zina khafaji - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by zina khafaji
The research paper was inspired by a true story that depends on two women who suffered from traff... more The research paper was inspired by a true story that depends on two women who suffered from trafficking. To sum up, the paper discusses the factors and risks of trafficking, specifically women. Trafficking of women is a horrible crime; it needs to put an end to women's suffering. Two examples of females from the book "Two Kyrgyz Women", had been exposed to many risks. They were beaten, threatened, and raped. The aim of the paper is to discuss that if the factors that aided women to be trafficked were treated from the early beginning, there would be no trafficking women. Those factors are many such as:-cheated by promising jobs, unstable political conditions, social and cultural practices that devalue women in their society, gender roles in society that shows society prefers boys more than girls, and the misconception of social norms. But in fact, those factors are not determined and banned with the help of Kyrgyz society, on the contrary, the society itself is the main factor that encourages women to leave their country for the sake of living. On the other hand, male partner does not take any part for supporting women; this is going to be discussed and proved in the coming pages.
" Amongst men, forgiveness can only mean: to give up vengeance, to keep quiet and do as if nothin... more " Amongst men, forgiveness can only mean: to give up vengeance, to keep quiet and do as if nothing happened, which means: to walk away by principle, while vengeance will always remain with the other and does not put an end to the relationship. … Reconciliation , on the other hand, originates in the acceptance of what befalls us. … Whoever reconciles with the other just accepts to carry on his shoulder the burden that, anyhow, weighs on the other. This means that it re-establishes equality. This is why reconciliation is the exact opposite of forgiveness which establishes inequality. " (Hannah Arendt cited in Maggiori, 2005, section entitled Un ange passé, para. 2). In the past decade there has been an increasing focus on forgiveness and reconciliation in societies coming out of conflict. The concepts were previously the domain of philosophers and theologians but have become integrally linked to questions of political transition. Hayner (2001) pointed out, specifically with debates about truth commissions, that there has been a shift from focusing on the investigative aspects of the truth-telling process and cataloging human rights abuses to considering their social impact. Issues such as healing, reconciliation, apology, acknowledgment , and forgiveness (to a lesser degree) have become central to the transitional justice debate. Consequently, as the articles in this issue indicate, the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation have fallen under the academic microscope. That said, the articles also demonstrate that dealing with and trying to understand the social, political , and psychological relevance of forgiveness and reconciliation in societies coming out of conflict is a complex and difficult subject that raises many questions. This brief response to the articles in this issue addresses four such questions: (a) Why are questions of forgiveness and reconciliation being posed now in political transition processes? (b) Is intergroup forgiveness possible? (c) How do recon
The research paper was inspired by a true story that depends on two women who suffered from traff... more The research paper was inspired by a true story that depends on two women who suffered from trafficking. To sum up, the paper discusses the factors and risks of trafficking, specifically women. Trafficking of women is a horrible crime; it needs to put an end to women's suffering. Two examples of females from the book "Two Kyrgyz Women", had been exposed to many risks. They were beaten, threatened, and raped. The aim of the paper is to discuss that if the factors that aided women to be trafficked were treated from the early beginning, there would be no trafficking women. Those factors are many such as:-cheated by promising jobs, unstable political conditions, social and cultural practices that devalue women in their society, gender roles in society that shows society prefers boys more than girls, and the misconception of social norms. But in fact, those factors are not determined and banned with the help of Kyrgyz society, on the contrary, the society itself is the main factor that encourages women to leave their country for the sake of living. On the other hand, male partner does not take any part for supporting women; this is going to be discussed and proved in the coming pages.
" Amongst men, forgiveness can only mean: to give up vengeance, to keep quiet and do as if nothin... more " Amongst men, forgiveness can only mean: to give up vengeance, to keep quiet and do as if nothing happened, which means: to walk away by principle, while vengeance will always remain with the other and does not put an end to the relationship. … Reconciliation , on the other hand, originates in the acceptance of what befalls us. … Whoever reconciles with the other just accepts to carry on his shoulder the burden that, anyhow, weighs on the other. This means that it re-establishes equality. This is why reconciliation is the exact opposite of forgiveness which establishes inequality. " (Hannah Arendt cited in Maggiori, 2005, section entitled Un ange passé, para. 2). In the past decade there has been an increasing focus on forgiveness and reconciliation in societies coming out of conflict. The concepts were previously the domain of philosophers and theologians but have become integrally linked to questions of political transition. Hayner (2001) pointed out, specifically with debates about truth commissions, that there has been a shift from focusing on the investigative aspects of the truth-telling process and cataloging human rights abuses to considering their social impact. Issues such as healing, reconciliation, apology, acknowledgment , and forgiveness (to a lesser degree) have become central to the transitional justice debate. Consequently, as the articles in this issue indicate, the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation have fallen under the academic microscope. That said, the articles also demonstrate that dealing with and trying to understand the social, political , and psychological relevance of forgiveness and reconciliation in societies coming out of conflict is a complex and difficult subject that raises many questions. This brief response to the articles in this issue addresses four such questions: (a) Why are questions of forgiveness and reconciliation being posed now in political transition processes? (b) Is intergroup forgiveness possible? (c) How do recon