of lymphocytic infiltration in tumor tissue can be assessed as a major parameter by evaluation of (H&E) hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections. TILs have been shown to provide prognostic and potentially predictive value, particularly in triple negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Design: A standardized methodology for evaluating TILs is now needed as a prerequisite for integrating this parameter in standard histopathological practice, in a research setting as well as in clinical trials. This article reviews current data on the clinical validity and utility of TILs in breast cancer in an effort to foster better knowledge and insight in this rapidly evolving field, and to develop a standardized methodology for visual assessment on H&E-sections, acknowledging the future potential of molecular/multiplexed approaches. Conclusion: The methodology provided is sufficiently detailed to offer a uniformly applied, pragmatic starting point and improve consistency and reproducibility in the measurement of TILs for future studies.

NATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY MEDICINE

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled medical education instit... more Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled medical education institutes to impart knowledge to the undergraduate MBBS students through online medium. In order to adopt the new online pedagogy it is important to understand perceptions of students and their educators. Further, it is imperative for us to know the shortcomings of online teaching methodologies to develop and inculcate newer teaching methods to maintain quality education. Aim: To understand the perception and challenges faced by the first year MBBS students, faculty and their parents during the compelling online classes as teaching methodology compared to Offline. Materials and Methods: The present study was questionnaire- based, cross-sectional conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India, between August 2021 and October 2021. The present study included students of MBBS first year (n=123), f...

Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2021

Covid-19 pandemic reveals that the virus causes Covid-19 associated coagulopathy and it is well k... more Covid-19 pandemic reveals that the virus causes Covid-19 associated coagulopathy and it is well known that thrombotic risk is associated with ethnicity. To describe the Covid-19 associated coagulopathy in Indian population and to correlate it with the disease severity and survivor status. A cross sectional descriptive study of 391 confirmed Covid-19 cases was carried out over a period of 1.5 months. Patients were categorised as mild to moderate, severe and very severe and also labelled as survivors and non survivors. Prothrombin time (PT), International normalised ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time, D dimer, Fibrin degradation products (FDP), fibrinogen and thrombin time and platelet counts were investigated among the subgroups. Mean age was higher in patients with severe disease (57.62 ± 13.08) and among the non survivors (56.54 ± 12.78). Statistically significant differences in D dimer, FDP, PT, INR and age were seen among the 3 subgroups and survivors. Strong significant positive correlation was noted between D dimer and FDP (r = 0.838, p \ .001), PT and INR (r = 0.986, p \ 0.001). D dimer was the best single coagulation parameter as per the area under curve (AUC: 0.762, p \ 0.001) and D dimer ? FDP was the best combination parameter (AUC: 0.764, p = 0) to differentiate mild moderate from severe disease. Raised levels of D dimer, FDP, PT, PT INR and higher age correlated positively with disease severity and mortality in Indian Population.

Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2020

We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium simiae , a slowly growing nontuberculous myc... more We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium simiae , a slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) isolated from a mouthwash sample of a healthy person. This genome of 6,603,693 bp exhibited a 66.13% GC content and 6,391 genes with 6,257 coding sequences, 3 rRNAs, and 78 tRNAs.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2022

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is an extremely rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) which is ch... more Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is an extremely rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) which is characterized by persistent, non-reactive thrombocytosis (> 450 X 109/L) and an increased risk for thrombotic events.These patients have an increased risk of both hematological and non-hematological malignancies however the risk of breast cancer in MPN is not increased in comparison to general population. We hereby present an extremely unusual case of ET in a 38 years old female (diagnosed with breast cancer), which came to light on routine pre-surgical work up of the patient.Diagnosis was confirmed on bone marrow aspiration clubbed with JAK 2 mutation. Patients with ET have an increased risk of thrombosis thereby it becomes challenging for the clinician to operate on a coexistent solid tumor. On extensive literary search, there was a single case of coexistent Breast Cancer and Essential Thrombocythemia and we are reporting second such coexistence to the best of our knowledge. Banglades...

Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 2021

Let F q denote the finite field of order q, and let n = m 1 +m 2 +• • •+m , where m 1 , m 2 ,. ..... more Let F q denote the finite field of order q, and let n = m 1 +m 2 +• • •+m , where m 1 , m 2 ,. .. , m are arbitrary positive integers (not necessarily coprime to q). In this paper, we explicitly determine Hamming weights of all non-zero codewords of several classes of multi-twisted codes of length n and block lengths (m 1 , m 2 ,. .. , m) over F q. As an application of these results, we explicitly determine Hamming weight distributions of several classes of multitwisted codes of length n and block lengths (m 1 , m 2 ,. .. , m) over F q. Among these classes of multi-twisted codes, we identify two classes of optimal equidistant linear codes that have nice connections with the theory of combinatorial designs and several other classes of minimal linear codes that are useful in constructing secret sharing schemes with nice access structures. We illustrate our results with some examples, and list many optimal, projective and minimal linear codes belonging to these classes of multi-twisted codes.

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health burden with an increasing prevalenc... more Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health burden with an increasing prevalence in children and adult females. Traditionally, absolute iron deficiency has been based on low serum iron and ferritin. In recent years, the development of new automated hematologyanalyzers has paved the way for analysis of new parameters for mature red blood cells and reticulocytes in diagnosis of anemia. Materials and methods: Blood samples of adult females of reproductive age group (15-45 years) were collected and processed within 6 hours of collection. Based on hematological and biochemical findings, patients were segregated into four subgroups: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA, n = 40), Anemia of chronic disease (ACD, n=40), Latent iron deficiency (n=40) and Controls (n=40). Observations and results: The novel hematological parametersReticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), percentage of microcytic red blood cells (MicroR), hemoglobin content of erythrocytes (RBC-He) and percentage of h...

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary h... more Introduction: Cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer. Objectives: To compare the Complete Blood Count, Lipid Profile and Coagulation profile (PT, aPTT) in the smokers and non-smokers and to study the correlation of pack years of smoking with the above parameters. Methodology: The study was a case control study (110 smokers as cases and 110 non smokers as controls). The cases were grouped into mild smokers (<5 pack years), moderate smokers (5-10 pack years) and heavy smokers (>10 pack years).A complete blood count including Differential leucocyte count, Lipid Profile and Coagulation profile was done. Observation and Results: The RBC count and TLC were significantly elevated, however, MCV and MCH were significantly reduced in the smokers with a p value <.05. The S. cholesterol and LDL values were raised in the smokers (168.58±39.95 versus 157.71±35.94) and (103.92±35.01 versus 93.86±29.76) respectivel...

Middle East Journal of Cancer, 2021

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in females globally and also the le... more Background: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in females globally and also the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based molecular subtyping has put newer insights into the biological behaviour and clinical management of breast carcinoma. We conducted the present study to correlate the four IHC-based molecular subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive, and triple negative breast carcinoma with various clinicopathological parameters amongst the industrial population of Haryana. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 cases of invasive breast carcinoma, who underwent modified radical mastectomy over a period of 2.5 years with the prior approval of Institutional Ethical Committee at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad. We performed routine histopathological examination along with IHC (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)...

American journal of blood research, 2021

BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a systemic viral infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic ... more BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a systemic viral infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system, hemostasis as well as immune system. It would be of utmost importance to explore if the most routinely used tests could serve as an aid in determining patient's clinical status or predicting severity of the disease. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 Covid-19 positive patients and 200 controls over a period of two months (June and July 2020). The cases were sub-classified based on disease severity into mild to moderate (n=337), severe (n=118) and very severe (n=51) and based on survivor status into survivors (n=473) and non-survivors (n=33). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in WBC count, Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) Red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD)...

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017

Background: Lamellar bodies are present in amniotic fluid and their quantity increases with incre... more Background: Lamellar bodies are present in amniotic fluid and their quantity increases with increased gestational age. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (P-PROM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is a major cause of preterm deliveries and thus the important cause of RDS. Fetal pulmonary maturity can be assessed by direct or indirect measurement of surfactant phospholipids secreted by the fetal lungs into amniotic fluid. Lamellar body count (LBC) has been introduced as an alternative to other methods.Methods: The study’s prime aim is to establish LBC as a predictor of RDS in P-PROM. We included pregnant women with P-PROM and gestational age between 28 weeks and 37 weeks and singleton live pregnancy. The lamellar body counting from amniotic fluid was done with the use of a standard hematology cell counter, sysmex KX-21. There was statistically significant co-relation between lamellar body count and period of gestation (by applying ANOVA).Results: Lamell...

Mathematical Sciences, 2018

In this paper, we will present some fixed point results for two classes of generalized contractio... more In this paper, we will present some fixed point results for two classes of generalized contractions of Boyd-Wong type in partial b-metric spaces. More precisely, the structure of the paper is the following. In section one, we present some useful notions and results. The aim of section two is to introduce the concepts of Boyd-Wong F-contractions of type A and of type B and establish some new common fixed point results in partial b-metric spaces. We show the validity and superiority of our main results by suitable examples which are visualized by corresponding surfaces and related graphs. In section three, we correct some slip-ups in some recent papers. Finally, in section four, two applications to integral equation and periodic boundary value problem are included which make effective the new concepts and results.

Finite Fields and Their Applications, 2018

Let Fq denote the finite field of order q, let m1, m2, • • • , m ℓ be positive integers satisfyin... more Let Fq denote the finite field of order q, let m1, m2, • • • , m ℓ be positive integers satisfying gcd(mi, q) = 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ ℓ, and let n = m1 + m2 + • • • + m ℓ. Let Λ = (λ1, λ2, • • • , λ ℓ) be fixed, where λ1, λ2, • • • , λ ℓ are non-zero elements of Fq. In this paper, we study the algebraic structure of Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over Fq and their dual codes with respect to the standard inner product on F n q. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a self-dual Λ-multi-twisted code of length n over Fq, and obtain enumeration formulae for all self-dual and self-orthogonal Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over Fq. We also derive some sufficient conditions under which a Λ-multi-twisted code is LCD. We determine the parity-check polynomial of all Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over Fq and obtain a BCH type bound on their minimum Hamming distances. We also determine generating sets of dual codes of some Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over Fq from the generating sets of the codes. Besides this, we provide a trace description for all Λ-multi-twisted codes of length n over Fq by viewing these codes as direct sums of certain concatenated codes, which leads to a method to construct these codes. We also obtain a lower bound on their minimum Hamming distances using their multilevel concatenated structure.

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy, 2018

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major health problems causing maternal morbidity and morta... more Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major health problems causing maternal morbidity and mortality, complicating 3-8% of pregnancies. It has been suggested that the alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The markers of platelet activation include platelet count, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume and plateletcrit. Study design: It was a case-controlled study which included a total of 60 patients (30 cases and 30 controls). Blood samples were collected and the platelet indices-platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width-were evaluated using the Sysmex XN1000 and compared between the two groups. Results: The MPV and PDW also showed a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups, with a significant positive correlation with increasing blood pressure (MPVr = +0.6126, p < 0.05 and PDW-r = +0.6441, p < 0.05). The PC and PCT had lower values in the preeclampsia patients, however the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The MPV and PDW showed a significant difference between the two groups and increasing values with increasing BP. However, the PC and PCT in our study did not show a significant correlation with preeclampsia. Thus, the platelet indices, mainly the MPV and PDW, which are economical and easily available, can be reliable in the prediction and early diagnosis of preeclampsia, as well as a marker for the severity of preeclampsia.

Indian journal of surgical oncology, 2018

Primary malignant spindle cell tumors are rare constituting 1.0% of breast malignancies. Spindle ... more Primary malignant spindle cell tumors are rare constituting 1.0% of breast malignancies. Spindle cell lesions occurring in soft tissues can occur in breast with overlapping morphologies. It can present as benign lesion and have inconclusive cytological findings, so easily missed if not properly dealt with. Stromal sarcoma should be diagnosed only after thorough sectioning and negative staining for p63, broad spectrum, and high molecular weight keratin. We present a case of right breast lump. Cytological features revealed fibro histiocytic lesion. There were no areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, or calcification. Histopathologically, it showed partially encapsulated tumor with cells arranged in sheets, composed of oval to epithelioid cells with spindling at places with moderate pleomorphism (mitotic activity 6-7/10 hpf). Differential diagnosis of primary stromal sarcoma, metaplastic sarcoma, and phyllodes was made. Immunohistochemistry revealed vimentin positivity with focal positivity o...

Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, 2017

Recently, Piri et al. [H. Piri, P. Kumam, Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2014 (2014), 11 pages] refine... more Recently, Piri et al. [H. Piri, P. Kumam, Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2014 (2014), 11 pages] refined the result of Wardowski [D. Wardowski, Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2012 (2012), 6 pages] by launching some weaker conditions on the self-map regarding a complete metric space and over the mapping F. In the article, we inaugurate Boyd-Wong type generalized F-ψ-contraction and prove some new fixed point results in partial metric spaces, also we deduce fixed point results involving cyclic Boyd-Wong type generalized F-ψ-contraction in the same setup. These results substantially generalize and improve the corresponding theorems contained in Wardowski ([D. Wardowski, Fixed

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct 31, 2017

As a growing number of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus are resistant to most antibio... more As a growing number of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus are resistant to most antibiotics, new treatment options that are effective against these drug-resistant strains are desperately needed. The majority of the linkages in the cell wall peptidoglycan of M. abscessus are synthesized by non-classical transpeptidases, namely the L,D-transpeptidases. Emerging evidence suggests that these enzymes represent a new molecular vulnerability in this pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibition of these enzymes by the carbapenem class of β-lactams determines their activity against M. tuberculosis Here, we studied the interactions of β-lactams with two L,D-transpeptidases in M. abscessus, namely LdtMab1 and LdtMab2, and found both the carbapenem and cephalosporin--but not penicillin-sub-class of β-lactams inhibit these enzymes. Contrary to the commonly held belief that combination therapy with β-lactams is redundant, doripenem and cefdinir exhibit synergy against both...

International Journal of Analysis, 2017

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new concepts of (α,β)-admissible Geraghty type generali... more The purpose of this paper is to introduce new concepts of (α,β)-admissible Geraghty type generalized F-contraction and to prove that some fixed point results for such mappings are in the perspective of partial b-metric space. As an application, we inaugurate new fixed point results for Geraghty type generalized graphic F-contraction defined on partial metric space endowed with a directed graph. On the other hand, one more application to the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the first-order periodic boundary value problem is also provided. Our findings encompass various generalizations of the Banach contraction principle on metric space, partial metric space, and partial b-metric space. Moreover, some examples are presented to illustrate the usability of the new theory.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar 9, 2017

β-lactams are the most widely used antibacterials. Among β-lactams, carbapenems are considered th... more β-lactams are the most widely used antibacterials. Among β-lactams, carbapenems are considered the last line of defense against recalcitrant infections. As recent developments have prompted consideration of carbapenems for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is only a matter of time before Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains resistant to these drugs will emerge. Here, we investigated the genetic basis that confers such resistance. To our surprise, instead of mutations in the known β-lactam targets, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Rv2421c-Rv2422 intergenic region was common among Mtb mutants selected with meropenem or biapenem. We present data that support the hypothesis that this locus harbors a previously unidentified gene that encodes a protein. This protein binds to β-lactams, slowly hydrolyzes the chromogenic β-lactam nitrocefin and is inhibited by select penicillins, carbapenems and β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate. The mutation results in a W62R substitu...

East Asian mathematical journal, 2015

In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in... more In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in the milieu of partially ordered Gmetric spaces using different contractive conditions. In this note, some coupled fixed point theorems using mixed monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces are obtained. Furthermore some theorems by omitting the completeness on the space and continuity conditions on function, are obtained. Our results partially generalize some existing results in the present literature. To exemplify our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we equip the article with suitable examples.