zewdu asrat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by zewdu asrat
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, Feb 1, 2021
Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO... more Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO2 concentration, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level, while the increase in the frequency of drought is very probable but not as certain. Even though climate change is one of the major current global concerns, it is not new. Several climate Changes have occurred before, with dramatic consequences in history. Plant breeding is the activity of developing diverse plant varieties that can contribute usefully to cropping and production systems. These breeding efforts are directed at plant improvement. But 'improvement' is a subjective and relative goal and it is useful to regularly break up plant breeding objectives and procedures into clearly defined and manageable units. Owing to the imperatives of food security, plant breeding must combine the objective of ecological intensification with that of adaptation to overall societal and global changes.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences
The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest and best-known cultivated fruit trees... more The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest and best-known cultivated fruit trees. The fruit is composed of very nutritive minerals like potassium, calcium, iron, chlorine, phosphorus, and magnesium. The tree can withstand relatively harsh climate and soil conditions, which no other crop can match. In Ethiopia, date palm is cultivated and/or wildly grown in the Afar, Dire Dawa, Somali, Gambella and Benishangul Gumuz regions. However, the yields of local cultivars are too low to meet the sharply increasing demand. Thus, research has been conducted to evaluate and register the best-performing, desirable yield and quality of introduced improved varieties. Fourteen (14) tissue-cultured introduced materials from England and Israel were planted at 10m x 10m spacing between rows and plants over three locations, viz., Werer Agricultural Research Center (WARC), Assiyta, and Afambo districts. Two varieties (Barhee and Medjool), early fruiting types, were individually evaluated out of 12 varieties on the basis of fruit yield for two years at WARC, while vegetative parameters were taken from the other locations. The study revealed that Barhee and Medjool were superior to the remaining date palm varieties. The annual yield advantage of Barhee (68.39 kg tree-1) over Medjool (50.87 kg tree-1) was 34.44%. The high offshoot production potential of Barhee and Medjool varieties could reduce the purchase of imported tissue-cultured date palms by the country as well as individuals. In conclusion, the newly released varieties Barhee and Medjool could be cultivated profitably and sustainably for commercial cultivation in the low land areas of the Afar regional state and other similar agro-ecology, and could also increase the income of smallholder farmers and agro-pastoralists.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2021
Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO... more Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO2 concentration, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level, while the increase in the frequency of drought is very probable but not as certain. Even though climate change is one of the major current global concerns, it is not new. Several climate Changes have occurred before, with dramatic consequences in history. Plant breeding is the activity of developing diverse plant varieties that can contribute usefully to cropping and production systems. These breeding efforts are directed at plant improvement. But 'improvement' is a subjective and relative goal and it is useful to regularly break up plant breeding objectives and procedures into clearly defined and manageable units. Owing to the imperatives of food security, plant breeding must combine the objective of ecological intensification with that of adaptation to overall societal and global changes.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of th... more Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of the country including Ethiopia. Understanding the level of drought tolerance of the varieties available in each country is of paramount importance for breeding common bean for drought adaptation. However, the production of common bean is mainly limited due to lack of high yielding potential varieties and frequent and recurrent drought. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and identify the superior performance and genetic potential of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits against drought. A total of 10 recently released improved common bean varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The information generated on the drought tolerance of the available varieties should help in the design of a breeding strategy that incorporates adaptation traits with commercial characteristics preferred by common bean farmers for varieties to be grown in diverse environments. The combined analyses of variance revealed the presence of tremendous genetic variation among improved common bean varieties for all the studied traits except plant height and stand count at harvest, which implies the availability of substantial genetic variation among varieties. Overall, SER-125, SER-19 and Nasir common bean varieties had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. The maximum grain yield was obtained from SER-125 (2620 kgha-1) followed SER-19 (2612 kgha-1) and Nasir (2583.33 kgha-1) common bean varieties and identified as the superior improved common bean varieties. Eventually, the effect of varieties on grain yield was significant and the best performing varieties of common bean would be recommended for the specific community and its vicinity even though further study should be carried out including a number of recently released varieties for improved common bean production in the target area and also to put the recommendation on strong basis. Therefore, based on the results of this adaptation experiment, SER-125, SER-19 and Nasir were recommended for production and adoption at Mieso and other similar environments.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
This review provides a description of major sequencing technologies that are developed through time.
![Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Yield and Yield Related Performance of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Varieties at West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115097372/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Cowpea is an important legume crop growing across the world mainly in tropical and subtropical re... more Cowpea is an important legume crop growing across the world mainly in tropical and subtropical regions including Ethiopia. However, the production and adoption of cowpea at the study area is mainly constrained by drought and lack of high yielding varieties. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to identify promising and better yielding improved cowpea varieties for drought tolerance related traits. A total of six improved cowpea varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The study identified the superior performing cowpea varieties for different studied traits. The combined analyses of variance revealed the presence of tremendous genetic variation among improved cowpea varieties for all the studied traits, which implies the availability of substantial genetic variation among varieties. Overall, White Wonder and Black Eyebean had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. White Wonder (1524.66 kgha-1) and Black Eyebean (1235.69 kgha-1) varieties recorded the highest grain yield and identified as the superior improved cowpea varieties. Therefore, based on the results of adaptation experiment, White Wonder and Black Eyebean were recommended for production and adoption at Mieso and other similar environments.
Participatory variety selection is the most important breeding program which enhanced adoption of... more Participatory variety selection is the most important breeding program which enhanced adoption of suitable improved varieties in order to address the needs of a broader range of users and to enhance farmer skills in variety selection and seed production efforts. It plays significant role in collaboration between breeders, farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers. It also allows farmers to take part in the development of new varieties more suitable to marginal environments and to organic farming agronomic practices. Several different improved sorghum varieties are released at different international and national research institutions in different times, however the technologies were not properly addressed the farmers based on participatory, client oriented and demand driven. Therefore, the experiment was conducted in Eastern part of Ethiopia of Oromia regional state to evaluate the performance of improved sorghum varieties and to identify farmers' preference traits through continuous performance evaluation at different stages of the crop. Five sorghum varieties along with local check collected from study area were evaluated in randomized complete block design in 2019 main cropping season. Farmers' evaluation was made at two different stages of the crop, namely at flowering and maturity using both direct-matrix and pair-wise ranking methods of selection scheme. Farmers' set; grain yield, disease resistance, grain color and seed size as selection criteria to evaluate and identify their preferred varieties. The results of analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant differences among varieties for all traits measured except plant height at 5% probability level. The highest mean grain yield was obtained from the variety Dibaba (11325 Kgha-1) and Jiru (10200 Kgha-1) respectively. Grain yield had positive and highly significantly correlated with thousand seed weight (0.95**) and also positively and significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering (0.85*). Likewise, based on the overall farmer's preference (from both pair-wise and direct matrix ranking evaluations), Dibaba and Jiru were ranked first and second and followed by Adelle, ETS2752 and Chiro respectively. Thus, the varieties Dibaba and Jiru were chosen for their performance in the field and from farmers' evaluation perspective. Moreover, this study indicated participatory varietal selection is a viable method to gain greater insight into farmers' perceptions, preferences, merits and shortcomings of sorghum varieties. Therefore, based on the results of this study, Dibaba and Jiru are recommended for multiplication and distribution to farmers through both formal and informal seed systems. Generally, the integration of plant breeders and farmer's perception used to increase the adoption rate and design a good breeding program for future improvement.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2021
Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of th... more Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of the country including Ethiopia. Understanding the level of drought tolerance of the varieties available in each country is of paramount importance for breeding common bean for drought adaptation. However, the production of common bean is mainly limited due to lack of high yielding potential varieties and frequent and recurrent drought. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and identify the superior performance and genetic potential of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits against drought. A total of 10 recently released improved common bean varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The information generated on the drought tolerance of the available varieties should help in the design of a breeding strategy that incorporates adaptation traits with co...
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, Feb 1, 2021
Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO... more Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO2 concentration, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level, while the increase in the frequency of drought is very probable but not as certain. Even though climate change is one of the major current global concerns, it is not new. Several climate Changes have occurred before, with dramatic consequences in history. Plant breeding is the activity of developing diverse plant varieties that can contribute usefully to cropping and production systems. These breeding efforts are directed at plant improvement. But 'improvement' is a subjective and relative goal and it is useful to regularly break up plant breeding objectives and procedures into clearly defined and manageable units. Owing to the imperatives of food security, plant breeding must combine the objective of ecological intensification with that of adaptation to overall societal and global changes.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences
The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest and best-known cultivated fruit trees... more The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest and best-known cultivated fruit trees. The fruit is composed of very nutritive minerals like potassium, calcium, iron, chlorine, phosphorus, and magnesium. The tree can withstand relatively harsh climate and soil conditions, which no other crop can match. In Ethiopia, date palm is cultivated and/or wildly grown in the Afar, Dire Dawa, Somali, Gambella and Benishangul Gumuz regions. However, the yields of local cultivars are too low to meet the sharply increasing demand. Thus, research has been conducted to evaluate and register the best-performing, desirable yield and quality of introduced improved varieties. Fourteen (14) tissue-cultured introduced materials from England and Israel were planted at 10m x 10m spacing between rows and plants over three locations, viz., Werer Agricultural Research Center (WARC), Assiyta, and Afambo districts. Two varieties (Barhee and Medjool), early fruiting types, were individually evaluated out of 12 varieties on the basis of fruit yield for two years at WARC, while vegetative parameters were taken from the other locations. The study revealed that Barhee and Medjool were superior to the remaining date palm varieties. The annual yield advantage of Barhee (68.39 kg tree-1) over Medjool (50.87 kg tree-1) was 34.44%. The high offshoot production potential of Barhee and Medjool varieties could reduce the purchase of imported tissue-cultured date palms by the country as well as individuals. In conclusion, the newly released varieties Barhee and Medjool could be cultivated profitably and sustainably for commercial cultivation in the low land areas of the Afar regional state and other similar agro-ecology, and could also increase the income of smallholder farmers and agro-pastoralists.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2021
Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO... more Climate change is now unequivocal, particularly in terms of increasing temperature, increasing CO2 concentration, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level, while the increase in the frequency of drought is very probable but not as certain. Even though climate change is one of the major current global concerns, it is not new. Several climate Changes have occurred before, with dramatic consequences in history. Plant breeding is the activity of developing diverse plant varieties that can contribute usefully to cropping and production systems. These breeding efforts are directed at plant improvement. But 'improvement' is a subjective and relative goal and it is useful to regularly break up plant breeding objectives and procedures into clearly defined and manageable units. Owing to the imperatives of food security, plant breeding must combine the objective of ecological intensification with that of adaptation to overall societal and global changes.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of th... more Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of the country including Ethiopia. Understanding the level of drought tolerance of the varieties available in each country is of paramount importance for breeding common bean for drought adaptation. However, the production of common bean is mainly limited due to lack of high yielding potential varieties and frequent and recurrent drought. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and identify the superior performance and genetic potential of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits against drought. A total of 10 recently released improved common bean varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The information generated on the drought tolerance of the available varieties should help in the design of a breeding strategy that incorporates adaptation traits with commercial characteristics preferred by common bean farmers for varieties to be grown in diverse environments. The combined analyses of variance revealed the presence of tremendous genetic variation among improved common bean varieties for all the studied traits except plant height and stand count at harvest, which implies the availability of substantial genetic variation among varieties. Overall, SER-125, SER-19 and Nasir common bean varieties had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. The maximum grain yield was obtained from SER-125 (2620 kgha-1) followed SER-19 (2612 kgha-1) and Nasir (2583.33 kgha-1) common bean varieties and identified as the superior improved common bean varieties. Eventually, the effect of varieties on grain yield was significant and the best performing varieties of common bean would be recommended for the specific community and its vicinity even though further study should be carried out including a number of recently released varieties for improved common bean production in the target area and also to put the recommendation on strong basis. Therefore, based on the results of this adaptation experiment, SER-125, SER-19 and Nasir were recommended for production and adoption at Mieso and other similar environments.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
This review provides a description of major sequencing technologies that are developed through time.
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Cowpea is an important legume crop growing across the world mainly in tropical and subtropical re... more Cowpea is an important legume crop growing across the world mainly in tropical and subtropical regions including Ethiopia. However, the production and adoption of cowpea at the study area is mainly constrained by drought and lack of high yielding varieties. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to identify promising and better yielding improved cowpea varieties for drought tolerance related traits. A total of six improved cowpea varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The study identified the superior performing cowpea varieties for different studied traits. The combined analyses of variance revealed the presence of tremendous genetic variation among improved cowpea varieties for all the studied traits, which implies the availability of substantial genetic variation among varieties. Overall, White Wonder and Black Eyebean had better performance compared to the other varieties for yield and the yield related traits. White Wonder (1524.66 kgha-1) and Black Eyebean (1235.69 kgha-1) varieties recorded the highest grain yield and identified as the superior improved cowpea varieties. Therefore, based on the results of adaptation experiment, White Wonder and Black Eyebean were recommended for production and adoption at Mieso and other similar environments.
Participatory variety selection is the most important breeding program which enhanced adoption of... more Participatory variety selection is the most important breeding program which enhanced adoption of suitable improved varieties in order to address the needs of a broader range of users and to enhance farmer skills in variety selection and seed production efforts. It plays significant role in collaboration between breeders, farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers. It also allows farmers to take part in the development of new varieties more suitable to marginal environments and to organic farming agronomic practices. Several different improved sorghum varieties are released at different international and national research institutions in different times, however the technologies were not properly addressed the farmers based on participatory, client oriented and demand driven. Therefore, the experiment was conducted in Eastern part of Ethiopia of Oromia regional state to evaluate the performance of improved sorghum varieties and to identify farmers' preference traits through continuous performance evaluation at different stages of the crop. Five sorghum varieties along with local check collected from study area were evaluated in randomized complete block design in 2019 main cropping season. Farmers' evaluation was made at two different stages of the crop, namely at flowering and maturity using both direct-matrix and pair-wise ranking methods of selection scheme. Farmers' set; grain yield, disease resistance, grain color and seed size as selection criteria to evaluate and identify their preferred varieties. The results of analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant differences among varieties for all traits measured except plant height at 5% probability level. The highest mean grain yield was obtained from the variety Dibaba (11325 Kgha-1) and Jiru (10200 Kgha-1) respectively. Grain yield had positive and highly significantly correlated with thousand seed weight (0.95**) and also positively and significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering (0.85*). Likewise, based on the overall farmer's preference (from both pair-wise and direct matrix ranking evaluations), Dibaba and Jiru were ranked first and second and followed by Adelle, ETS2752 and Chiro respectively. Thus, the varieties Dibaba and Jiru were chosen for their performance in the field and from farmers' evaluation perspective. Moreover, this study indicated participatory varietal selection is a viable method to gain greater insight into farmers' perceptions, preferences, merits and shortcomings of sorghum varieties. Therefore, based on the results of this study, Dibaba and Jiru are recommended for multiplication and distribution to farmers through both formal and informal seed systems. Generally, the integration of plant breeders and farmer's perception used to increase the adoption rate and design a good breeding program for future improvement.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2021
Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of th... more Common bean is playing a crucial role across the world mainly in the warm and lowland areas of the country including Ethiopia. Understanding the level of drought tolerance of the varieties available in each country is of paramount importance for breeding common bean for drought adaptation. However, the production of common bean is mainly limited due to lack of high yielding potential varieties and frequent and recurrent drought. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and identify the superior performance and genetic potential of improved common bean varieties for yield and yield related traits against drought. A total of 10 recently released improved common bean varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Mieso during the main cropping season of 2018 and 2019. The information generated on the drought tolerance of the available varieties should help in the design of a breeding strategy that incorporates adaptation traits with co...