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Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical diversity and pharmacological effects of triterpenes from genus Ziziphus: a comprehensive review

Phytochemistry Reviews, Sep 16, 2022

The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edibl... more The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edible fruits due to its diverse phytochemicals. The genus is grown in several world locations to encompass mainly Z. jujuba, Z. xylopyrus, Z. spina-christi, Z. lotus, Z. mauritiana, Z. celata, etc. Folk medicinal uses reported in genus Ziziphus include treating headaches, obesity, common colds, diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Scientific reports published till 2022 on Ziziphus phytochemistry and biological activities are discussed in this review, emphasizing the last 10 years to include a variety of phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Terpenoids and saponins are ubiquitous in the genus Ziziphus, and to account for many of its health benefits. Consequently, this study focused on these two phytoconstituent classes never reviewed before in literature. Reported effects for Ziziphus triterpenes included antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Ziziphus species, with recapitulation on triterpenoids/ saponins for utilization as therapeutic agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Gingerols and shogaols: A multi-faceted review of their extraction, formulation, and analysis in drugs and biofluids to maximize their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications

Research paper thumbnail of Enzyme Immobilization Technologies and Industrial Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Role of green chemistry in sustainable corrosion inhibition: a review on recent developments

Materials Today Sustainability

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria

Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2020

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in th... more Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, flavones, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review article summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption of dark colored compounds from guava juice by activated carbon

The adsorption of dark colored compounds from browned Guava juice by activated carbon was studied... more The adsorption of dark colored compounds from browned Guava juice by activated carbon was studied at 25°C and 50°C. Concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm. The determined adsorption isotherms correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Frumkin models. The Frumkin isotherm provided the best correlation denoting the existence of lateral interactions between the adsorbed species. Five adsorption kinetic models were evaluated: Pseudo 1 st order, Pseudo 2 nd order, Modified Freundlich, Pore Diffusion and Elovich models. The adsorption kinetics were well described with the Modified Freundlich, Pore Diffusion and Elovich models revealing that intraparticle diffusion and chemisorption were involved in the adsorption process.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanoencapsulated Extract of a Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Species as a Promising Source of Natural Antioxidants

ACS Omega, 2022

Marine seaweed species represent an important source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidan... more Marine seaweed species represent an important source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant activity. This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacity of the Jania rubens algal extract by means of two antioxidant assays, i.e., 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The seaweeds' total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assayed as markers of antioxidant activity. To identify active agents responsible for the antioxidant activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for comprehensive metabolites characterization. To enhance the Jania rubens efficacy, the extract was nanoencapsulated using an ionic gelation method by means of high-pressure homogenization. The optimum nanoformulation had a particle size of 161 nm, a ζ potential of 31.2 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.211, and entrapment efficiency of 99.7%. The in vitro phytochemicals' release profiles of Jania rubens chitosan nanoparticles in comparison to the concentration of the raw algal extract were studied by the dialysis bag diffusion method revealing that the extract was released in a controlled pattern. The results indicated the potential advantages of the encapsulated Jania rubens extract, with its potent antioxidant activity, for use in different applications where sustained release is useful.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective Action of Jania rubens Nanoencapsulated Algal Extract in Controlling Vegetable Oils’ Rancidity

ACS Omega, 2021

The development of natural antioxidants that can mitigate oil oxidation is on the rise. Several a... more The development of natural antioxidants that can mitigate oil oxidation is on the rise. Several antioxidants have been developed from natural terrestrial plants, with less emphasis on marine algae. Rancidity is a major degradative reaction limiting the shelf-life and deteriorating the quality of vegetable oils. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Jania rubens' (J. rubens) seaweed extract encapsulated by chitosan/tripolyphosphate in retarding lipids' oxidation in vegetable oils. To improve the J. rubens efficacy, the extract was nanoencapsulated using the ionic gelation method. A Box−Behnken design was applied for the optimization of the formulation variables (chitosan/tripolyphosphate amounts, homogenization time, and homogenization speed). The optimum nanoformulation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. It had a particle size of 161 nm, zeta potential of 31.2 mV, polydispersity index of 0.211, and entrapment efficiency of 99.7%. The ability of the optimum formula to extend the shelf-life of vegetable oils was based on peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid assays. In addition, headspace solid-phase microextraction was applied to detect the oils' volatiles as secondary markers of rancidity. The results revealed that the nanoencapsulated algal extract considerably reduced the rate of oils' oxidation and that its activity was comparable to that of a widely used synthetic antioxidant.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical diversity and pharmacological effects of triterpenes from genus Ziziphus: a comprehensive review

Phytochemistry Reviews, Sep 16, 2022

The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edibl... more The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edible fruits due to its diverse phytochemicals. The genus is grown in several world locations to encompass mainly Z. jujuba, Z. xylopyrus, Z. spina-christi, Z. lotus, Z. mauritiana, Z. celata, etc. Folk medicinal uses reported in genus Ziziphus include treating headaches, obesity, common colds, diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Scientific reports published till 2022 on Ziziphus phytochemistry and biological activities are discussed in this review, emphasizing the last 10 years to include a variety of phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Terpenoids and saponins are ubiquitous in the genus Ziziphus, and to account for many of its health benefits. Consequently, this study focused on these two phytoconstituent classes never reviewed before in literature. Reported effects for Ziziphus triterpenes included antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Ziziphus species, with recapitulation on triterpenoids/ saponins for utilization as therapeutic agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Gingerols and shogaols: A multi-faceted review of their extraction, formulation, and analysis in drugs and biofluids to maximize their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications

Research paper thumbnail of Enzyme Immobilization Technologies and Industrial Applications

Research paper thumbnail of Role of green chemistry in sustainable corrosion inhibition: a review on recent developments

Materials Today Sustainability

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria

Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2020

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in th... more Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, flavones, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review article summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory studies.

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption of dark colored compounds from guava juice by activated carbon

The adsorption of dark colored compounds from browned Guava juice by activated carbon was studied... more The adsorption of dark colored compounds from browned Guava juice by activated carbon was studied at 25°C and 50°C. Concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm. The determined adsorption isotherms correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Frumkin models. The Frumkin isotherm provided the best correlation denoting the existence of lateral interactions between the adsorbed species. Five adsorption kinetic models were evaluated: Pseudo 1 st order, Pseudo 2 nd order, Modified Freundlich, Pore Diffusion and Elovich models. The adsorption kinetics were well described with the Modified Freundlich, Pore Diffusion and Elovich models revealing that intraparticle diffusion and chemisorption were involved in the adsorption process.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanoencapsulated Extract of a Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Species as a Promising Source of Natural Antioxidants

ACS Omega, 2022

Marine seaweed species represent an important source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidan... more Marine seaweed species represent an important source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant activity. This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacity of the Jania rubens algal extract by means of two antioxidant assays, i.e., 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The seaweeds' total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assayed as markers of antioxidant activity. To identify active agents responsible for the antioxidant activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for comprehensive metabolites characterization. To enhance the Jania rubens efficacy, the extract was nanoencapsulated using an ionic gelation method by means of high-pressure homogenization. The optimum nanoformulation had a particle size of 161 nm, a ζ potential of 31.2 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.211, and entrapment efficiency of 99.7%. The in vitro phytochemicals' release profiles of Jania rubens chitosan nanoparticles in comparison to the concentration of the raw algal extract were studied by the dialysis bag diffusion method revealing that the extract was released in a controlled pattern. The results indicated the potential advantages of the encapsulated Jania rubens extract, with its potent antioxidant activity, for use in different applications where sustained release is useful.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective Action of Jania rubens Nanoencapsulated Algal Extract in Controlling Vegetable Oils’ Rancidity

ACS Omega, 2021

The development of natural antioxidants that can mitigate oil oxidation is on the rise. Several a... more The development of natural antioxidants that can mitigate oil oxidation is on the rise. Several antioxidants have been developed from natural terrestrial plants, with less emphasis on marine algae. Rancidity is a major degradative reaction limiting the shelf-life and deteriorating the quality of vegetable oils. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Jania rubens' (J. rubens) seaweed extract encapsulated by chitosan/tripolyphosphate in retarding lipids' oxidation in vegetable oils. To improve the J. rubens efficacy, the extract was nanoencapsulated using the ionic gelation method. A Box−Behnken design was applied for the optimization of the formulation variables (chitosan/tripolyphosphate amounts, homogenization time, and homogenization speed). The optimum nanoformulation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. It had a particle size of 161 nm, zeta potential of 31.2 mV, polydispersity index of 0.211, and entrapment efficiency of 99.7%. The ability of the optimum formula to extend the shelf-life of vegetable oils was based on peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid assays. In addition, headspace solid-phase microextraction was applied to detect the oils' volatiles as secondary markers of rancidity. The results revealed that the nanoencapsulated algal extract considerably reduced the rate of oils' oxidation and that its activity was comparable to that of a widely used synthetic antioxidant.