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The breakdown of the apartheid system and the dramatic political changes that have occurred in So... more The breakdown of the apartheid system and the dramatic political changes that have occurred in South Africa have led to policy reform in many areas. The reform of the vocational education and training system is an important part of the broad process of social and institutional change. After a five year research process into reforming South Africa's national system of vocational training, the Skills Development Act 1998 was introduced, as well as the Skills Development Levies Act 1999. The Skills Development Act is comprehensive in its coverage of in-service and pre-service training, broadening apprenticeships and dual training systems, linking training with work experience. The implementation of a National Qualification Framework (NQF) and expansion of the role of Industrial Training Boards (ITBs) through the development of Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETA) organisations is discussed. The design of a new financing mechanism has proven the most contentious policy change, with opposition within the business community to a national training levy and the failure to agree on a national coordinating mechanism. The author concludes that while South Africa should be applauded for its comprehensive and participatory approach to training reform, the screening out of employers and labour representatives from the system of governance is a risk-prone strategy, which could result in long-term problems. This paper outlines the main elements of the new policies, in context with current economic and labour market developments. Particular emphasis is placed on the reform process itself, as some aspects of the reform process are likely to provide key lessons for other countries in the region.
Prometheus
Digital sharing of research data is becoming an important research integrity norm. Data sharing i... more Digital sharing of research data is becoming an important research integrity norm. Data sharing is promoted in different avenues, one being the scholarly publication process: journals serve as gatekeepers, recommending or mandating data sharing as a condition for publication. While there is now a sizeable corpus of research assessing the pervasiveness and efficacy of journal data sharing policies in various disciplines, available research is largely piecemeal and mitigates against meaningful comparisons across disciplines. A major contribution of the present research is that it makes direct across-discipline comparisons employing a common methodology. The paper opens with a discussion of the arguments aired in favour and against data sharing (with an emphasis on ethical issues, which stand behind these policies). The websites of 150 journals, drawn from 15 disciplines, were examined for information on data sharing. The results consolidate the notion of the primacy of biomedical scie...
Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research d... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper shou...
Higher Education Policy, 2016
Manpower Training, 1978
Essentially, evaluative studies of training programmes attempt to supply an answer to the questio... more Essentially, evaluative studies of training programmes attempt to supply an answer to the question: Have the economic benefits emanating from the programme been sufficiently high to offset the costs involved? The particular form the appraisal takes, however, will differ according to the standpoint from which the training programme is viewed. We here discuss three major viewpoints: (1) the individual trainee; (2) the Government’s budget; and (3) the economy as a whole.
Most economists consider vocational education to be socially inefficient. Israel may prove them w... more Most economists consider vocational education to be socially inefficient. Israel may prove them wrong- particularly for students whose occupations are related to their course of study. The Policy, Planning, and Resa hConplexbdistdhutw PPR Wa ng Papas todisste the findmgs of wwki & gs nd to enaage the cxchange o idea among Dankstaff and all othen inteac mn devioiopm iaises Tbhea papn ry the nam s of the authos, reflect only their views, and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings. indtpretions, and cdlusios are the autboxe own. Tley should not be amibuied to theWorld Bank. its Board of Directos. its managemnt. or ny of its manberconnties. Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re
The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research ... more The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit
Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich a... more Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen der unter
International Journal of Manpower, 2014
Labor: Human Capital, 2003
This study examines the extent, duration and timing of employment breaks amongst a large represen... more This study examines the extent, duration and timing of employment breaks amongst a large representative sample of Jewish workers in Israel over the 13-year time period, 1983-1995. Work histories are constructed from a new joint database, unique in Israel, which was derived from a linkage of 1995 Population Census data with monthly employment records of the National Insurance Institute. The Paper focuses on gender differences in work history patterns and, within each gender, breakdowns are provided by ethnic origin, marital status, age and education level. While most of the results are both expected and compatible with current economic theories of household behavior, some of the findings of the study are less expected, particularly those relating to the considerable amount of intermittent employment found amongst Israeli male workers. Also, women's labor market attachment is stronger than is generally presumed. Gender differences in employment interruptions are greater for younge...
Given the growing demand for access to higher education, and the declining quality and available ... more Given the growing demand for access to higher education, and the declining quality and available resources from governments, many governments, particularly in developing countries, have attempted to increase student contributions. In many instances, however, governments have encountered problems increasing cost recovery without deterring access among lower income students. Despite clear economic and financial rationale, tuition increases can be difficult to implement because of the inability of many students (and their parents) to pay fees out of current income. Many economists have advocated student loan programs as a means to increase private contributions while also preserving access. This paper analyzes the experience of existing loan programs, particularly in developing countries, in order to understand their role in fostering cost recovery. Currently, loan programs exist in over 50 developing and industrial countries, and have most commonly been introduced to assist students t...
... means greater regional access to higher education, necessitating the construction and staffin... more ... means greater regional access to higher education, necessitating the construction and staffing ... increased concern about educational quality and equity, the financial challenges seem overwhelming ... Financing Universities in Developing Countries is a response to these questions ...
C'est sur le marche de l'emploi que l'on compte de plus en plus, un peu partout, pour... more C'est sur le marche de l'emploi que l'on compte de plus en plus, un peu partout, pour entrainer la croissance economique. La planification de la main-d'oeuvre n'aurait-elle plus de raison d'etre ? Elle restera necessaire, mais son role va se trouver profondement modifie, comme ses methodes. En economie de marche, on attend d'elle qu'elle fournisse les donnees necessaires pour guider les decisions privees en matiere de formation, ameliorer la gestion des systemes de formation, deceler les blocages du marche de l'emploi et determiner de facon rationnelle les investissements publics a effectuer dans ce domaine. Tournant le dos a la technique de prevision des besoins de main-d'oeuvre, les AA. proposent une methode qui tient compte du dynamisme de l'economie de marche et qui repose sur l'analyse des « signaux » emis par le marche de l'emploi, c'est-a-dire sur le suivi du mouvement des salaires et de l'emploi et sur l'evoluti...
The breakdown of the apartheid system and the dramatic political changes that have occurred in So... more The breakdown of the apartheid system and the dramatic political changes that have occurred in South Africa have led to policy reform in many areas. The reform of the vocational education and training system is an important part of the broad process of social and institutional change. After a five year research process into reforming South Africa's national system of vocational training, the Skills Development Act 1998 was introduced, as well as the Skills Development Levies Act 1999. The Skills Development Act is comprehensive in its coverage of in-service and pre-service training, broadening apprenticeships and dual training systems, linking training with work experience. The implementation of a National Qualification Framework (NQF) and expansion of the role of Industrial Training Boards (ITBs) through the development of Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETA) organisations is discussed. The design of a new financing mechanism has proven the most contentious policy change, with opposition within the business community to a national training levy and the failure to agree on a national coordinating mechanism. The author concludes that while South Africa should be applauded for its comprehensive and participatory approach to training reform, the screening out of employers and labour representatives from the system of governance is a risk-prone strategy, which could result in long-term problems. This paper outlines the main elements of the new policies, in context with current economic and labour market developments. Particular emphasis is placed on the reform process itself, as some aspects of the reform process are likely to provide key lessons for other countries in the region.
Prometheus
Digital sharing of research data is becoming an important research integrity norm. Data sharing i... more Digital sharing of research data is becoming an important research integrity norm. Data sharing is promoted in different avenues, one being the scholarly publication process: journals serve as gatekeepers, recommending or mandating data sharing as a condition for publication. While there is now a sizeable corpus of research assessing the pervasiveness and efficacy of journal data sharing policies in various disciplines, available research is largely piecemeal and mitigates against meaningful comparisons across disciplines. A major contribution of the present research is that it makes direct across-discipline comparisons employing a common methodology. The paper opens with a discussion of the arguments aired in favour and against data sharing (with an emphasis on ethical issues, which stand behind these policies). The websites of 150 journals, drawn from 15 disciplines, were examined for information on data sharing. The results consolidate the notion of the primacy of biomedical scie...
Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research d... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper shou...
Higher Education Policy, 2016
Manpower Training, 1978
Essentially, evaluative studies of training programmes attempt to supply an answer to the questio... more Essentially, evaluative studies of training programmes attempt to supply an answer to the question: Have the economic benefits emanating from the programme been sufficiently high to offset the costs involved? The particular form the appraisal takes, however, will differ according to the standpoint from which the training programme is viewed. We here discuss three major viewpoints: (1) the individual trainee; (2) the Government’s budget; and (3) the economy as a whole.
Most economists consider vocational education to be socially inefficient. Israel may prove them w... more Most economists consider vocational education to be socially inefficient. Israel may prove them wrong- particularly for students whose occupations are related to their course of study. The Policy, Planning, and Resa hConplexbdistdhutw PPR Wa ng Papas todisste the findmgs of wwki & gs nd to enaage the cxchange o idea among Dankstaff and all othen inteac mn devioiopm iaises Tbhea papn ry the nam s of the authos, reflect only their views, and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings. indtpretions, and cdlusios are the autboxe own. Tley should not be amibuied to theWorld Bank. its Board of Directos. its managemnt. or ny of its manberconnties. Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re
The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research ... more The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit
Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich a... more Die ZBW räumt Ihnen als Nutzerin/Nutzer das unentgeltliche, räumlich unbeschränkte und zeitlich auf die Dauer des Schutzrechts beschränkte einfache Recht ein, das ausgewählte Werk im Rahmen der unter
International Journal of Manpower, 2014
Labor: Human Capital, 2003
This study examines the extent, duration and timing of employment breaks amongst a large represen... more This study examines the extent, duration and timing of employment breaks amongst a large representative sample of Jewish workers in Israel over the 13-year time period, 1983-1995. Work histories are constructed from a new joint database, unique in Israel, which was derived from a linkage of 1995 Population Census data with monthly employment records of the National Insurance Institute. The Paper focuses on gender differences in work history patterns and, within each gender, breakdowns are provided by ethnic origin, marital status, age and education level. While most of the results are both expected and compatible with current economic theories of household behavior, some of the findings of the study are less expected, particularly those relating to the considerable amount of intermittent employment found amongst Israeli male workers. Also, women's labor market attachment is stronger than is generally presumed. Gender differences in employment interruptions are greater for younge...
Given the growing demand for access to higher education, and the declining quality and available ... more Given the growing demand for access to higher education, and the declining quality and available resources from governments, many governments, particularly in developing countries, have attempted to increase student contributions. In many instances, however, governments have encountered problems increasing cost recovery without deterring access among lower income students. Despite clear economic and financial rationale, tuition increases can be difficult to implement because of the inability of many students (and their parents) to pay fees out of current income. Many economists have advocated student loan programs as a means to increase private contributions while also preserving access. This paper analyzes the experience of existing loan programs, particularly in developing countries, in order to understand their role in fostering cost recovery. Currently, loan programs exist in over 50 developing and industrial countries, and have most commonly been introduced to assist students t...
... means greater regional access to higher education, necessitating the construction and staffin... more ... means greater regional access to higher education, necessitating the construction and staffing ... increased concern about educational quality and equity, the financial challenges seem overwhelming ... Financing Universities in Developing Countries is a response to these questions ...
C'est sur le marche de l'emploi que l'on compte de plus en plus, un peu partout, pour... more C'est sur le marche de l'emploi que l'on compte de plus en plus, un peu partout, pour entrainer la croissance economique. La planification de la main-d'oeuvre n'aurait-elle plus de raison d'etre ? Elle restera necessaire, mais son role va se trouver profondement modifie, comme ses methodes. En economie de marche, on attend d'elle qu'elle fournisse les donnees necessaires pour guider les decisions privees en matiere de formation, ameliorer la gestion des systemes de formation, deceler les blocages du marche de l'emploi et determiner de facon rationnelle les investissements publics a effectuer dans ce domaine. Tournant le dos a la technique de prevision des besoins de main-d'oeuvre, les AA. proposent une methode qui tient compte du dynamisme de l'economie de marche et qui repose sur l'analyse des « signaux » emis par le marche de l'emploi, c'est-a-dire sur le suivi du mouvement des salaires et de l'emploi et sur l'evoluti...