yamini shah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by yamini shah

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin’s regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are syntheti...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is consid...

The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder... more The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder from corn husk [CH]. Extraction of microcrystalline cellulose was performed by pulping of husks with different acids [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid], alkali [Sodium Hydroxide] treatment and bleaching. The morphology of the treated microcrystalline cellulose was investigated using scanning electron microscopy [SEM], which showed a compact structure and sharp surface. Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy indicated that characteristic peaks of all prepared microcrystalline cellulose [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid] samples and Marketed product [Avicel PH101] were similar. As per X-ray diffraction [XRD] crystallinity index of the produced microcrystalline cellulose ranged from 73% to 79%. The resultant excipient obtained from above mentioned method demonstrated strong thermal stability. Authenticity of the microcrystalline cellulose was proved by comparing physico chemical and micromeritic properties with Avicel PH101.

International journal of pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, Jul 15, 2023

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, Terminalia arjuna respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is considered to be effective sunscreen in healing, softening and rejuvenating the skin. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, Jul 11, 2019

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 29, 2019

Objective: The present work aims to compare powder flow properties and post-compression character... more Objective: The present work aims to compare powder flow properties and post-compression characteristics of acid hydrolysed nanocellulose (AH-NC) a novel excipient with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH200) to demonstrate the application and performance of AH-NC. Methods: I-optimal design was applied separately for both the excipient, i.e., MCC PH200 and AH-NC. Independent variables were MCC PH200 as diluent (X1), AH-NC as diluent (X1), starch as disintegrant (X2), and PVP K30 as dry binder (X3). The dependent variables in design were Carr's index (CI) (R1), angle of repose (AR) (R2), hardness (R3), friability (R4), disintegration time (DT) (R5), and T90 (R6). Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed the compatibility of the drug with an excipient. CI was found in the range of 8%-17.84% for MCC PH200 and 5.25%-11.94% for AH-NC. AR was found in the range of 31.48-37.66 for MCC PH200 and 29.62-35.30 for AH-NC. The values of friability, DT, and T90 were almost identical in both the cases. Conclusion: Not only does AH-NC demonstrates better flow properties but also problems of weight variation and content uniformity are not observed when compared to MCC PH200. Hence, AH-NC is more suitable as an excipient for modern high-speed rotary tablet press.

Drug delivery letters, Sep 1, 2023

: This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner... more : This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner ear disorders. Systemic delivery, such as antibiotics and steroids for the inner ear, was the basis on which current drug delivery systems and devices have been researched and developed. Re-searchers and clinicians had to develop and deliver drugs locally due to adverse effects caused by drugs systemically. Intratympanic method of antibiotics and steroid delivery has been common; however, newer techniques such as microcatheter implantation, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and intra-cochlear implants are being investigated successfully. Recently advances in microfluidic and mi-crosystems technology have applied medications directly into the inner ear. This technology will also be adopted to deliver gene therapy, RNA interference technology, and stem cell therapy by cli-nicians in the future.

International journal of pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, Feb 15, 2023

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin's regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are synthetic substances which are classified into organic and inorganic filters. Synthetic agents have a number of serious side effects. As a result, to overcome this deleterious effects natural sunscreens were found by the researchers from nature. Natural products can be used as sunscreens and have healing, softening, rejuvenating, and sun protection properties. However, the use of sunscreen has a number of drawbacks, including inducing photoallergic dermatitis, environment pollution, and deficiency of vitamin D production. Therefore, consumers should use appropriate herbal formulations to improve sun protection as well as to avoid the side effects of synthetic sunscreens. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Indian journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Jun 15, 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as a field of science and engineering that is concerned... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as a field of science and engineering that is concerned with the artificial appreciation of what is generally referred to as prudent behavior and the formation of fascinations that demonstrate such conduct. AI is an expansive concept that encloses a series of advances (a considerable lot of which have been being worked on for quite a few years) that are expected to use human-like insight to handle the problems. Right now in combination with enhanced AI developments like extreme or significantly more engaged, we are experiencing a renewed enthusiasm for AI, energized by a tremendous increase in computing capacity and a significantly greater increase in knowledge. AI, along with machine learning, can be used in computer vision. More advantages in the field of engineering as well as in medicine can be accomplished based on these future scenarios worldwide. Healthcare is seen as the next domain that is said to be altered by the use of the concept of artificial intelligence. The AI process is used for critical diseases such as cancer, neurology, cardiology and diabetes. The review includes the ongoing flow status of medical services for AI applications. A few progressive explorations of AI applications in medicinal services that provide a perspective on future where human interactions are gradually brought together by social insurance conveyance. Likewise, this review will discuss how AI and machine learning can save the life of someone. It is also a guide for healthcare professionals to see how, when, and where AI can be more efficient and have the desired outcomes.

Journal of applied pharmaceutical research, Mar 15, 2021

Therapeutic cargos which are impermeable to the cell can be delivered by cell penetrating peptide... more Therapeutic cargos which are impermeable to the cell can be delivered by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPP-cargo complexes accumulate by endocytosis inside the cells but they fail to reach the cytosolic space properly as they are often trapped in the endocytic organelles. Here the CPP mediated endosomal escape and some strategies used to increase endosomal escape of CPP-cargo conjugates are discussed with evidence. Potential benefits can be obtained by peptides such as reduction in side effects, biocompatibility, easier synthesis and can be obtained at lower administered doses. The particular peptide known as cell penetrating peptides are able to translocate themselves across membrane with the carrier drugs with different mechanisms. This is of prime importance in drug delivery systems as they have capability to cross physiological membranes. This review describes various mechanisms for effective drug delivery and associated challenges.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 1997

AbstractHydrogels of cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were developed and their properties ... more AbstractHydrogels of cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were developed and their properties were evaluated as a controlled-release oral solid dosage form. The concentration of glutaraldehyde involved in cross-linking is directly proportional to the compactness of the three-dimensional networks of the cross-linked PVA. The theoretical calculations reveal that the release of diltiazem HCl from PVA could be described by the combination of Fickian and diffusion-controlled models. The confirmation of cross-linking was done by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The microparticles show lower percentage compressibility but good flowability; hence a capsule dosage form was thought to be suitable. The toxicity level of PVA was confirmed to be 10 g/kg body weight. The microparticle formulation was optimized with respect to size distribution and increased drug loading. The microparticles were physically evaluated with respect to bulk density, angle of repose, and percent compressibility...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is consid...

Drug Delivery Letters

: This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner... more : This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner ear disorders. Systemic delivery, such as antibiotics and steroids for the inner ear, was the basis on which current drug delivery systems and devices have been researched and developed. Re-searchers and clinicians had to develop and deliver drugs locally due to adverse effects caused by drugs systemically. Intratympanic method of antibiotics and steroid delivery has been common; however, newer techniques such as microcatheter implantation, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and intra-cochlear implants are being investigated successfully. Recently advances in microfluidic and mi-crosystems technology have applied medications directly into the inner ear. This technology will also be adopted to deliver gene therapy, RNA interference technology, and stem cell therapy by cli-nicians in the future.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin’s regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are syntheti...

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water soluble polymer used as emulsifier for suspension polymerizati... more Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water soluble polymer used as emulsifier for suspension polymerization. PVA discharged from industrial effluents poses a threat to the environment through bioaccumulation. It also has the potential to mobilize heavy metals from sediments in water streams and lakes and thus increase their bioavailability to the food chain. Adsorption of PVA onto carbon is a versatile treatment but cost prohibitive unless regenerated. This study aims at restoring the adsorptive capacity of PVA adsorbed granular activated carbon (GAC) by biodegradation catalyzed by oxidases and/or hydrolases. The biodegradation of PVA adsorbed on GAC by acclimatized microbial cultures, was carried out using specified media along with controls (without cultures). Biodegradation of aqueous solutions of PVA was studied under similar conditions using the mixed cultures. Results indicate a steady decrease in PVA concentration upto 96 hrs. Biodegradation of PVA on GAC was almost 2-3 fold higher t...

IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology

A novel corona virus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019. Millions of people were affected due t... more A novel corona virus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019. Millions of people were affected due to this virus outbreak and quarantined for almost 2 years resulting in great loss in millions of lives in the world. This also resulted in a great impact in economy and health sector globally. After the outbreak the development of cure against SARS-CoV-2 is in full motion, less efforts have been spent on the prevention of rapidly spreading respiratory infectious agents. At present there is no effective treatment that could mitigate SARS-CoV-2. Available clinical intervention for covid-19 is only limited to support. Due to dreadful situation caused by COVID-19, there is an immediate need to discover potent therapeutic agents and targeted deliveries which can inhibit COVID-19 entry, progression and spread in human beings. Comprehensive understanding on the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2viruses and their interaction with hosts is important in the fight against these viruses. Thus, there is an urge...

The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder... more The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder from corn husk [CH]. Extraction of microcrystalline cellulose was performed by pulping of husks with different acids [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid], alkali [Sodium Hydroxide] treatment and bleaching. The morphology of the treated microcrystalline cellulose was investigated using scanning electron microscopy [SEM], which showed a compact structure and sharp surface. Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy indicated that characteristic peaks of all prepared microcrystalline cellulose [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid] samples and Marketed product [Avicel PH101] were similar. As per X-ray diffraction [XRD] crystallinity index of the produced microcrystalline cellulose ranged from 73% to 79%. The resultant excipient obtained from above mentioned method demonstrated strong thermal stability. Authenticity of the microcrystalline cellulose was proved by comparing physico chemical and micromeritic properties with Avicel PH101.

Now a day oral route is the easiest and most prominent route for drug delivery. More than 40% of ... more Now a day oral route is the easiest and most prominent route for drug delivery. More than 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility result in unsatisfactory oral drug delivery. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a Class IV drug, possess lower solubility and lower bioavailability. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a Micro emulsion to overcome these issues. Capmul MCM was selected as an oily phase, tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The batches of emulsion were formulated by spontaneous emulsification method. Different concentrations of Surfactant and Co. Surfactant were used to formulate micro emulsion. Evaluation parameters such as Globule size, pH, Viscosity, Clarity, Dilution test, Centrifugation and Freeze Thaw method were tested. %CDR, Drug content and Anti-microbial assay were also calculated.

Although sustained release drug delivery systems were introduced in the market at the beginning o... more Although sustained release drug delivery systems were introduced in the market at the beginning of 1960s it became popular only after 1970. In order to maintain blood levels of a drug within the safe margin, calculated doses of the drug need to be given at different time intervals or one preprogrammed drug delivery system need to be given which will release drug at a rate and for a period as per the therapeutic need.1 Fig.1 represents plasma drug levels versus time curve for a drug administered as conventional dosage form, (I), and sustained release dosage form (II)2.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin’s regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are syntheti...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is consid...

The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder... more The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder from corn husk [CH]. Extraction of microcrystalline cellulose was performed by pulping of husks with different acids [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid], alkali [Sodium Hydroxide] treatment and bleaching. The morphology of the treated microcrystalline cellulose was investigated using scanning electron microscopy [SEM], which showed a compact structure and sharp surface. Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy indicated that characteristic peaks of all prepared microcrystalline cellulose [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid] samples and Marketed product [Avicel PH101] were similar. As per X-ray diffraction [XRD] crystallinity index of the produced microcrystalline cellulose ranged from 73% to 79%. The resultant excipient obtained from above mentioned method demonstrated strong thermal stability. Authenticity of the microcrystalline cellulose was proved by comparing physico chemical and micromeritic properties with Avicel PH101.

International journal of pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, Jul 15, 2023

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, Terminalia arjuna respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is considered to be effective sunscreen in healing, softening and rejuvenating the skin. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, Jul 11, 2019

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, May 29, 2019

Objective: The present work aims to compare powder flow properties and post-compression character... more Objective: The present work aims to compare powder flow properties and post-compression characteristics of acid hydrolysed nanocellulose (AH-NC) a novel excipient with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH200) to demonstrate the application and performance of AH-NC. Methods: I-optimal design was applied separately for both the excipient, i.e., MCC PH200 and AH-NC. Independent variables were MCC PH200 as diluent (X1), AH-NC as diluent (X1), starch as disintegrant (X2), and PVP K30 as dry binder (X3). The dependent variables in design were Carr's index (CI) (R1), angle of repose (AR) (R2), hardness (R3), friability (R4), disintegration time (DT) (R5), and T90 (R6). Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed the compatibility of the drug with an excipient. CI was found in the range of 8%-17.84% for MCC PH200 and 5.25%-11.94% for AH-NC. AR was found in the range of 31.48-37.66 for MCC PH200 and 29.62-35.30 for AH-NC. The values of friability, DT, and T90 were almost identical in both the cases. Conclusion: Not only does AH-NC demonstrates better flow properties but also problems of weight variation and content uniformity are not observed when compared to MCC PH200. Hence, AH-NC is more suitable as an excipient for modern high-speed rotary tablet press.

Drug delivery letters, Sep 1, 2023

: This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner... more : This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner ear disorders. Systemic delivery, such as antibiotics and steroids for the inner ear, was the basis on which current drug delivery systems and devices have been researched and developed. Re-searchers and clinicians had to develop and deliver drugs locally due to adverse effects caused by drugs systemically. Intratympanic method of antibiotics and steroid delivery has been common; however, newer techniques such as microcatheter implantation, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and intra-cochlear implants are being investigated successfully. Recently advances in microfluidic and mi-crosystems technology have applied medications directly into the inner ear. This technology will also be adopted to deliver gene therapy, RNA interference technology, and stem cell therapy by cli-nicians in the future.

International journal of pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, Feb 15, 2023

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin's regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are synthetic substances which are classified into organic and inorganic filters. Synthetic agents have a number of serious side effects. As a result, to overcome this deleterious effects natural sunscreens were found by the researchers from nature. Natural products can be used as sunscreens and have healing, softening, rejuvenating, and sun protection properties. However, the use of sunscreen has a number of drawbacks, including inducing photoallergic dermatitis, environment pollution, and deficiency of vitamin D production. Therefore, consumers should use appropriate herbal formulations to improve sun protection as well as to avoid the side effects of synthetic sunscreens. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Indian journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Jun 15, 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as a field of science and engineering that is concerned... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) is described as a field of science and engineering that is concerned with the artificial appreciation of what is generally referred to as prudent behavior and the formation of fascinations that demonstrate such conduct. AI is an expansive concept that encloses a series of advances (a considerable lot of which have been being worked on for quite a few years) that are expected to use human-like insight to handle the problems. Right now in combination with enhanced AI developments like extreme or significantly more engaged, we are experiencing a renewed enthusiasm for AI, energized by a tremendous increase in computing capacity and a significantly greater increase in knowledge. AI, along with machine learning, can be used in computer vision. More advantages in the field of engineering as well as in medicine can be accomplished based on these future scenarios worldwide. Healthcare is seen as the next domain that is said to be altered by the use of the concept of artificial intelligence. The AI process is used for critical diseases such as cancer, neurology, cardiology and diabetes. The review includes the ongoing flow status of medical services for AI applications. A few progressive explorations of AI applications in medicinal services that provide a perspective on future where human interactions are gradually brought together by social insurance conveyance. Likewise, this review will discuss how AI and machine learning can save the life of someone. It is also a guide for healthcare professionals to see how, when, and where AI can be more efficient and have the desired outcomes.

Journal of applied pharmaceutical research, Mar 15, 2021

Therapeutic cargos which are impermeable to the cell can be delivered by cell penetrating peptide... more Therapeutic cargos which are impermeable to the cell can be delivered by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPP-cargo complexes accumulate by endocytosis inside the cells but they fail to reach the cytosolic space properly as they are often trapped in the endocytic organelles. Here the CPP mediated endosomal escape and some strategies used to increase endosomal escape of CPP-cargo conjugates are discussed with evidence. Potential benefits can be obtained by peptides such as reduction in side effects, biocompatibility, easier synthesis and can be obtained at lower administered doses. The particular peptide known as cell penetrating peptides are able to translocate themselves across membrane with the carrier drugs with different mechanisms. This is of prime importance in drug delivery systems as they have capability to cross physiological membranes. This review describes various mechanisms for effective drug delivery and associated challenges.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 1997

AbstractHydrogels of cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were developed and their properties ... more AbstractHydrogels of cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were developed and their properties were evaluated as a controlled-release oral solid dosage form. The concentration of glutaraldehyde involved in cross-linking is directly proportional to the compactness of the three-dimensional networks of the cross-linked PVA. The theoretical calculations reveal that the release of diltiazem HCl from PVA could be described by the combination of Fickian and diffusion-controlled models. The confirmation of cross-linking was done by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The microparticles show lower percentage compressibility but good flowability; hence a capsule dosage form was thought to be suitable. The toxicity level of PVA was confirmed to be 10 g/kg body weight. The microparticle formulation was optimized with respect to size distribution and increased drug loading. The microparticles were physically evaluated with respect to bulk density, angle of repose, and percent compressibility...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is consid...

Drug Delivery Letters

: This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner... more : This review aims to provide historical, present, and future drug deliveries for treating in-ner ear disorders. Systemic delivery, such as antibiotics and steroids for the inner ear, was the basis on which current drug delivery systems and devices have been researched and developed. Re-searchers and clinicians had to develop and deliver drugs locally due to adverse effects caused by drugs systemically. Intratympanic method of antibiotics and steroid delivery has been common; however, newer techniques such as microcatheter implantation, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and intra-cochlear implants are being investigated successfully. Recently advances in microfluidic and mi-crosystems technology have applied medications directly into the inner ear. This technology will also be adopted to deliver gene therapy, RNA interference technology, and stem cell therapy by cli-nicians in the future.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptom... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are divided into three wavelength categories: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic conditions induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin, resulting in oxidative damage and damage of the antioxidant system in the human body. Such injuries disrupt the skin’s regulation pathways, resulting in photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredients in sunscreen agents are syntheti...

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water soluble polymer used as emulsifier for suspension polymerizati... more Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water soluble polymer used as emulsifier for suspension polymerization. PVA discharged from industrial effluents poses a threat to the environment through bioaccumulation. It also has the potential to mobilize heavy metals from sediments in water streams and lakes and thus increase their bioavailability to the food chain. Adsorption of PVA onto carbon is a versatile treatment but cost prohibitive unless regenerated. This study aims at restoring the adsorptive capacity of PVA adsorbed granular activated carbon (GAC) by biodegradation catalyzed by oxidases and/or hydrolases. The biodegradation of PVA adsorbed on GAC by acclimatized microbial cultures, was carried out using specified media along with controls (without cultures). Biodegradation of aqueous solutions of PVA was studied under similar conditions using the mixed cultures. Results indicate a steady decrease in PVA concentration upto 96 hrs. Biodegradation of PVA on GAC was almost 2-3 fold higher t...

IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology

A novel corona virus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019. Millions of people were affected due t... more A novel corona virus originated from Wuhan, China in 2019. Millions of people were affected due to this virus outbreak and quarantined for almost 2 years resulting in great loss in millions of lives in the world. This also resulted in a great impact in economy and health sector globally. After the outbreak the development of cure against SARS-CoV-2 is in full motion, less efforts have been spent on the prevention of rapidly spreading respiratory infectious agents. At present there is no effective treatment that could mitigate SARS-CoV-2. Available clinical intervention for covid-19 is only limited to support. Due to dreadful situation caused by COVID-19, there is an immediate need to discover potent therapeutic agents and targeted deliveries which can inhibit COVID-19 entry, progression and spread in human beings. Comprehensive understanding on the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2viruses and their interaction with hosts is important in the fight against these viruses. Thus, there is an urge...

The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder... more The aim of this work was to prepare low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose [MCC] powder from corn husk [CH]. Extraction of microcrystalline cellulose was performed by pulping of husks with different acids [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid], alkali [Sodium Hydroxide] treatment and bleaching. The morphology of the treated microcrystalline cellulose was investigated using scanning electron microscopy [SEM], which showed a compact structure and sharp surface. Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy indicated that characteristic peaks of all prepared microcrystalline cellulose [Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, and Nitric acid] samples and Marketed product [Avicel PH101] were similar. As per X-ray diffraction [XRD] crystallinity index of the produced microcrystalline cellulose ranged from 73% to 79%. The resultant excipient obtained from above mentioned method demonstrated strong thermal stability. Authenticity of the microcrystalline cellulose was proved by comparing physico chemical and micromeritic properties with Avicel PH101.

Now a day oral route is the easiest and most prominent route for drug delivery. More than 40% of ... more Now a day oral route is the easiest and most prominent route for drug delivery. More than 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility result in unsatisfactory oral drug delivery. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a Class IV drug, possess lower solubility and lower bioavailability. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a Micro emulsion to overcome these issues. Capmul MCM was selected as an oily phase, tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The batches of emulsion were formulated by spontaneous emulsification method. Different concentrations of Surfactant and Co. Surfactant were used to formulate micro emulsion. Evaluation parameters such as Globule size, pH, Viscosity, Clarity, Dilution test, Centrifugation and Freeze Thaw method were tested. %CDR, Drug content and Anti-microbial assay were also calculated.

Although sustained release drug delivery systems were introduced in the market at the beginning o... more Although sustained release drug delivery systems were introduced in the market at the beginning of 1960s it became popular only after 1970. In order to maintain blood levels of a drug within the safe margin, calculated doses of the drug need to be given at different time intervals or one preprogrammed drug delivery system need to be given which will release drug at a rate and for a period as per the therapeutic need.1 Fig.1 represents plasma drug levels versus time curve for a drug administered as conventional dosage form, (I), and sustained release dosage form (II)2.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, 2023

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from har... more Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is considered to be effective sunscreen in healing, softening and rejuvenating the skin.

Keywords: Skin, Sunscreen, Herbal sunscreen cream, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), Phytochemical screening, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia, Terminalia arjuna 1