zulkefli selamat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by zulkefli selamat
ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017
The project aims to analyze the failure of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates and investiga... more The project aims to analyze the failure of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates and investigates failure behavior of glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid composite with the numerical and experimental approach. Finite element simulation using ANSYS v15 is used to determine the first ply failure (FPF) and last ply failure (LPF) loads. The hybrid effect to glass-graphite/epoxy will be replicated and analyzed using with a various angle of fiber orientation (θ = 0°, 45° and 90°) subjected to the uniaxial tensile test. Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria are employed to determine the failure load (failure index = 1). In numerical approach, failure behavior of the two different composite laminates has been analyzed. The failure curves (FPF and LPF) for both theories (Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu) are plotted and found to be close to each other. Therefore, from the preliminary outcome, it can be concluded that the current study is useful to the failure behavior of composite l...
The natural fibre plays an important role in developing biodegradable FRP to resolve the current ... more The natural fibre plays an important role in developing biodegradable FRP to resolve the current ecological and environmental problems. The utilization of bamboo fibres (BF) as reinforcement in FRP composite materials has increased tremendously and this has undergone a high-tech revolution in recent years as a response to the increasing demand for developing biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. Therefore, in this study, BF was used as a reinforcing material in a polymer matrix that is polypropylene (PP). This research studies the effects of BF length (4, 3 and 2 cm) and BF loading on the mechanical properties of BF/PP composite. Various ratios of BF/PP composite were analyzed and the ratios of composition in the BF/PP composite was fixed at 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. An alkaline treatment was conducted to extract thin bamboo fibre bundles and enhance the BF properties before the formation process of BF/PP composite using hot press. The mechanical properties of BF/PP co...
Composite material is gaining a large attention in these few years due to its high strength to we... more Composite material is gaining a large attention in these few years due to its high strength to weight ratio. The cost of composite is also relatively lower than conventional metallic alloy. Several previous studies had shown introducing of synthetic fibre in the natural fibre-based composite polymer can enhance the mechanical strength of the composite structure. This research paper studies the effect of temperature and preload moment on the bearing strength of woven kenaf-glass fibre reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite. The kenaf fibre and E-glass fibre are in the form of plain weave fabric. Composite specimens were manufactured through hot press moulding compression method at 180oC. In bolted joint test, specimens were exposed to a temperature of 25oC (room temperature), 40oC, 50oC, and 60oC and tightened with 0Nm, 5.2Nm and 7.5Nm preload moment. Bearing response under different conditions was tested according to ASTM D5961 standard procedure and failure modes were observed. ...
In this study, glass fiber and kenaf reinforced thermoplastic hybrid composite were fabricated us... more In this study, glass fiber and kenaf reinforced thermoplastic hybrid composite were fabricated using compression method. The composite is layout in sandwich structure. Woven glass fiber is sandwiched in between woven kenaf fiber with polypropylene matrix. The nominal thickness of the composite is 3mm. Bolted joint test was conducted according to ASTM D5961 using Universal testing machine. The results confirm geometric parameters affect the failure mode.
Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventiona... more Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventional material. It had been used in automotive and aircraft sector since many years ago due to its lightweight and low cost properties. Previous study had shown FML had excellent fatigue crack resistance characteristic compared to metallic alloy. This study shows the effects of different composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre on the fatigue life behaviour, hardness properties and mass of FML. FML was manufactured based on randomly oriented short OPEFB fibre and annealed aluminium alloy 6061. The FML panels were formed by bonding aluminium layers to composite by using the hot press compression moulding method with picture frame mould. Static test was conducted prior to fatigue test at quasi-static manner. The fatigue life of monolithic aluminium was investigated and set as a benchmark. The fatigue test was conducted at load levels of 80 to 95% of ultimate tensile strength usi...
Pineapple Leaf Fibers, 2020
The environmental issue becomes the central topic in the discussion for the last decade. Scientif... more The environmental issue becomes the central topic in the discussion for the last decade. Scientific works to overcome the problems are thus progressing including finding the alternative natural materials to replace the conventional synthetic ones. This chapter discusses the use of natural fibers extracted from pineapple leaf as natural acoustic absorber. The preparation for absorber samples is discussed, and the effects of fiber density, sample thickness, and introduction of backed air gap were measured using normal field incidence method in an impedance tube. The measured results reveal that the pineapple fibers can have good sound absorption above 500 Hz for thickness of 30 mm and density of 117 kg/m3. Almost the same performance can be achieved for thickness of 20 mm by introducing backed air gap of 20 mm. The effect of the quarter-wavelength with the presence of backed air gap can be clearly observed where this can be used as the design guide to determine the required thickness of the absorber.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
This present paper is aims to study the influence of cold rolling process on the microstructure a... more This present paper is aims to study the influence of cold rolling process on the microstructure and corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel using potentiodynamics polarization testing techniques. The steel with initial thickness of 2.0 mm was unidirectional cold rolled to 10%, 30% and 50% reduction in thickness. The corrosion behaviors of the cold rolled steels were evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as their simulated body fluids environment. The pH and temperature of the solution was maintained at 7.31 and 37°C and took approximately 5 hours for each individual test. The microstructure observations of the steels were studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the cold rolling process has modified the microstructure of 316L stainless steel by producing extensive surface defects. The microstructure modifications of the cold-rolled steel caused to enhance the corrosion resistance by lowering its corrosion rate to 23%...
Advanced Materials Research, 2013
Contruction concrete that use of insulation wall in building construction faces some problems suc... more Contruction concrete that use of insulation wall in building construction faces some problems such as having high weight, very reflective sound, heat transfer (the effectiveness of heat conductivity) incompetence and mechanical properties (strength) constraints. The sounds which impinge the wall cannot be absorbed efficiently but instead gives high reflection. This causes some noise of high echo in a room. So a good acoustic insulation must be efficient in absorbing the sound. This project proposes lightweight concrete as a replacement for insulation wall. This lightweight concrete will be developed using thermoplastic polymer waste which is recycled plastic bottles, sand, water, and cement. This research used thermoplastic polymer waste which is PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) material as the reinforcement material to replace small gravel in lightweight concrete. All its composition percentage of raw materials was divided into different samples composition. Its composition determi...
Procedia Engineering, 2013
In the present study, three-point bend impact experiments on AZ61 magnesium alloy were conducted ... more In the present study, three-point bend impact experiments on AZ61 magnesium alloy were conducted using an instrumented impact testing machine by Charpy V notch in accordance to ASTM E24.03.03. This test method is to determine dynamic fracture toughness at sharp crack for five different thickness of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm. A sharp fatigue pre-crack was initiated and propagated to half of specimen width at a constant crack propagation rate of about 1 x 10-8 m/cycle before the specimen was loaded by the impact force until the maximum force is reached and then rapid fracture occurred. The Charpy V notch test was conducted at an impact velocity of 3.85 m/s. The dynamics fracture toughness at sharp crack was determined from the force-displacement history of the load point obtained from measurements of input and reflected strain profiles on the incident specimen. The dynamic fracture toughness K d values obtained for different thicknesses showed that K d value decreased with increasing specimen thickness. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the micro and macro failure mechanism operation during the dynamic fracture event. In particular two micro-mechanisms of failure were of primary interest: (a) fatigue and rapid fracture surface and (b) the development of shear lips at the surface of the specimen follow by fracture.
Nowadays, there is an increase in research about renewable natural fiber as an alternative soluti... more Nowadays, there is an increase in research about renewable natural fiber as an alternative solutions in replacing synthetic fibers such as glass fiber as reinforced composites materials that are non – biodegradable and non – ecofriendly to the system. Natural fibers are also known for its low cost production yet have excellent mechanical properties and is environmental friendly. One of the natural fiber resource is pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) which is planted widely in Malaysia. From current research, PLF contains high cellulose and exhibits good mechanical properties especially from Josapine family. In this study, the PLF from Josapine is used as reinforced materials and starch (SH) is used as the binder. Additionally, the effects of PLF loading and PLF fiber length on the mechanical properties of PLF/SH composites is also analyzed. Compositions ratio of PLF/SH composites is fixed at 50/50, 60/40 and 70/30. The lengths of the fiber are fixed to 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm. Before the fabric...
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials, 2020
The appropriate compression molding parameters of the fabrication process of fiber reinforced pol... more The appropriate compression molding parameters of the fabrication process of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites materials are important to ensure the quality of composite samples. Therefore, this paper presents the determination of optimal compression molding parameters for pineapple leaf fiber (PLF)/polypropylene (PP) composite to get larger values of tensile strength through Taguchi method. The Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been used as a design of experiment (DOE) while the tensile strength is assumed to be quality characteristic (responses). In order to determine optimal compression molding parameter, four parameters of compression molding, which were temperature, pressure, pre heat duration and compression duration have been analyzed. The nine samples of the composites were fabricated with 60 wt% fiber loading and 30 mm fiber length with random orientation. From the analysis of tensile test result, it was determined that the optimum compression molding parameters for PLF/PP composite which are 30 kg/cm 2 for pressure, 175°C for temperature, 6 and 4 min to pre heat and compression duration respectively and give the higher tensile strength of 34.57 MPa. From this result, it is concluded that the 60/40 wt% (PLF/PP) composite ratio with 30 mm fiber length that were fabricated with optimal compression molding parameters is the best combination to get high value of tensile strength. There are only slight differences between the predicted and experimental values, where the experimental tensile strength only decreased by 1.9% compared to the predicted value.
Key Engineering Materials, 2011
This research concerns the effect of compression molding parameters on conducting polymer composi... more This research concerns the effect of compression molding parameters on conducting polymer composite (CPC) properties such as electrical conductivity and flexural strength. In the present work on CPC, focus is given to graphite (G) as filler and polypropylene (PP) was use as the binder. The Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array has been used as design of experiment (DOE) while the electrical conductivity and flexural strength were assumed to be quality characteristic (responses). The electrical conductivity was measured using four point probes and flexural strength was measured using three point tests according to ASTM D638. Classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the significant of each compression molding parameters and finally propose the optimum compression molding parameters. But for several responses, the optimum condition for one response is not very likely to the optimum condition for other response.
Journal of Natural Fibers
Polymers
Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environme... more Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is i...
Journal of Natural Fibers
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences
In recent years, the increased demand of biodegradable polymers has sparked the research interest... more In recent years, the increased demand of biodegradable polymers has sparked the research interest in the development of alternatives to conventional polymers. As such, starch considerably one of the best substitutes to the non-degradable polymers owing to its advantages. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical, physical and environmental characterization of bio-composites, which is in this case the thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) reinforced with a 2 mm length of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). The selection of different weight percentages in the range of 20 to 60 weight percentage (wt.%) of PALF contents were applied in this work. The mixtures of TPCS with different wt.% of PALF were made by using a hot compression moulding at 165 °C for 15 minutes. Several testing has been performed to determine the bio-composites characteristics. The results show that by incorporating 40 wt.% loading of PALF, the tensile and modulus strength has increased to the maximum. It i...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) is one of the natural fibers that abundantly can be found in Malaysia,... more Pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) is one of the natural fibers that abundantly can be found in Malaysia, but the usage of the pineapple plant is limited only on their fruit and the other parts to be a waste. In this study, PLF is used as the reinforcement material and starch (SH) used as the matrix or binder. Both materials were combined with several compositions ratio (weight percentage) of PLF/SH composites which are 50PLF/50SH, 60PLF/40SH and 70PLF/30SH. Before undergo the fabrication process, the fiber has gone through an alkaline treatment to increase the strength of the fiber and chopped with an approximate size range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Besides that, SH powder is sieved to gain several particulate sizes which are 75 µm, 100 µm and 250 µm. The related tests such as flexural, hardness, density tests and macrostructure analysis have been done to determine their mechanical properties of composite. Based on the results, the sample with composition of 70PL/30SH with 75 µm has shown the highest result for flexural stress which is 14.49 MPa. While, the composite with the same composition of 70PLF/30SH with particulate size SH of 250 µm has shown the highest result in the hardness of 67 ShoreD and density of 1.36 g/cm3 respectively.
Materials Research Express
ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017
The project aims to analyze the failure of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates and investiga... more The project aims to analyze the failure of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates and investigates failure behavior of glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid composite with the numerical and experimental approach. Finite element simulation using ANSYS v15 is used to determine the first ply failure (FPF) and last ply failure (LPF) loads. The hybrid effect to glass-graphite/epoxy will be replicated and analyzed using with a various angle of fiber orientation (θ = 0°, 45° and 90°) subjected to the uniaxial tensile test. Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria are employed to determine the failure load (failure index = 1). In numerical approach, failure behavior of the two different composite laminates has been analyzed. The failure curves (FPF and LPF) for both theories (Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu) are plotted and found to be close to each other. Therefore, from the preliminary outcome, it can be concluded that the current study is useful to the failure behavior of composite l...
The natural fibre plays an important role in developing biodegradable FRP to resolve the current ... more The natural fibre plays an important role in developing biodegradable FRP to resolve the current ecological and environmental problems. The utilization of bamboo fibres (BF) as reinforcement in FRP composite materials has increased tremendously and this has undergone a high-tech revolution in recent years as a response to the increasing demand for developing biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. Therefore, in this study, BF was used as a reinforcing material in a polymer matrix that is polypropylene (PP). This research studies the effects of BF length (4, 3 and 2 cm) and BF loading on the mechanical properties of BF/PP composite. Various ratios of BF/PP composite were analyzed and the ratios of composition in the BF/PP composite was fixed at 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. An alkaline treatment was conducted to extract thin bamboo fibre bundles and enhance the BF properties before the formation process of BF/PP composite using hot press. The mechanical properties of BF/PP co...
Composite material is gaining a large attention in these few years due to its high strength to we... more Composite material is gaining a large attention in these few years due to its high strength to weight ratio. The cost of composite is also relatively lower than conventional metallic alloy. Several previous studies had shown introducing of synthetic fibre in the natural fibre-based composite polymer can enhance the mechanical strength of the composite structure. This research paper studies the effect of temperature and preload moment on the bearing strength of woven kenaf-glass fibre reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite. The kenaf fibre and E-glass fibre are in the form of plain weave fabric. Composite specimens were manufactured through hot press moulding compression method at 180oC. In bolted joint test, specimens were exposed to a temperature of 25oC (room temperature), 40oC, 50oC, and 60oC and tightened with 0Nm, 5.2Nm and 7.5Nm preload moment. Bearing response under different conditions was tested according to ASTM D5961 standard procedure and failure modes were observed. ...
In this study, glass fiber and kenaf reinforced thermoplastic hybrid composite were fabricated us... more In this study, glass fiber and kenaf reinforced thermoplastic hybrid composite were fabricated using compression method. The composite is layout in sandwich structure. Woven glass fiber is sandwiched in between woven kenaf fiber with polypropylene matrix. The nominal thickness of the composite is 3mm. Bolted joint test was conducted according to ASTM D5961 using Universal testing machine. The results confirm geometric parameters affect the failure mode.
Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventiona... more Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventional material. It had been used in automotive and aircraft sector since many years ago due to its lightweight and low cost properties. Previous study had shown FML had excellent fatigue crack resistance characteristic compared to metallic alloy. This study shows the effects of different composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre on the fatigue life behaviour, hardness properties and mass of FML. FML was manufactured based on randomly oriented short OPEFB fibre and annealed aluminium alloy 6061. The FML panels were formed by bonding aluminium layers to composite by using the hot press compression moulding method with picture frame mould. Static test was conducted prior to fatigue test at quasi-static manner. The fatigue life of monolithic aluminium was investigated and set as a benchmark. The fatigue test was conducted at load levels of 80 to 95% of ultimate tensile strength usi...
Pineapple Leaf Fibers, 2020
The environmental issue becomes the central topic in the discussion for the last decade. Scientif... more The environmental issue becomes the central topic in the discussion for the last decade. Scientific works to overcome the problems are thus progressing including finding the alternative natural materials to replace the conventional synthetic ones. This chapter discusses the use of natural fibers extracted from pineapple leaf as natural acoustic absorber. The preparation for absorber samples is discussed, and the effects of fiber density, sample thickness, and introduction of backed air gap were measured using normal field incidence method in an impedance tube. The measured results reveal that the pineapple fibers can have good sound absorption above 500 Hz for thickness of 30 mm and density of 117 kg/m3. Almost the same performance can be achieved for thickness of 20 mm by introducing backed air gap of 20 mm. The effect of the quarter-wavelength with the presence of backed air gap can be clearly observed where this can be used as the design guide to determine the required thickness of the absorber.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
This present paper is aims to study the influence of cold rolling process on the microstructure a... more This present paper is aims to study the influence of cold rolling process on the microstructure and corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel using potentiodynamics polarization testing techniques. The steel with initial thickness of 2.0 mm was unidirectional cold rolled to 10%, 30% and 50% reduction in thickness. The corrosion behaviors of the cold rolled steels were evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as their simulated body fluids environment. The pH and temperature of the solution was maintained at 7.31 and 37°C and took approximately 5 hours for each individual test. The microstructure observations of the steels were studied using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the cold rolling process has modified the microstructure of 316L stainless steel by producing extensive surface defects. The microstructure modifications of the cold-rolled steel caused to enhance the corrosion resistance by lowering its corrosion rate to 23%...
Advanced Materials Research, 2013
Contruction concrete that use of insulation wall in building construction faces some problems suc... more Contruction concrete that use of insulation wall in building construction faces some problems such as having high weight, very reflective sound, heat transfer (the effectiveness of heat conductivity) incompetence and mechanical properties (strength) constraints. The sounds which impinge the wall cannot be absorbed efficiently but instead gives high reflection. This causes some noise of high echo in a room. So a good acoustic insulation must be efficient in absorbing the sound. This project proposes lightweight concrete as a replacement for insulation wall. This lightweight concrete will be developed using thermoplastic polymer waste which is recycled plastic bottles, sand, water, and cement. This research used thermoplastic polymer waste which is PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) material as the reinforcement material to replace small gravel in lightweight concrete. All its composition percentage of raw materials was divided into different samples composition. Its composition determi...
Procedia Engineering, 2013
In the present study, three-point bend impact experiments on AZ61 magnesium alloy were conducted ... more In the present study, three-point bend impact experiments on AZ61 magnesium alloy were conducted using an instrumented impact testing machine by Charpy V notch in accordance to ASTM E24.03.03. This test method is to determine dynamic fracture toughness at sharp crack for five different thickness of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm. A sharp fatigue pre-crack was initiated and propagated to half of specimen width at a constant crack propagation rate of about 1 x 10-8 m/cycle before the specimen was loaded by the impact force until the maximum force is reached and then rapid fracture occurred. The Charpy V notch test was conducted at an impact velocity of 3.85 m/s. The dynamics fracture toughness at sharp crack was determined from the force-displacement history of the load point obtained from measurements of input and reflected strain profiles on the incident specimen. The dynamic fracture toughness K d values obtained for different thicknesses showed that K d value decreased with increasing specimen thickness. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the micro and macro failure mechanism operation during the dynamic fracture event. In particular two micro-mechanisms of failure were of primary interest: (a) fatigue and rapid fracture surface and (b) the development of shear lips at the surface of the specimen follow by fracture.
Nowadays, there is an increase in research about renewable natural fiber as an alternative soluti... more Nowadays, there is an increase in research about renewable natural fiber as an alternative solutions in replacing synthetic fibers such as glass fiber as reinforced composites materials that are non – biodegradable and non – ecofriendly to the system. Natural fibers are also known for its low cost production yet have excellent mechanical properties and is environmental friendly. One of the natural fiber resource is pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) which is planted widely in Malaysia. From current research, PLF contains high cellulose and exhibits good mechanical properties especially from Josapine family. In this study, the PLF from Josapine is used as reinforced materials and starch (SH) is used as the binder. Additionally, the effects of PLF loading and PLF fiber length on the mechanical properties of PLF/SH composites is also analyzed. Compositions ratio of PLF/SH composites is fixed at 50/50, 60/40 and 70/30. The lengths of the fiber are fixed to 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm. Before the fabric...
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials, 2020
The appropriate compression molding parameters of the fabrication process of fiber reinforced pol... more The appropriate compression molding parameters of the fabrication process of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites materials are important to ensure the quality of composite samples. Therefore, this paper presents the determination of optimal compression molding parameters for pineapple leaf fiber (PLF)/polypropylene (PP) composite to get larger values of tensile strength through Taguchi method. The Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been used as a design of experiment (DOE) while the tensile strength is assumed to be quality characteristic (responses). In order to determine optimal compression molding parameter, four parameters of compression molding, which were temperature, pressure, pre heat duration and compression duration have been analyzed. The nine samples of the composites were fabricated with 60 wt% fiber loading and 30 mm fiber length with random orientation. From the analysis of tensile test result, it was determined that the optimum compression molding parameters for PLF/PP composite which are 30 kg/cm 2 for pressure, 175°C for temperature, 6 and 4 min to pre heat and compression duration respectively and give the higher tensile strength of 34.57 MPa. From this result, it is concluded that the 60/40 wt% (PLF/PP) composite ratio with 30 mm fiber length that were fabricated with optimal compression molding parameters is the best combination to get high value of tensile strength. There are only slight differences between the predicted and experimental values, where the experimental tensile strength only decreased by 1.9% compared to the predicted value.
Key Engineering Materials, 2011
This research concerns the effect of compression molding parameters on conducting polymer composi... more This research concerns the effect of compression molding parameters on conducting polymer composite (CPC) properties such as electrical conductivity and flexural strength. In the present work on CPC, focus is given to graphite (G) as filler and polypropylene (PP) was use as the binder. The Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array has been used as design of experiment (DOE) while the electrical conductivity and flexural strength were assumed to be quality characteristic (responses). The electrical conductivity was measured using four point probes and flexural strength was measured using three point tests according to ASTM D638. Classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the significant of each compression molding parameters and finally propose the optimum compression molding parameters. But for several responses, the optimum condition for one response is not very likely to the optimum condition for other response.
Journal of Natural Fibers
Polymers
Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environme... more Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is i...
Journal of Natural Fibers
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences
In recent years, the increased demand of biodegradable polymers has sparked the research interest... more In recent years, the increased demand of biodegradable polymers has sparked the research interest in the development of alternatives to conventional polymers. As such, starch considerably one of the best substitutes to the non-degradable polymers owing to its advantages. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical, physical and environmental characterization of bio-composites, which is in this case the thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) reinforced with a 2 mm length of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). The selection of different weight percentages in the range of 20 to 60 weight percentage (wt.%) of PALF contents were applied in this work. The mixtures of TPCS with different wt.% of PALF were made by using a hot compression moulding at 165 °C for 15 minutes. Several testing has been performed to determine the bio-composites characteristics. The results show that by incorporating 40 wt.% loading of PALF, the tensile and modulus strength has increased to the maximum. It i...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) is one of the natural fibers that abundantly can be found in Malaysia,... more Pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) is one of the natural fibers that abundantly can be found in Malaysia, but the usage of the pineapple plant is limited only on their fruit and the other parts to be a waste. In this study, PLF is used as the reinforcement material and starch (SH) used as the matrix or binder. Both materials were combined with several compositions ratio (weight percentage) of PLF/SH composites which are 50PLF/50SH, 60PLF/40SH and 70PLF/30SH. Before undergo the fabrication process, the fiber has gone through an alkaline treatment to increase the strength of the fiber and chopped with an approximate size range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Besides that, SH powder is sieved to gain several particulate sizes which are 75 µm, 100 µm and 250 µm. The related tests such as flexural, hardness, density tests and macrostructure analysis have been done to determine their mechanical properties of composite. Based on the results, the sample with composition of 70PL/30SH with 75 µm has shown the highest result for flexural stress which is 14.49 MPa. While, the composite with the same composition of 70PLF/30SH with particulate size SH of 250 µm has shown the highest result in the hardness of 67 ShoreD and density of 1.36 g/cm3 respectively.
Materials Research Express