Cheryl Ward | Independent Researcher (original) (raw)
Papers by Cheryl Ward
R. Ballard, ed., Archaeological Oceanography (Princeton University Press), pp. 148-173, 2008
A pilot project to explore shallow-and deep-water environments in the Black Sea as part of a long... more A pilot project to explore shallow-and deep-water environments in the Black Sea as part of a long-term project developed by the Institute for Exploration (IFE) tested survey methodology and equipment for deep-water archaeological applications. Th e application of traditional and innovative remote-sensing methods supported standard archaeological approaches to site survey in a relatively hostile marine environment and resulted in the discovery of four shipwrecks that date to the 4th to 6th centuries ce, including one of the best preserved seagoing ships from antiquity, a discovery predicted by Willard Bascom (1976:38). Th is chapter reviews the maritime survey, describes methodology used to locate four ships in 2000 and data recovered from those sites in 2000 and 2003, presents preliminary conclusions about those vessels, and discusses directions and possible implications of future research.
Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16 (2010) 189-198, 541-542, 2010
Shallow and deepwater seabed exploration in the Black Sea conducted in 2000 and 2003 as part of a... more Shallow and deepwater seabed exploration in the Black Sea conducted in 2000 and 2003 as part of a long term project developed by Robert Ballard's Institute for Exploration (IFE) identified a number of shipwrecks and environmental features while testing survey methodology and equipment for deepwater archaeological applications. 1 The underwater efforts complemented traditional terrestrial surveys in the Sinope area and contributed to a robust debate on the flooding of the Black Sea. This contribution outlines the maritime survey and methodology used to locate four ships (4 th to 6 th c.) in 2000 and interprets data recovered from those sites in 2000 and 2003. 2
American Journal of Archaeology, 2001
Abstract In 2000, a major expedition for deepwater archaeol-ogy was conducted by the Institute fo... more Abstract In 2000, a major expedition for deepwater archaeol-ogy was conducted by the Institute for Exploration in the Black Sea along the northwestern coast of Turkey from the Bosporus to the Turkish seaport of Sinop. A complementary land-based expedition will be reported ...
World Archaeology, 2003
... Archaeobotany; Bronze Age; Uluburun shipwreck; pomegranate; luxury goods. ... of Mesopotamia,... more ... Archaeobotany; Bronze Age; Uluburun shipwreck; pomegranate; luxury goods. ... of Mesopotamia, and its movement westward over millennia can be traced through archaeobotanical remains and ... there are more representations of the pomegranate on Crete and in Egypt (Table 1 ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
... Super-Sized Egyptian Ships. Cheryl Ward 1 ,; Chiara Zazzaro 2 ,; Mohamed Abd El-Maguid 3. Art... more ... Super-Sized Egyptian Ships. Cheryl Ward 1 ,; Chiara Zazzaro 2 ,; Mohamed Abd El-Maguid 3. Article first published online: 3 AUG 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00289.x. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 The Nautical Archaeology Society. Issue. ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
Excavation of the remains of seagoing ships at Wadi/Mersa Gawasis, on the Egyptian Red Sea coast,... more Excavation of the remains of seagoing ships at Wadi/Mersa Gawasis, on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, in 200405 and 200506 provides extensive physical evidence for construction techniques, wood selection, and recycling and re-use practices of the ancient Egyptians. ...
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2010
Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associ... more Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associated fauna and their mode of arrival in one of the rock-cut galleries, Cave 3, at the site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on Egypt’s Red Sea coast. The site served as a staging area and harbor from which Middle Kingdom pharaohs launched seafaring expeditions to the land of Punt in
... Generous funding for excavation, conservation and preliminary study was provided by the Unite... more ... Generous funding for excavation, conservation and preliminary study was provided by the United States Agency for International Development ... The royal ship of Cheops ... for the monumental rise of early civilizations, in M. Masson & D. Freidel (ed.) Ancient Maya political economics ...
... medallions and another with spiralling blue panels with intricate ghosted patterns (Figure 7.... more ... medallions and another with spiralling blue panels with intricate ghosted patterns (Figure 7.2) also find parallels in the Topkapi collection (Krahl and Ayers, 1986:1296 ... pipe, MH 9.4cm; (b) cut-glass flask 365, MH 8cm; (c) copper pan handle 629, MH 8.5 cm; (d) ivory or bone ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2004
Recent archaeological survey by sidescan sonar and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) resulted in ... more Recent archaeological survey by sidescan sonar and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) resulted in the discovery of one of the best-preserved seagoing ships from antiquity in the anoxic waters of the Black Sea. Three shipwrecks from the 4th to 6th centuries AD, with cargoes of shipping jars from Sinop, Turkey, were found at depths of about 100 m; the fourth sits upright on the sea-bed, buried to deck level in sediment. A description of each site and identification of visible site components is followed by a discussion of directions and possible implications of future research.© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2010
Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associ... more Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associated fauna and their mode of arrival in one of the rock-cut galleries, Cave 3, at the site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on Egypt's Red Sea coast. The site served as a staging area and harbor from which Middle Kingdom pharaohs launched seafaring expeditions to the land of Punt in the early second millennium BC. Quantities of wood, including ship timbers, fastenings, debris related to ship dismantling and reworking, and charcoal were excavated and analyzed. Evidence of marine mollusk infestation (shipworm) was abundant in Cave 3, as were the remains of insect pests of stored foods. We also report on a unique find of a plaster "spill" that preserved the floor of Cave 3 as it was when people worked in the gallery ca. 3800 years ago. The plaster spill created a sealed deposit of plant and insect remains with a diagnostic ceramic fragment, allowing us to securely associate insect remains and "hollow" spikelets of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) recovered from the gallery. An impression of the beetle Trachyderma hispida and its associated exoskeleton fragments provide new evidence of this species as a potential pest not yet reported from an archaeological grain storage site in Egypt. The finding of Tenebroides mauritanicus from the same deposit is the earliest known association of this pest with stored grains. These unique finds shed new light on the risks associated with preserving food supplies, combating pest infestation, and dealing with marine organisms on land and at sea in the pharaonic harbor.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
![Research paper thumbnail of Haldane [Ward] 1992 The Lisht timbers, in D. Arnold et al., Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition XXV. The South Cemeteries at Lisht III. The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret I at Lisht, pp. 102-12 and pls. 115-32](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30613813/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Cedar ship-timbers and associated debris from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea provide direct ev... more Cedar ship-timbers and associated debris from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea provide direct evidence for seafaring in complex watercraft built with standard Egyptian shipbuilding technologies. The Middle Kingdom craft buried at Dashur and disassembled timbers from Lisht ( c. 1850 and 1950 BC) provide the best parallels for most of the Gawasis finds, but two steering-oar blades are more comparable to early New Kingdom examples. A new type of hull-construction technology is presented, along with descriptions of maritime artefacts and site activities.
R. Ballard, ed., Archaeological Oceanography (Princeton University Press), pp. 148-173, 2008
A pilot project to explore shallow-and deep-water environments in the Black Sea as part of a long... more A pilot project to explore shallow-and deep-water environments in the Black Sea as part of a long-term project developed by the Institute for Exploration (IFE) tested survey methodology and equipment for deep-water archaeological applications. Th e application of traditional and innovative remote-sensing methods supported standard archaeological approaches to site survey in a relatively hostile marine environment and resulted in the discovery of four shipwrecks that date to the 4th to 6th centuries ce, including one of the best preserved seagoing ships from antiquity, a discovery predicted by Willard Bascom (1976:38). Th is chapter reviews the maritime survey, describes methodology used to locate four ships in 2000 and data recovered from those sites in 2000 and 2003, presents preliminary conclusions about those vessels, and discusses directions and possible implications of future research.
Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16 (2010) 189-198, 541-542, 2010
Shallow and deepwater seabed exploration in the Black Sea conducted in 2000 and 2003 as part of a... more Shallow and deepwater seabed exploration in the Black Sea conducted in 2000 and 2003 as part of a long term project developed by Robert Ballard's Institute for Exploration (IFE) identified a number of shipwrecks and environmental features while testing survey methodology and equipment for deepwater archaeological applications. 1 The underwater efforts complemented traditional terrestrial surveys in the Sinope area and contributed to a robust debate on the flooding of the Black Sea. This contribution outlines the maritime survey and methodology used to locate four ships (4 th to 6 th c.) in 2000 and interprets data recovered from those sites in 2000 and 2003. 2
American Journal of Archaeology, 2001
Abstract In 2000, a major expedition for deepwater archaeol-ogy was conducted by the Institute fo... more Abstract In 2000, a major expedition for deepwater archaeol-ogy was conducted by the Institute for Exploration in the Black Sea along the northwestern coast of Turkey from the Bosporus to the Turkish seaport of Sinop. A complementary land-based expedition will be reported ...
World Archaeology, 2003
... Archaeobotany; Bronze Age; Uluburun shipwreck; pomegranate; luxury goods. ... of Mesopotamia,... more ... Archaeobotany; Bronze Age; Uluburun shipwreck; pomegranate; luxury goods. ... of Mesopotamia, and its movement westward over millennia can be traced through archaeobotanical remains and ... there are more representations of the pomegranate on Crete and in Egypt (Table 1 ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
... Super-Sized Egyptian Ships. Cheryl Ward 1 ,; Chiara Zazzaro 2 ,; Mohamed Abd El-Maguid 3. Art... more ... Super-Sized Egyptian Ships. Cheryl Ward 1 ,; Chiara Zazzaro 2 ,; Mohamed Abd El-Maguid 3. Article first published online: 3 AUG 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00289.x. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 The Nautical Archaeology Society. Issue. ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
Excavation of the remains of seagoing ships at Wadi/Mersa Gawasis, on the Egyptian Red Sea coast,... more Excavation of the remains of seagoing ships at Wadi/Mersa Gawasis, on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, in 200405 and 200506 provides extensive physical evidence for construction techniques, wood selection, and recycling and re-use practices of the ancient Egyptians. ...
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2010
Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associ... more Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associated fauna and their mode of arrival in one of the rock-cut galleries, Cave 3, at the site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on Egypt’s Red Sea coast. The site served as a staging area and harbor from which Middle Kingdom pharaohs launched seafaring expeditions to the land of Punt in
... Generous funding for excavation, conservation and preliminary study was provided by the Unite... more ... Generous funding for excavation, conservation and preliminary study was provided by the United States Agency for International Development ... The royal ship of Cheops ... for the monumental rise of early civilizations, in M. Masson & D. Freidel (ed.) Ancient Maya political economics ...
... medallions and another with spiralling blue panels with intricate ghosted patterns (Figure 7.... more ... medallions and another with spiralling blue panels with intricate ghosted patterns (Figure 7.2) also find parallels in the Topkapi collection (Krahl and Ayers, 1986:1296 ... pipe, MH 9.4cm; (b) cut-glass flask 365, MH 8cm; (c) copper pan handle 629, MH 8.5 cm; (d) ivory or bone ...
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2004
Recent archaeological survey by sidescan sonar and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) resulted in ... more Recent archaeological survey by sidescan sonar and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) resulted in the discovery of one of the best-preserved seagoing ships from antiquity in the anoxic waters of the Black Sea. Three shipwrecks from the 4th to 6th centuries AD, with cargoes of shipping jars from Sinop, Turkey, were found at depths of about 100 m; the fourth sits upright on the sea-bed, buried to deck level in sediment. A description of each site and identification of visible site components is followed by a discussion of directions and possible implications of future research.© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2010
Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associ... more Our investigations combine detailed identification and interpretation of plant remains and associated fauna and their mode of arrival in one of the rock-cut galleries, Cave 3, at the site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on Egypt's Red Sea coast. The site served as a staging area and harbor from which Middle Kingdom pharaohs launched seafaring expeditions to the land of Punt in the early second millennium BC. Quantities of wood, including ship timbers, fastenings, debris related to ship dismantling and reworking, and charcoal were excavated and analyzed. Evidence of marine mollusk infestation (shipworm) was abundant in Cave 3, as were the remains of insect pests of stored foods. We also report on a unique find of a plaster "spill" that preserved the floor of Cave 3 as it was when people worked in the gallery ca. 3800 years ago. The plaster spill created a sealed deposit of plant and insect remains with a diagnostic ceramic fragment, allowing us to securely associate insect remains and "hollow" spikelets of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) recovered from the gallery. An impression of the beetle Trachyderma hispida and its associated exoskeleton fragments provide new evidence of this species as a potential pest not yet reported from an archaeological grain storage site in Egypt. The finding of Tenebroides mauritanicus from the same deposit is the earliest known association of this pest with stored grains. These unique finds shed new light on the risks associated with preserving food supplies, combating pest infestation, and dealing with marine organisms on land and at sea in the pharaonic harbor.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2010
Cedar ship-timbers and associated debris from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea provide direct ev... more Cedar ship-timbers and associated debris from Mersa/Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea provide direct evidence for seafaring in complex watercraft built with standard Egyptian shipbuilding technologies. The Middle Kingdom craft buried at Dashur and disassembled timbers from Lisht ( c. 1850 and 1950 BC) provide the best parallels for most of the Gawasis finds, but two steering-oar blades are more comparable to early New Kingdom examples. A new type of hull-construction technology is presented, along with descriptions of maritime artefacts and site activities.
International Journal of …, Jan 1, 2010