E.T.C. Dee | Independent Researcher (original) (raw)
Books by E.T.C. Dee
Cobble Books, 2020
Ten people who have squatted in or around Rotterdam were asked four questions. The questions were... more Ten people who have squatted in or around Rotterdam were asked four questions. The questions were as follows:
1/ When did you start squatting?
2/What did squatting help you accomplish?
3/ Got a good story from your squatting times?
4/ How do you see the squatting movement now?
Back cover image by Lost Communication
ISBN 9781716424410
Rotterdam has a rich and diverse history of squatting. As well as countless houses, many venues a... more Rotterdam has a rich and diverse history of squatting. As well as countless houses, many venues and other projects came from the movement. If you know where to look, the city is full of stories.
This book will give you one version of this colourful past, from one squat researcher’s perspective. Read about everything from the Aktiekomittee Progastarbeiders to Zines, with loads of pictures and activist analysis in between.
You are guaranteed to learn something new about this grey city and the squatters movement which even now bubbles away within it.
Download link supplied.
Addresses the development of squatting practices and movements in nine European cities
Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces is a first of its kind -- an anthology of voi... more Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces is a first of its kind -- an anthology of voices from the post-1968 squatting movement in Europe which is focused on creative production and cultural innovation. Is squatting art? It is certainly a tactic which has enabled a tremendous body of collective work in culture to be done, and new kinds of lives to be lived. Making Room lays it out in the words of those who did it and study it.
Free pdf download via link
With contributions by:
Alan W. Moore, Stevphen Shukaitis, Universidad Nómada, Tino Buchholz, Vincent Boschma, Geert Lovink, Alan Smart, Aja Waalwijk, Jordan Zinovich, Britta Lillesøe,Tina Steiger, Mikkel Bolt Rasmussen, x-Chris, Kasper Opstrup, Azomozox, Ashley Dawson, Sarah Lewison, Azomozox, Nina Fraeser, Julia Ramírez Blanco,
Tobias Morawski, Eliseo Fucolti, Gianni Piazza, Assembly of Teatro Valle, Patrick Nagle, Emanuele Braga, Margot Verdier, Vincent Prieur, Jon Lackman, Jacqueline Feldman, Julia Lledin, Elisabeth Lorenzi, Julia Lledinm, Stephen Luis Vilaseca, La Casa Invisible, Stephen Luis Vilaseca, Yasmin Ramirez, Gregory Lehmann, Sutapa Chattopadhyay, Jasna Babic, Tristan Wibault, Galvao Debelle dos Santos, E.T.C. Dee, Spencer Sunshine, Maxigas, mujinga.
The Squatters’ Movement in Europe is the first definitive guide to squatting as an alternative to... more The Squatters’ Movement in Europe is the first definitive guide to squatting as an alternative to capitalism. It offers a unique insider’s view on the movement – its ideals, actions and ways of life. At a time of growing crisis in Europe with high unemployment, dwindling social housing and declining living standards, squatting has become an increasingly popular option.
The book is published by Pluto. You can find it on Amazon and at all decent independent bookshops.
ISBN – 9780745333953
The book is written by an activist-scholar collective, whose members have direct experience of squatting: many are still squatters today. There are contributions from the Netherlands, Spain, the USA, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the UK.
In an age of austerity and precarity this book shows what has been achieved by this resilient social movement, which holds lessons for policy-makers, activists and academics alike.
Contents:
Introduction – Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel A. Martínez
1: Squatting as a response to social needs, the housing question and the crisis of capitalism, by Miguel A. Martínez and Claudio Cattaneo:
2: The Fallow Lands of the Possible The Life Cycle of Squats in Geneva and Beyond, by Luca Pattaroni:
3: The Right to Decent Housing and A Whole Lot More Besides – Examining the Modern English Squatters Movement at its Beginnings and in the Present Day, by ETC Dee:
4: The Power of the Magic Key. Scalability of squatting in the Netherlands and the US, by Hans Pruijt:
5: Ogni sfratto sarà una barricata: squatting for housing and social conflict in Rome, by Pierpaolo Mudu
6: Squats in urban ecosystems: overcoming the social and ecological catastrophes of the capitalist city, by Salvatore Engels di Mauro and Claudio Cattaneo
7: Squatting and Diversity – Gender and Patriarchy: In Berlin, Madrid and Barcelona, by Azozomox
8: Unavoidable Dilemmas: Squatters dealing with the Law, by Miguel A. Martínez, Azozomox and Javier Gil
Conclusions Miguel A. Martínez and Claudio Cattaneo
Appendix: The story of SqEK and the production process of this book, by Claudio Cattaneo, Baptiste Colin and Elisabeth Lorenzi
Index
""Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investiga... more ""Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investigating its history in Europe over the past four decades. Historical comparisons and analysis blend together in these inquiries into squatting in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Germany and England. In it members of SqEK (Squatting Europe Kollective) explore the diverse, radical, and often controversial nature of squatting as a form of militant research and self-managed knowledge production.
Contents:
Hans Pruijt: Squatting in Europe
Pierpaolo Mudu: Resisting and challenging Neoliberalism: the development of Italian Social
Centres
Gianni Piazza: How activists make decisions within Social Centres? A comparative study in an Italian city
Miguel A. Martínez: The Squatters’ Movement in Spain: A Local and Global Cycle of Urban Protests
Claudio Cattaneo: Urban squatting, rural squatting and the ecological-economic perspective
Andre Holm, Armin Kuhn: Squatting and Urban Renewal: The Interaction of Squatter Movements and Strategies of Urban Restructuring in Berlin
Linus Owens: Have squat, will travel: How squatter mobility mobilizes squatting
Florence Boullon: What’s a ‘good’ squatter? Categorization’s processes of squats by government officials in France
Thomas Aguilera: Configurations of Squats in Paris and the Ile-de-France Region: diversity of goals and resources
E.T.C. Dee: Moving towards criminalisation and then what? Examining dominant discourses on squatting in England
""
Papers by E.T.C. Dee
Twentieth Century British History
The Squatters' Movement in Europe
Space and Culture, 2017
A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and poss... more A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and possibly the end of a radical social movement. To put it in a nutshell, having arisen spontaneously as the result of a combination of factors, a movement gathers steam and puts people on the street in protests and demonstrations, before consolidating power and solidifying the raw energy into organizations which can better negotiate with established actors. In studying the Cowley Club, an anarchist social center in Brighton, England, which is cooperatively owned by its members, I interrogate the notion that institutionalization necessarily signifies decay and a shift into conformity. In doing so, I draw on a small but growing field of research analyzing squatters’ movements in Western Europe and also refer to the activist debate which occurred when the Cowley Club was set up.
Deviant Behavior, 2016
This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen's original formulation of the concept of moral... more This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen's original formulation of the concept of moral panic. A case study is made of a moral panic generated in the Dutch media regarding three accusations made by the police concerning booby traps and weapons caches in the squats of Amsterdam. These claims, while shown to be fantastical in nature, gave credence to a ideological discursive formation that portrayed the squatters' movement as increasingly violent. Squatters were subsequently manufactured as folk devils requiring control via juridical repression, a process that resulted in the criminalization of squatting in 2010.
In this chapter, E. T. C. Dee examines the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squat... more In this chapter, E. T. C. Dee examines the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squatters’ movement in Rotterdam, through the lens of squatted social centres (SSCs). Despite the underground and subcultural nature of this movement, with the sizeable majority of squats being privately residential, SSCs are investigated as far as they are projects open to all, hosting events or organising activities. The author presents some individual cases of squats and discusses the issue of gentrification in the Bospolder district. The empirical information is gathered in a database that lists projects from the 1970s to the end of 2013.
This chapter suggests an interpretation of the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the s... more This chapter suggests an interpretation of the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squatters’ movement in Brighton since the 1970s. First, squatting for living is explored as it becomes politicised. Second, the author determines how squatted and non-squatted autonomous social centres were rooted in Brighton. The criminalisation of squatting, the occasional legalisation and the gentrification processes are analysed according to specific local patterns. The chapter also shows how squatters were associated with other urban struggles and affected social and urban policy in various ways.
A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and poss... more A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and possibly the end of a radical social movement. To put it in a nutshell, having arisen spontaneously as the result of a combination of factors, a movement gathers steam and puts people on the street in protests and demonstrations, before consolidating power and solidifying the raw energy into organizations which can better negotiate with established actors. In studying the Cowley Club, an anarchist social center in Brighton, England, which is cooperatively owned by its members, I interrogate the notion that institutionalization necessarily signifies decay and a shift into conformity. In doing so, I draw on a small but growing field of research analyzing squatters' movements in Western Europe and also refer to the activist debate which occurred when the Cowley Club was set up.
This article assesses squatted social centres in London as a means to understand the cycles, cont... more This article assesses squatted social centres in London as a means to understand the cycles, contexts and institutionalisation processes of the local squatters movement. This diffuse social movement had its heyday in the late 1970s and early 1980s when there were 30,000 squatters and still exists today despite squatting in residential buildings being criminalised in 2012. Analysis is based on a database of 245 social centres, which are examined in terms of duration, time period, type of building and location. Important centres are briefly profiled and important factors affecting the squatters movement are examined, in particular institutionalisation, gentrification and criminalisation.
Written by (in alphabetical order): Thomas Aguilera Claudio Cattaneo E.T.C. Dee Galvão Debelle d... more Written by (in alphabetical order):
Thomas Aguilera
Claudio Cattaneo
E.T.C. Dee
Galvão Debelle dos Santos
Miguel Martinez
Bart van der Steen
Jakob Warnecke (not on academia)
This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen’s original formulation of the concept of moral... more This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen’s original formulation of the concept of moral panic. A case study is made of a moral panic generated in the Dutch media regarding three accusations made by the police concerning booby traps and weapons caches in the squats of Amsterdam.
These claims, while shown to be fantastical in nature, gave credence to a ideological discursive formation that portrayed the squatters’ movement as increasingly violent. Squatters were subsequently manufactured as folk devils requiring control via juridical repression, a process that resulted in the criminalization of squatting in 2010.
Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces, 2015
Interface Journal, Jun 2015
This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squa... more This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squatters' movements in Barcelona and England and Wales. The previous findings are introduced and then compared. Using the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis, we assess the presentations in the
mainstream media of the squatters' movements and analyse how they individually contest these portrayals. Mainstream media discourses often present a negative stereotype of squatters which in both cases facilitated repression. These dominant narratives both shape and are shaped by publicopinion, as indicated by specific examples. The findings for London and Barcelona are compared and three specific concerns are addressed, namely how squatters are presented as a deviant other, ways in which squatters formulated new meanings of squatting through linguistic methods and how mainstream media discourses can be contested.
Cobble Books, 2020
Ten people who have squatted in or around Rotterdam were asked four questions. The questions were... more Ten people who have squatted in or around Rotterdam were asked four questions. The questions were as follows:
1/ When did you start squatting?
2/What did squatting help you accomplish?
3/ Got a good story from your squatting times?
4/ How do you see the squatting movement now?
Back cover image by Lost Communication
ISBN 9781716424410
Rotterdam has a rich and diverse history of squatting. As well as countless houses, many venues a... more Rotterdam has a rich and diverse history of squatting. As well as countless houses, many venues and other projects came from the movement. If you know where to look, the city is full of stories.
This book will give you one version of this colourful past, from one squat researcher’s perspective. Read about everything from the Aktiekomittee Progastarbeiders to Zines, with loads of pictures and activist analysis in between.
You are guaranteed to learn something new about this grey city and the squatters movement which even now bubbles away within it.
Download link supplied.
Addresses the development of squatting practices and movements in nine European cities
Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces is a first of its kind -- an anthology of voi... more Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces is a first of its kind -- an anthology of voices from the post-1968 squatting movement in Europe which is focused on creative production and cultural innovation. Is squatting art? It is certainly a tactic which has enabled a tremendous body of collective work in culture to be done, and new kinds of lives to be lived. Making Room lays it out in the words of those who did it and study it.
Free pdf download via link
With contributions by:
Alan W. Moore, Stevphen Shukaitis, Universidad Nómada, Tino Buchholz, Vincent Boschma, Geert Lovink, Alan Smart, Aja Waalwijk, Jordan Zinovich, Britta Lillesøe,Tina Steiger, Mikkel Bolt Rasmussen, x-Chris, Kasper Opstrup, Azomozox, Ashley Dawson, Sarah Lewison, Azomozox, Nina Fraeser, Julia Ramírez Blanco,
Tobias Morawski, Eliseo Fucolti, Gianni Piazza, Assembly of Teatro Valle, Patrick Nagle, Emanuele Braga, Margot Verdier, Vincent Prieur, Jon Lackman, Jacqueline Feldman, Julia Lledin, Elisabeth Lorenzi, Julia Lledinm, Stephen Luis Vilaseca, La Casa Invisible, Stephen Luis Vilaseca, Yasmin Ramirez, Gregory Lehmann, Sutapa Chattopadhyay, Jasna Babic, Tristan Wibault, Galvao Debelle dos Santos, E.T.C. Dee, Spencer Sunshine, Maxigas, mujinga.
The Squatters’ Movement in Europe is the first definitive guide to squatting as an alternative to... more The Squatters’ Movement in Europe is the first definitive guide to squatting as an alternative to capitalism. It offers a unique insider’s view on the movement – its ideals, actions and ways of life. At a time of growing crisis in Europe with high unemployment, dwindling social housing and declining living standards, squatting has become an increasingly popular option.
The book is published by Pluto. You can find it on Amazon and at all decent independent bookshops.
ISBN – 9780745333953
The book is written by an activist-scholar collective, whose members have direct experience of squatting: many are still squatters today. There are contributions from the Netherlands, Spain, the USA, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the UK.
In an age of austerity and precarity this book shows what has been achieved by this resilient social movement, which holds lessons for policy-makers, activists and academics alike.
Contents:
Introduction – Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel A. Martínez
1: Squatting as a response to social needs, the housing question and the crisis of capitalism, by Miguel A. Martínez and Claudio Cattaneo:
2: The Fallow Lands of the Possible The Life Cycle of Squats in Geneva and Beyond, by Luca Pattaroni:
3: The Right to Decent Housing and A Whole Lot More Besides – Examining the Modern English Squatters Movement at its Beginnings and in the Present Day, by ETC Dee:
4: The Power of the Magic Key. Scalability of squatting in the Netherlands and the US, by Hans Pruijt:
5: Ogni sfratto sarà una barricata: squatting for housing and social conflict in Rome, by Pierpaolo Mudu
6: Squats in urban ecosystems: overcoming the social and ecological catastrophes of the capitalist city, by Salvatore Engels di Mauro and Claudio Cattaneo
7: Squatting and Diversity – Gender and Patriarchy: In Berlin, Madrid and Barcelona, by Azozomox
8: Unavoidable Dilemmas: Squatters dealing with the Law, by Miguel A. Martínez, Azozomox and Javier Gil
Conclusions Miguel A. Martínez and Claudio Cattaneo
Appendix: The story of SqEK and the production process of this book, by Claudio Cattaneo, Baptiste Colin and Elisabeth Lorenzi
Index
""Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investiga... more ""Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investigating its history in Europe over the past four decades. Historical comparisons and analysis blend together in these inquiries into squatting in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Germany and England. In it members of SqEK (Squatting Europe Kollective) explore the diverse, radical, and often controversial nature of squatting as a form of militant research and self-managed knowledge production.
Contents:
Hans Pruijt: Squatting in Europe
Pierpaolo Mudu: Resisting and challenging Neoliberalism: the development of Italian Social
Centres
Gianni Piazza: How activists make decisions within Social Centres? A comparative study in an Italian city
Miguel A. Martínez: The Squatters’ Movement in Spain: A Local and Global Cycle of Urban Protests
Claudio Cattaneo: Urban squatting, rural squatting and the ecological-economic perspective
Andre Holm, Armin Kuhn: Squatting and Urban Renewal: The Interaction of Squatter Movements and Strategies of Urban Restructuring in Berlin
Linus Owens: Have squat, will travel: How squatter mobility mobilizes squatting
Florence Boullon: What’s a ‘good’ squatter? Categorization’s processes of squats by government officials in France
Thomas Aguilera: Configurations of Squats in Paris and the Ile-de-France Region: diversity of goals and resources
E.T.C. Dee: Moving towards criminalisation and then what? Examining dominant discourses on squatting in England
""
Twentieth Century British History
The Squatters' Movement in Europe
Space and Culture, 2017
A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and poss... more A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and possibly the end of a radical social movement. To put it in a nutshell, having arisen spontaneously as the result of a combination of factors, a movement gathers steam and puts people on the street in protests and demonstrations, before consolidating power and solidifying the raw energy into organizations which can better negotiate with established actors. In studying the Cowley Club, an anarchist social center in Brighton, England, which is cooperatively owned by its members, I interrogate the notion that institutionalization necessarily signifies decay and a shift into conformity. In doing so, I draw on a small but growing field of research analyzing squatters’ movements in Western Europe and also refer to the activist debate which occurred when the Cowley Club was set up.
Deviant Behavior, 2016
This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen's original formulation of the concept of moral... more This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen's original formulation of the concept of moral panic. A case study is made of a moral panic generated in the Dutch media regarding three accusations made by the police concerning booby traps and weapons caches in the squats of Amsterdam. These claims, while shown to be fantastical in nature, gave credence to a ideological discursive formation that portrayed the squatters' movement as increasingly violent. Squatters were subsequently manufactured as folk devils requiring control via juridical repression, a process that resulted in the criminalization of squatting in 2010.
In this chapter, E. T. C. Dee examines the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squat... more In this chapter, E. T. C. Dee examines the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squatters’ movement in Rotterdam, through the lens of squatted social centres (SSCs). Despite the underground and subcultural nature of this movement, with the sizeable majority of squats being privately residential, SSCs are investigated as far as they are projects open to all, hosting events or organising activities. The author presents some individual cases of squats and discusses the issue of gentrification in the Bospolder district. The empirical information is gathered in a database that lists projects from the 1970s to the end of 2013.
This chapter suggests an interpretation of the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the s... more This chapter suggests an interpretation of the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation of the squatters’ movement in Brighton since the 1970s. First, squatting for living is explored as it becomes politicised. Second, the author determines how squatted and non-squatted autonomous social centres were rooted in Brighton. The criminalisation of squatting, the occasional legalisation and the gentrification processes are analysed according to specific local patterns. The chapter also shows how squatters were associated with other urban struggles and affected social and urban policy in various ways.
A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and poss... more A common view in social movement theory is that institutionalization signals the decline and possibly the end of a radical social movement. To put it in a nutshell, having arisen spontaneously as the result of a combination of factors, a movement gathers steam and puts people on the street in protests and demonstrations, before consolidating power and solidifying the raw energy into organizations which can better negotiate with established actors. In studying the Cowley Club, an anarchist social center in Brighton, England, which is cooperatively owned by its members, I interrogate the notion that institutionalization necessarily signifies decay and a shift into conformity. In doing so, I draw on a small but growing field of research analyzing squatters' movements in Western Europe and also refer to the activist debate which occurred when the Cowley Club was set up.
This article assesses squatted social centres in London as a means to understand the cycles, cont... more This article assesses squatted social centres in London as a means to understand the cycles, contexts and institutionalisation processes of the local squatters movement. This diffuse social movement had its heyday in the late 1970s and early 1980s when there were 30,000 squatters and still exists today despite squatting in residential buildings being criminalised in 2012. Analysis is based on a database of 245 social centres, which are examined in terms of duration, time period, type of building and location. Important centres are briefly profiled and important factors affecting the squatters movement are examined, in particular institutionalisation, gentrification and criminalisation.
Written by (in alphabetical order): Thomas Aguilera Claudio Cattaneo E.T.C. Dee Galvão Debelle d... more Written by (in alphabetical order):
Thomas Aguilera
Claudio Cattaneo
E.T.C. Dee
Galvão Debelle dos Santos
Miguel Martinez
Bart van der Steen
Jakob Warnecke (not on academia)
This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen’s original formulation of the concept of moral... more This article assesses recent improvements to Cohen’s original formulation of the concept of moral panic. A case study is made of a moral panic generated in the Dutch media regarding three accusations made by the police concerning booby traps and weapons caches in the squats of Amsterdam.
These claims, while shown to be fantastical in nature, gave credence to a ideological discursive formation that portrayed the squatters’ movement as increasingly violent. Squatters were subsequently manufactured as folk devils requiring control via juridical repression, a process that resulted in the criminalization of squatting in 2010.
Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces, 2015
Interface Journal, Jun 2015
This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squa... more This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squatters' movements in Barcelona and England and Wales. The previous findings are introduced and then compared. Using the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis, we assess the presentations in the
mainstream media of the squatters' movements and analyse how they individually contest these portrayals. Mainstream media discourses often present a negative stereotype of squatters which in both cases facilitated repression. These dominant narratives both shape and are shaped by publicopinion, as indicated by specific examples. The findings for London and Barcelona are compared and three specific concerns are addressed, namely how squatters are presented as a deviant other, ways in which squatters formulated new meanings of squatting through linguistic methods and how mainstream media discourses can be contested.
This article examines squatted social centres in Amsterdam and the political squatters' movement ... more This article examines squatted social centres in Amsterdam and the political squatters' movement which created them. Amsterdam has long been regarded as one of the squatting strongholds of Western Europe. A database of 115 social centres is analysed in terms of housing, legalisation processes, time period, duration of project, type of building occupied and location by borough. The database was produced using a range of sources, including participant observation, archive materials, conversations with squatters past and present, academic sources and activist websites. I
consider external factors affecting the squatters' movement such as gentrification and anti-squatting. I pay particular attention to the broedplaats concept as it pertains to institutionalisation, with significant individual projects described where appropriate. Conclusions are then reached
about the contexts, cycles and institutionalisation processes of the squatters' movement in Amsterdam.
This article analyses a database of 44 squatted social centres in Rotterdam. The database provide... more This article analyses a database of 44 squatted social centres in Rotterdam. The database provides a useful lens to examine the squatters' movement which in Rotterdam (as opposed to other larger cities such as Amsterdam or London) is underground and little studied. The database was produced through reference to a range of sources, including participant observation, archive materials, conversations with squatters past and present, academic sources and activist websites. The projects are analysed in terms of time period, duration, location and type of building occupied. A problem experienced and evaluated is the lack of both primary and secondary sources. Some significant individual projects are described and one area for which suitable information data is available, the district of Bospolder, is used as a case study regarding the issue of gentrification (which first necessitates a review of the relevant literature on gentrification). Conclusions are reached about the cycles, contexts and institutionalisation of the squatters' movement in Rotterdam.
The Squatters’ Movement in Europe: Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism , 2014
Moral Rhetoric and the Criminalisation of Squatting, 2015
In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisat... more In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisation is often understood as a top-down process, where those who are criminalised are seen as passive actors without political agency. Understanding squatters as political activists, rather than merely victims of the social and economic system, puts a different light on the theoretical and practical implications related to criminalisation. Indeed criminalisation is a complex process that involves a multiplicity of actors, interests, and discourses. On the one hand it produces new norms and meanings aimed at shaping squatters' conducts. On the other hand, it sees the emergence of alternative practices and discourses that resist criminalisation. The aim of this paper is the understanding of the complex relation between criminalisation and its resistance, and of how discourses of criminalisation and practices of resistance mutually influence each other.
We will examine the contestation of the meaning of squatting, the role of the media in constructing moral panics toward squatting, and the alternative discourses used to counter criminalisation, both in England and in the Netherlands. In particular, we will explore the discourses mobilised by right-wing politicians and opponents of squatting to criminalise it, and the discourses utilised by squatters and their supporters to defend it.
Sociological Research Online, Nov 30, 2014
This article analyses a database of 55 squatted social centres in Brighton. By virtue of their pu... more This article analyses a database of 55 squatted social centres in Brighton. By virtue of their public nature, these projects provide a lens through which to examine the local political squatters' movement, which was often underground, private and hidden (residential squatting in contrast is not profiled). Several relevant non-squatted spaces are also included since they were used as organisational hubs by squatters. The data was gathered from a mixture of participant observation, reference to archive materials, conversations with squatters past and present, academic sources and activist websites. The projects are assessed in turn by time period, duration, type of building occupied and location (by ward). Significant individual projects are described and two boom periods identified, namely the late 1990s and recent years. Reasons for the two peaks in activity are suggested and criticised. It is argued that social centres bloomed in the 1990s as part of the larger anti-globalisation movement and more recently as a tool of resistance against the criminalisation of squatting. Tentative conclusions are reached concerning the cycles, contexts and institutionalisation of the squatters' movement. It is suggested that the movement exists in ebbs and flows, influenced by factors both internal (such as the small, transitory nature of the milieu) and external (such as frequent evictions). This research feeds into a larger research project (MOVOKEUR) analysing the various squatters' movement in cities across Western Europe.
Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles, Nov 2012
Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investigati... more Squatting in Europe aims to move beyond the conventional understandings of squatting, investigating its history in Europe over the past four decades. Historical comparisons and analysis blend together in these inquiries into squatting in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Germany and England. In it members of SqEK (Squatting Europe Kollective) explore the diverse, radical, and often controversial nature of squatting as a form of militant research and self-managed knowledge production.
This article brings together separate researches on mainstream media discourses concerning the sq... more This article brings together separate researches on mainstream media discourses concerning the squatters' movements in Barcelona and England and Wales. The previous
findings are introduced and then compared. Using the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis, we assess the presentations in the mainstream media of the squatters'
movements and analyse how they contest these portrayals. Mainstream media discourses present a negative stereotype of squatters which facilitated repression. These dominant
narratives both shape and are shaped by public opinion, indicated by specific examples.
The findings for London and Barcelona are compared and three specific concerns are addressed, namely how squatters are presented as a deviant other, ways in which squatters
formulated new meanings of squatting through linguistic methods and how mainstream media discourses can be contested.
OACU - Barcelona Conference, 2022
Property development is a means for powerful interests to shape the (urban) environment and often... more Property development is a means for powerful interests to shape the
(urban) environment and often affects squatters, who either occupy the
land under threat or form alliances to adapt regeneration plans from a
grassroots perspective. With the spectre of Qatar hanging over us, I
investigate how squatters groups in Brazil, Italy, the Netherlands and
South Africa have resisted and shaped local megadevelopments. Outright
success is rare but we can also interrogate what exactly it means to
win.
Anarchist Studies conference, 2022
2022 presentation of Brighton squat history at Squat the Slope, an occupation on University of Su... more 2022 presentation of Brighton squat history at Squat the Slope, an occupation on University of Sussex campus - https://linktr.ee/squattheslope - (october-november)
My current research focuses upon the varied strands of the squatting movement in Rotterdam from t... more My current research focuses upon the varied strands of the squatting movement in Rotterdam from the 1960s to the present day. Whereas Western European capital cities such as Amsterdam, Berlin and Copenhagen all have well established narratives concerning the development and impact of the local squatters movement, very little research has been done on Rotterdam (and indeed other Dutch cities). In this presentation I aim to show that squatting in Rotterdam was already well established by 1970 and a movement has persisted through time.
Through different sources such as personal experience, interviews with former squatters, films, zines, flyers, digitised newspapers and historical archives I created first a database of squats and then a map of squatted Rotterdam (http://maps.squat.net/en/cities/rotterdam/squats). My research is directed towards social centres, defined in a loose sense to mean squats with a public function and so my concern here is not with residential squats, of which there undoubtedly have been thousands.
I document a movement which had different strands, with groups dedicated to specific goals such as housing people, helping immigrants, providing music venues, conserving buildings, protesting urban regeneration and so on. Squatting was used as a tool by these various groups, which tended not to unite under any specific political banner, unlike in Amsterdam where the movement had a strong far left identity. Whilst there are/were political squatters in Rotterdam, they were few in number and often ended up joining the braindrain to the capital.
I have found evidence of squatting advice hours, a well-established practice of providing help to people looking to squat, but I also show that most squatting in Rotterdam has always been 'wild,' that is to say people have simply self-organised and done it for themselves rather than going through interactions with an organised central network. Thus I suggest that in Rotterdam, perhaps as in other smaller cities across Europe, squatting has been a useful tool in the activist repertoire which gained strength from struggles fought out on the streets of Amsterdam and then followed its own specific trajectory.
Presentation at Diversiteit collective free school Enschede 'Analysing the Results of the Kraakv... more Presentation at Diversiteit collective free school Enschede
'Analysing the Results of the Kraakverbod and Looking Back at Hidden Histories of Squatting in Rotterdam' with E.T.C. Dee
If we analyse the recent government evaluation of the kraakverbod (the law criminalising squatting in 2010) we see that the lunatic plan to stop vacancy by imprisoning squatters has not worked out very well.
And to remind everyone of all the good things which can come from the occupation of empty space, we will see some photographs from squatting in Rotterdam in the 1970s and 1980s.
No need to bring anything specific to this class, except an inclination to chat about squatting.
This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squa... more This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squatters' movements in Barcelona and England and Wales. The previous findings are introduced and then compared. Using the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis, we assess the presentations in the
mainstream media of the squatters' movements and analyse how they individually contest these portrayals. Mainstream media discourses often present a negative stereotype of squatters which in both cases facilitated repression. These dominant narratives both shape and are shaped by public
opinion, as indicated by specific examples. The findings for London and Barcelona are compared and three specific concerns are addressed, namely how squatters are presented as a deviant other, ways in which squatters
formulated new meanings of squatting through linguistic methods and how mainstream media discourses can be contested.
My presentation at the sceond in a series of meetings aiming to draft a convention which makes sq... more My presentation at the sceond in a series of meetings aiming to draft a convention which makes squatting possible again!?
The blurb: Adelita Husni-Bey has initiated a series of Public Drafting Meetings involving a collective process in the writing of a new law on housing rights and property use in Europe. The gatherings–part of the second chapter of the artist’s project White Paper: The Law (2014–present)–focus on contesting the enclosures of private property imposed by the 2010 squatting ban in the Netherlands and similar crackdowns across Europe. Gentrification, real estate speculation, and the sale of public assets to private investors heighten our awareness of neoliberalism’s dominance over all facets of life, a deep concern that is calling many to action. The writing of the law is an exercise in challenging the authority of the legislator and the foundations of our current social contract. In formulating “movement-perspective legislation” the use-value of housing is emphasized, as opposed to its function as means for financial speculation.
"In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisa... more "In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisation is often understood as a top-down process, where those who are criminalised are seen as passive actors without political agency. Understanding squatters as political activists, rather than merely victims of the social and economic system, puts a different light on the theoretical and practical implications related to criminalisation. Indeed criminalisation is a complex process that involves a multiplicity of actors, interests, and discourses. On the one hand it produces new norms and meanings aimed at shaping squatters' conducts. On the other hand, it sees the emergence of alternative practices and discourses that resist criminalisation. The aim of this paper is the understanding of the complex relation between criminalisation and its resistance, and of how discourses of criminalisation and practices of resistance mutually influence each other.
We will examine the contestation of the meaning of squatting, the role of the media in constructing moral panics toward squatting, and the alternative discourses used to counter criminalisation, both in England and in the Netherlands. In particular, we will explore the discourses mobilised by right-wing politicians and opponents of squatting to criminalise it, and the discourses utilised by squatters and their supporters to defend it."
"In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisa... more "In both England and the Netherlands, squatting has recently been legislated against. Criminalisation is often understood as a top-down process, where those who are criminalised are seen as passive actors without political agency. Understanding squatters as political activists, rather than merely victims of the social and economic system, puts a different light on the theoretical and practical implications related to criminalisation. Indeed criminalisation is a complex process that involves a multiplicity of actors, interests, and discourses. On the one hand it produces new norms and meanings aimed at shaping squatters' conducts. On the other hand, it sees the emergence of alternative practices and discourses that resist criminalisation. The aim of this paper is the understanding of the complex relation between criminalisation and its resistance, and of how discourses of criminalisation and practices of resistance mutually influence each other.
We will examine the contestation of the meaning of squatting, the role of the media in constructing moral panics toward squatting, and the alternative discourses used to counter criminalisation, both in England and in the Netherlands. In particular, we will explore the discourses mobilised by right-wing politicians and opponents of squatting to criminalise it, and the discourses utilised by squatters and their supporters to defend it."
In collaboration with Vereniging Poortgebouw, Het Nieuwe Instituut hosts an evening about forms o... more In collaboration with Vereniging Poortgebouw, Het Nieuwe Instituut hosts an evening about forms of local resistance, self-organisation and the economies that sustain them.
Designer, farmer and lecturer Michael Leung (Hong Kong) will speak about the sociocultural context of farm squats in Hong Kong. Researcher and writer Pelin Tan (Mardin, Turkey) will talk about forms of local resistance in Istanbul, followed by a session by Poortgebouw residents on the history and the current situation of the space and its community, within the urban context of Rotterdam. Finally, researcher E.T.C. Dee will present archival research on squatting in Rotterdam.
This programme is part of the ongoing research project Architecture of Appropriation, in which Het Nieuwe Instituut investigates squatting as an architectural practice.
From the heyday of the 80s and early 90s of mass squatting, militant resistances and squatter rio... more From the heyday of the 80s and early 90s of mass squatting, militant resistances and squatter riots to the persistence of squatting since its criminalisation, squatting has a strong tradition in the Netherlands. E.T.C Dee will discuss the history and present situation of squatting in the Netherlands.
”Squatting in Europe”. In times of crisis and rising urban conflicts, squatting as a strategy for... more ”Squatting in Europe”. In times of crisis and rising urban conflicts, squatting as a strategy for housing but also for political self organisation seems to celebrate a revival all over Europe. At the same time, we observe accelerated gentrification and displacement, and a rising repression and criminalization of squatting in the last years. Activists and researchers of Squatting in Europe Kollektive (sqek.squat.net) from Brighton/London, from Rotterdam, Paris and Geneva will talk about the situation of squatting under these contradicting conditions in their cities, in order to exchange experiences and to discuss possibilities of squatting and urban movements. The event will be held in English, translation into other languages are possible.
SqEK (Squatting Europe Kollective) is a transnational collective of academics and activists working on the phenomenon of squatting in a variety of fields, which include urban studies, sociology, political science, anthropology, geography and history.
Photo-journalist Alec Smart, ‘Conceptual Architect’ Alex Casper and members of the Squatters’ Net... more Photo-journalist Alec Smart, ‘Conceptual Architect’ Alex Casper and members of the Squatters’ Network of Brighton discuss activists’ use of alternative media as publicity, protest and direct action. Focussing on the recent history of activism in Brighton and Hove, speakers will consider the possibilities and limitations of films, zines, newspapers and art exhibitions as political tools.
"Okupaciones y los dilemas de la negociación, la legalización y la institucionalización // Squa... more "Okupaciones y los dilemas de la negociación, la legalización y la
institucionalización //
Squatting and the dilemmas of negotiation, legalisation and institutionalisation.
Intervienen: Hans Pruijt (Rotterdam), Amantine (Berlin), E.T.C. Dee (Brighton), Robert González (Barcelona), Miguel Martínez (Madrid)
Lunes 13 de febrero de 2012 a las 19,30h en CSOA Casablanca (c/ Santa Isabel, metro Antón Martín)
Organiza: SqEK (Squatting Europe Kollective) https://sqek.squat.net/"
E. T. C. Dee (2017) Challenging social inequality: the landless rural workers movement and agrari... more E. T. C. Dee (2017) Challenging social inequality: the landless rural workers movement and agrarian reform in Brazil, Social Movement Studies, 16:3, 376-377, DOI:
10.1080/14742837.2017.1279966
E. T. C. Dee (2017) Bourdieu and social movements: ideological struggles in the British anti-capi... more E. T. C. Dee (2017) Bourdieu and social movements: ideological struggles in the British anti-capitalist movement, Social Movement Studies, 16:3, 378-379, DOI:
10.1080/14742837.2017.1279962
Published in Antipode Journal 2016
Napoli Monitor, 2023
Dopo una serie di negoziazioni favorevoli, i lavoratori delle ferrovie non prevedono nuovi sciope... more Dopo una serie di negoziazioni favorevoli, i lavoratori delle ferrovie non prevedono nuovi scioperi, così come gli insegnanti della National Education Union, che però considera ‘offensiva‘ l’ultima proposta salariale. Molti altri scioperi si preparano per i prossimi mesi: 1,400 lavoratori dell’aeroporto di Heathrow (sindacato Unite) sciopereranno per dieci giorni dal 31 marzo in poi; i dottori, dall’11 al 15 aprile; mille lavoratori e lavoratrici degli uffici passaporti sciopereranno tra il 3 aprile e il 5 maggio; centomila impiegati pubblici di 214 uffici, iscritti al sindacato PCS, sono già in sciopero per un aumento del 10%, pensioni, sicurezza sul lavoro, e contro i tagli al personale; gli istruttori di guida, sempre del PCS, faranno giornate di sciopero in tutto il Regno Unito.
London Review of Books, 2023
According to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, also known... more According to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, also known as the ‘Nelson Mandela Rules’, to keep a prisoner in solitary confinement for 22 hours a day for more than 15 days is a form of torture, acceptable ‘in no circumstances’. Yet it is normal procedure in Italy’s 41-bis regime, named after an amendment to the Prison Administration Act introduced as ‘emergency’ legislation in 1975 but modified several times since, including after the mafia killing of the Sicilian judge Giovanni Falcone and his five bodyguards near Palermo in 1992. Its purpose then was to prevent mafia bosses from communicating with their associates but, as often happens with repressive measures, it has been progressively extended to other prisoners.
Freedom, 2020
First paragraph - Over the last fortnight I have gone down a High Speed 2 research wormhole, spar... more First paragraph - Over the last fortnight I have gone down a High Speed 2 research wormhole, sparked by the thought that I hadn’t heard much about what was going on lately with this bloated project. I started to google around and to read the media outside my usual reference points, which led to a fair few discoveries, some good some bad. This is a time of high tension, a time when the white elephant should be retired before it’s too late. With my head full of statistics and controversies, I chatted to friends and families in the park and at barbecues and received a fascinating range of opinions. There are protest camps going on and I visited some of them. There are reports from various groups, for and against, which I have read. I came to realise that Stop HS2 is a huge socio-political issue which the mainstream media (and to be fair also the alternative media I tend to read) are simply not covering in all its complexity.
In the Netherlands, juridical measures are repressing squatting with the explicit aim of preventi... more In the Netherlands, juridical measures are repressing squatting with the explicit aim of preventing vacancy, even though statistics show that vacancy figures continue to rise exponentially.
After the botched eviction of Can Vies in late May, squatters have been preparing for the new off... more After the botched eviction of Can Vies in late May, squatters have been preparing for the new offensive of the Catalan state. The riots that now taking place show how the new forms of occupation that are emerging in Barcelona in response to the austerity crisis have managed to gather massive popular support.
Media Channel, Jun 17, 2014
The Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its evic... more The Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction led to five consecutive nights of rioting. But the story is much bigger than that....
United Explanations, Jul 3, 2014
Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction... more Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction led to five consecutive nights of protest and rioting. But the story is much bigger than that....
United Explanations, Jun 17, 2014
Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction... more Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction led to five consecutive nights of protest and rioting. But the story is much bigger than that....
Media Channel, Jul 3, 2014
The Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its evic... more The Can Vies social centre in Barcelona recently hit the headlines across the world when its eviction led to five consecutive nights of rioting. But the story is much bigger than that....
Squatting, using land or buildings which are otherwise derelict or empty without the permission o... more Squatting, using land or buildings which are otherwise derelict or empty without the permission of the title holder, is a tool in the box of diverse groups in England. The number of squatters was estimated to be 50,000 in the early 1980s and is perhaps 20,000 now. Many squatters are taking direct action to satisfy their housing needs and often intertwined with this fundamental driver are the political objectives of the squatters movement. Examining previous typologies made for different European contexts, I assess their suitability when applied to the English context. I then suggest a new typology of squatting which works for England and can hopefully be applied to other places. I term this typology constellations of occupation, since in every place the categories are drawn out in slightly different ways, but there are overall similarities which can be discerned. I present this eight-fold typology and discuss the various categories, which are: Residential / Cultural / Political protest / Social centre / Adverse Possession / Rough Sleeping / Fraudulent.
This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squa... more This article brings together separate research on mainstream media discourses concerning the squatters' movements in Barcelona and England and Wales. The previous findings
are introduced and then compared. Using the technique of Critical Discourse Analysis, we assess the presentations in the mainstream media of the squatters'
movements and analyse how they individually contest these portrayals. Mainstream media discourses often present a negative stereotype of squatters which in both
cases facilitated repression. These dominant narratives both shape and are shaped by public opinion, as indicated by specific examples. The findings for London and Barcelona
are compared and three specific concerns are addressed, namely how squatters are presented as a deviant other, ways in which squatters formulated new meanings of squatting
through linguistic methods and how mainstream media discourses can be contested.
A poster representation of database analysis for squatted social centres in Brighton
A poster representation of database analysis for squatted social centres in Rotterdam
A poster representation of database analysis for squatted social centres in Amsterdam
A poster representation of database analysis for squatted social centres in Amsterdam / Brighton ... more A poster representation of database analysis for squatted social centres in Amsterdam / Brighton / London / Rotterdam