Reginald Legoabe | Independent Scholar (original) (raw)

Papers by Reginald Legoabe

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379 (Print) / ISSN 3007-0171 (online), 2024

The purpose of water purification is to change non-separable particles to separable aggregates an... more The purpose of water purification is to change non-separable particles to separable aggregates and to remove formed flocculent suspension from the water. The total residual concentration of each monitored impurity determines the overall process efficiency attained by the plant; the residual concentration of non-separable particles determines the process efficiency attainable by the technology used. At present the formation of flocculent suspension and its gravity separation are lengthy processes varying between 3 and 4.5 hours. Consequently this resulted in high capital costs. Therefore, reconsideration of the kinetics of formation of flocculent suspensions and its effect on the gravity separation of formed suspension was needed to develop a new water purification technology through unconventional, open-minded considerations of technologies likely to be in direct disagreement with traditional ways of thinking in water purification engineering. The current method for the use of water soluble polymers results in a deterioration of the purified water quality and detrimentally affects the operation of filters. Therefore the development of a method for using these polymers, free of side effects, is also essential. A new technology, the High Rate Clarification Technology, combining the Inline High Density Suspension formation process for producing dense microaggregates, and the Post-Orthokinetic Agglomeration process for agglomerating micro-aggregates into large rapidly settling agglomerates was used. The findings in this study indicate that HRCT technology reduces the time taken during aggregation process into a few minutes and increases the sedimentation velocity of the formed suspension to more than 20 m.h-1. This reduces the retention time in the clarifier to below 30 minutes. Two High Rate types of clarifiers, namely HR Clarifier and P-Clarifier, incorporating the principles of High Rate Clarification Technology (HRCT), were developed. These clarifiers were operated at different localities purifying surface water to a potable quality as well as recovering water from clarifier sludge and the desilting of underground mine water. The results achieved through utilisation of both clarifiers deploying High Rate Clarification Technology (HRCT) attained unprecedented water purification quality. The study finds that the impact of HRCT on water purification engineering processes is significant since HRCT not only significantly reduced the size of flocculation plants and clarifiers or sedimentation tanks in comparison to traditional designs but purified surface water to high potable quality provided that hydrolyzing coagulants are used and applied under optimized reaction conditions.

African Journal in Edication & Transformation Volume 3 Edition 2 - December 2023, 2023

This paper explores the significant relationship between fiscal policy and governance in South Af... more This paper explores the significant relationship between fiscal policy and governance in South Africa and its impact on decisionmaking within management. South Africa faces complex challenges in managing its fiscal policies, where the effectiveness of governance institutions plays a pivotal role in shaping the economic landscape. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of governance practices on fiscal policies, specifically focusing on taxation, government expenditure, and budget allocation. The fiscal policies mentioned above have consequences on managerial decision-making in both the public and commercial sectors. This study examines the influence of political stability, openness, and accountability in governance on the formulation of economic policy decisions in South Africa. This article analyzes the influence of these attributes on the predictability of fiscal policies, a crucial factor to be taken into account for strategic long-term planning and investment decision-making. Furthermore, this study examines the importance of regulatory bodies, such as the National Treasury and the South African Revenue Service (SARS), in establishing fiscal policy and exerting impact on management decision-making. Furthermore, it underscores the deep interconnections between governance performance and many factors such as fiscal deficits, debt sustainability, and economic inequality. The objective of this study is to examine the potential impact of macroeconomic conditions on the decision-making process of managers. This encompasses several aspects such as resource allocation, investment planning, and the application of risk management strategies. The study concludes by emphasizing the significance of building a harmonious relationship between fiscal policy and governance in order to foster a conducive environment for managerial decision-making. The possible benefits of implementing robust governance structures include enhancing the stability of fiscal policies, reducing uncertainty, and promoting economic growth. Consequently, managers in both the public and private sectors can reap rewards from such measures. The abstract highlights the importance of continuous research and policy evaluation in effectively navigating the dynamic landscape of fiscal policy and governance in South Africa.

African Journal in Education & Transformation, ISSN 2788-6379 , 2024

Fellow Scholars & Researchers: You are invited to submit a paper for publishing in the Volume... more Fellow Scholars & Researchers:

You are invited to submit a paper for publishing in the Volume 4, Edition 1 (July 2024) of the African Journal in Education Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379.

The overall theme of Edition 4 is “Contemporary Colonial Hegemonies, Modern Day Slavery and Conflict on the African Continent”.

The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379 is an open-access, peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary bi-annual Journal offering graduate scholars (ranging from novice to experienced Researchers) the opportunity to participate in quality research output with the ultimate objective to encourage Researchers to attain professional ratings by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and to increase the pool of quality and experienced African Researchers.

The Journal publishes peer-reviewed articles, review articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, viewpoints and research projects by practitioners, specialists and fulltime academia of all grades, functional area expertise and specialities in the below specified functional areas.

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF FOCUS:-
• Education
• Health Sciences
• Social Sciences
• Management Sciences
• Economics
• Law
• Built Environment

IMPORTANT DATES: -
• Submission of Abstracts: 30 March 2024
• Submission of Full Papers: 30 April 2024
• Notification of Acceptance / Rejection: 15 April 2024
• Revised Manuscript due: 30 May 2024
• Publication date: 30 July 2024

All Abstract/ Paper submissions by email to the Editor in Chief at research@ajet.org.za or research@hetn.org.za

Editor in Chief
Prof Thidziambi S Phendla
African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET)
ISSN 2788-6379

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379, 2023

The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET) is an open-access, peer-reviewed and m... more The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET) is an open-access, peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary bi-annual Journal offering graduate scholars the opportunity to participate in research output to address the shift from elite to mass participation in higher education and emerging opportunities that make higher education more responsive to competing demands of SA society.

The Journal aims to increase research output by graduates from disadvantaged communities from various functional areas.

The Journal avails a platform for novice to experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of various research projects across various functional areas.

The ultimate objective is to encourage an increase in research output in line with the National Development Plan Vision 2030 and assist graduate Researchers to attain professional ratings by the National Research Foundation (NRF).

The Journal welcomes articles, dialogues, notes, book reviews and further comments thereon, in keeping with Editorial policy (see www.ajet.org.za).

The theme of this 3rd Volume is “Social Justice and Transformation In Education In The Post-Covid 19 Era”.

The key focus areas of AJET (ISSN 2788-6379) is in the following functional areas:-

• Education
• Social Sciences
• Management Sciences
• Economics
• Law
• Built Environment

All article submissions by email to research@ajet.org.za / research@hetn.org.za

Yours faithfully

Editor in Chief
Prof Thidziambe Sylvia Phendla
www.ajet.org.za
Email: research@ajet.org.za
Email: research@hetn.org.za

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379, 2022

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID) 19 brought an unprecedented disruption that has affected educati... more The Corona Virus Disease (COVID) 19 brought an unprecedented disruption that has affected education and employment. Vocational skills-related sectors in the construction industry's formal and informal sectors were affected due to their unpreparedness and inadequate coping capacities to shocks and trends posed by the pandemic. Reliance on digital platforms and relevant skills to continue with work has exhumed existing inequalities on skills shortages, imbalances and digital competences divide in the construction industry. The study is a synthesis of literature review of secondary data extracted from different sources including journals, progress reports and other knowledge products. The study maintains that the new labour processes influenced by fourth industrial revolution advancements and COVID-19 disruptions create the need to rethink education and its relation to and our understanding of the concept of "employability" in the South African context. This calls for reskilling and upskilling to meet skills demands of the labour market and address the skills mismatch and align skills needs with the ever fluid labour trends. The study draws forward-looking recommendations to build and strengthen effective relationships between vocational skills training (public/private and workplace providers) and build strong Teachers and Higher Education

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788 6379, 2023

The Journal aims to increase research output by graduates from disadvantaged communities from various functional areas.

The Journal avails a platform for novice to experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of various research projects across various functional areas.

The Journal welcomes articles, dialogues, notes, book reviews and further comments thereon, in keeping with Editorial policy (see www.ajet.org.za).

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379, 2023

The Journal aims to increase research output by graduates from disadvantaged communities from various functional areas.

The Journal avails a platform for novice to experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of various research projects across various functional areas.

The Journal welcomes articles, dialogues, notes, book reviews and further comments thereon, in keeping with Editorial policy (see www.ajet.org.za).

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET) (ISSN 2788-6379), 2023

The Journal aims to increase research output by graduates from disadvantaged communities from various functional areas.

The Journal avails a platform for novice to experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of various research projects across various functional areas.

The Journal welcomes articles, dialogues, notes, book reviews and further comments thereon, in keeping with Editorial policy (see www.ajet.org.za).

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379 , 2022

The Journal aims to increase research output by graduates from disadvantaged communities from various functional areas.

The Journal avails a platform for novice to experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of various research projects across various functional areas.

The Journal welcomes articles, dialogues, notes, book reviews and further comments thereon, in keeping with Editorial policy (see www.ajet.org.za).

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379, 2021

The Journal publishes peer-reviewed articles, review articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, v... more The Journal publishes peer-reviewed articles, review articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, viewpoints and research results from practitioners of all grades and professions, academics and other specialists on the broad spectrum of functional areas.

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET) (ISSN 2788-6379), 2022

The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379 is an open-access, pee... more The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET), ISSN 2788-6379 is an open-access, peer reviewed and multidisciplinary bi-annual Journal offering graduate scholars the opportunity to participate in
research output. The Journal avails a platform for novice and experienced Researchers to journal detailed accounts of specific research projects. The ultimate objective is to encourage graduate Researchers to attain professional ratings by the National Research Foundation (NRF).
The Journal publishes peer-reviewed articles, review articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, viewpoints and research results from practitioners of all grades and professions, academics and other specialists on the broad
spectrum of functional areas.

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET) (ISSN 2788-6379),, 2021

The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET) is an open-access, peer-reviewed and m... more The African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET) is an open-access, peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary biannual Journal offering graduate scholars the opportunity to participate in research output to address the shift from elite to mass participation in higher education and emerging opportunities that make higher education more responsive to competing demands of SA society.

African Journal in Education & Transformation (ISSN 2788-6379), Vol 3, Edition 2, 2023

Abstract: Illegal immigration is an international phenomenon that is not unique to African states... more Abstract: Illegal immigration is an international phenomenon that is not unique to African states. Proponents of endogenous economic growth have long highlighted the cumulative value of human capital development, educational and training investments in a nation’s workforce to attain increased labour productivity, increased international, economic growth, development, improved economic competitiveness, gross domestic product and ultimately endogenous economic growth. The proliferation of illegal immigration and/or lawful migration of low-skilled migrants undermines the endogenous economic growth of host destination countries. This paper posits that any continent-wide endogenous economic growth initiatives by African governments, including the proposed free travel, migration and free travel of goods, persons and services, must be built on the foundations of the rule of law, legality and the economic development of local indigents to attain endogenous economic growth as well as the control of illegal immigration.

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), ISSN No 2788-6379, 2021

Abstract: Morale affects the well-being of employees, influencing quality of workplace performanc... more Abstract: Morale affects the well-being of employees, influencing quality of workplace performance, labour productivity of employees, quality of work life and eventually profitability of business enterprises. The Corporation whose workplace is reviewed in this study is a State Owned Entity that experienced acute operational and performance problems due to financial distress, underperformance and governance challenges after the extended closure of its medical production facility. Failure to meet organisational performance targets on a continual basis, reduction in government grants and high staff turnover due to layoffs and triggered workplace disputes. This study aims to explore factors that influence or contribute to low employee morale at the corporation. A qualitative research approach was followed using purposive random sampling across the Corporation’s workplace targeting employee Respondents across various business units, job levels, gender, race and level of experience. Data collection took place through structured, standardised and open-ended interviews with thematic and content analysis methodology utilised for data analysis. From the findings of study it becomes clear that inconsistencies in leadership styles, poor or lack of management communication of organisational objectives, poor communication between employees and management, poor treatment of employees, adverse remuneration practices as well as economic and social factors influence and contribute to low employee morale. The study recommends the implementation of employee value proposition, best-fit employee recruitment, fair and equitable reward systems, the recreation of management communication channels, introduction of leadership development programs and the creation of better workplace conditions to improve employee morale, employee job satisfaction and ultimately employee labour productivity.

African Journal of Education & Transformation (AJET) ISSN 2788-6379, 2021

This paper proposes a Marshall Plan type of sector capacity development plan to professionalise t... more This paper proposes a Marshall Plan type of sector capacity development plan to professionalise the municipal infrastructure space
to improve municipal service delivery. The paper discusses the challenges facing the municipal infrastructure space, the qualifications and experience levels of municipal Infrastrcture/ Technical Directors High as well as the benefits of professionalization namely improvement of quality standards of service delivery; compliance with statutory infrastructure service quality standards; ringfenced entry into municipal infrastructure; uniform municipal infrastructure skills requirements for various municipal categories; minimum recruitment and selection criteria for infrastructure professionals employed within the SA local government sector; enforcement of statutory provisions by statutory bodies; professional liability by professionals for professional work done; protection of South African consumers of municipal infrastructure and technical services; safe, dependable, quality standards and good value infrastructure provisioning for communities; protection of health, safety and other interests of the public in relation to technical service delivery activities undertaken by municipalities ; prohibition of unqualified, inexperienced and unregistered persons from performing technical functions in the local government sector; greater accountability by registered professionals.

Keywords: Local Municipalities, Built environment; Civil engineering, Municipal Service

African Journal in Education and Transformation (AJET), 2021

The objective of study was to identify barriers affecting professionalization among civil enginee... more The objective of study was to identify barriers affecting professionalization among civil engineers working in South African local municipalities and to quantify key predictors of job satisfaction as well as recommend policy interventional measures to promote professionalization. In assessing the barriers affecting civil engineering professionals, the study explores the assumptions behind the institutional entrepreneurship role of municipal Infrastructure / Technical Directors as public entrepreneurs in the service delivery role.

The study was conducted against the background of shortage of suitably qualified, adequately motivated and skilled civil engineers working in local municipalities. Mixed methods of data analysis were used, the design of study was cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study. As part of the quantitative aspect of study, data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 250 civil engineers working in various South African local municipalities. The degree of job satisfaction of Respondents was assessed by using a composite index developed by Turkyilmaz, Akman, Ozkan & Pastuszak (2011) for conducting a similar study.

As part of the qualitative aspect of study, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 78 civil engineers working in various local municipalities. Four focus group interviews were conducted as part of the study. Respondents who took part in the study came from municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, North West, the Free State, Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. No responses were received from local municipalities in the Northern Cape Province.

Four focus groups were used in the study in which focus groups were established in Gauteng (Pretoria), North West (Rustenburg), the Free State (Bloemfontein) and Mpumalanga (Middleburg). Data was collected by using a structured, pretested and validated questionnaire of study. Quantitative data analyses were conducted by using methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses (Pearson’s chi-square tests of associations) and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that of the 171 respondents who took part in the study (68.40%) were not satisfied with the job that they were performing in the various local municipalities, whereas 54 (31.60%) were satisfied with their jobs. Based on results obtained from cross-tab analyses at the 5% level of significance, the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by too much workload, poor working conditions, lack of budget for construction projects, low salary and remuneration, lack of training opportunities, lack of cooperation and appreciation, too much bureaucracy and red tape, short duration of service, and poor relationship with supervisors, in a decreasing order of strength.

Results obtained from binary logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by 3 factors namely high workloads, poor working conditions, and lack of budget for construction projects in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from individual and focus group in-depth interviews led to similar findings.
From the study findings, professionalization of municipal civil engineers is constrained by:-
• Lack of interest in professional registration due to a perceived lack of benefits
• Perceived lack of “power” by ECSA over unregistered engineers & municipalities employing unregistrable persons
• Little or no financial subsidy assistance provided for CPD and annual membership fees
• Appointments of underqualified, inexperienced and unregistrable “deployees”
• Compromised supply chain management (SCM) practices
• Removal of PMU and Infrastructure Asset Management functions / budgets
• Political Appointments of underqualified / inexperienced Consultants and Contractors
• Poor Support from other municipal functions
• Hostile Politicised Work Environments
• Underfunding and Low Salaries
• High costs of family relocation to rural workplaces
• Poor career growth and frustrations
• Perceived unfair recruitment and promotion Practices
• Lack of study opportunities
• Lack of functional design offices
• High Workloads and Lack of Exposure (only project management work)
• Workplace unwillingness by registered persons and municipalities to undertake compliance
• Lack of / poor respect for professional integrity and work ethics by senior municipal management and Councillors

African Journal in Education & Transformation (AJET), 2021

COVID 19 has necessitated the need for employees and employers to evaluate their readiness and fl... more COVID 19 has necessitated the need for employees and employers to evaluate their readiness and flexibility to crisis management in the 4th industrial revolution era. The pandemic has illustrated how capital intensive and digitized, the working environment may need to be. This has therefore raised questions and concerns around the human resource capacity of the South African institutions and the labour force’s competency to function in a digital economy. This study investigated the impact that exclusive telecommuting had on employee performance and also focused on measures that the company implemented to mitigate their operational risks. This topic was elected based on the current COVID19 global pandemic which has had an impact on international trade, social as well as economic conditions. Companies have been catapulted into an exclusive telecommuting working environment as opposed to the traditional office environment. This study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature especially with regards to a South African context however it would be applicable at an international level as well. The research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis of data which consisted of interviews conducted with Respondents. The results from the research indicate that employee performance has been enhanced while telecommuting and that the company has risk mitigation elements in effect but there is an opportunity for advancement of such risk factors. This paper looks at the challenges that several organisations have encountered during the pandemic regarding skills utilisation in managing and preventing the COVID 19 crisis in different areas of service delivery and how both employers as well as employees have had to cope with remote working strategies.

International Journal of Applied Science and Research, 2(4): 181-198. , 2019

The aim of study was to assess and evaluate the effect of shortage of civil engineers on the qual... more The aim of study was to assess and evaluate the effect of shortage of civil engineers on the quality of municipal service delivery in South African local municipalities. The design of study was cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative. The study was conducted against the background of shortage of suitably qualified, adequately motivated and skilled civil engineers working in local municipalities. The degree of job satisfaction of respondents was assessed by using a composite index developed by Turkyilmaz, Akman, Ozkan & Pastuszak (2011) for conducting a similar study. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study. As part of the quantitative aspect of study, data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 250 civil engineers working in various South African local municipalities. As part of the qualitative aspect of study, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with using methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses (Pearson's chi-square tests of associations) and logit analysis. The results showed that 171 of the 250 respondents who took part in the study (68.40%) were satisfied with the job that they were performing in the various local municipalities, whereas the remaining 79 of the 250 respondents in the study (31.60%) were not satisfied with their jobs. Based on results obtained from cross-tab analyses at the 5% level of significance, the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by too much workload, poor working conditions, lack of budget for construction projects, low salary and remuneration, lack of training opportunities, lack of cooperation and appreciation, too much bureaucracy and red tape, short duration of service, and poor relationship with supervisors, in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from logit analysis showed that the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by 3 factors. These 3 factors were too much workload, poor working conditions, and lack of budget for construction projects in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from individual and focus group in-depth interviews were fairly similar to those obtained from logit analysis.

Civil Engineering Journal, 2018

Civil Engineering Journal, 2017

The objective of study was to identify and quantify key predictors of job satisfaction among civi... more The objective of study was to identify and quantify key predictors of job satisfaction among civil engineers working in South African local municipalities. The design of study was cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative. The study was conducted against the background of shortage of suitably qualified, adequately motivated and skilled civil engineers working in local municipalities. The degree of job satisfaction of respondents was assessed by using a composite index developed by Turkyilmaz, Akman, Ozkan and Pastuszak (2011) for conducting a similar study. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study. As part of the quantitative aspect of study, data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 250 civil engineers working in various South African local municipalities. As part of the qualitative aspect of study, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 37 civil engineers working in various local municipalities. Four focus group interviews were conducted as part of the study. Data was collected by using a structured, pretested and validated questionnaire of study. Quantitative data analyses were conducted by using methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses (Pearson's chi-square tests of associations) and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that 171 of the 250 respondents who took part in the study (68.40%) were satisfied with the job that they were performing in the various local municipalities, whereas the remaining 79 of the 250 respondents in the study (31.60%) were not satisfied with their jobs. Based on results obtained from cross-tab analyses at the 5% level of significance, the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by too much workload, poor working conditions, lack of budget for construction projects, low salary and remuneration, lack of training opportunities, lack of cooperation and appreciation, too much bureaucracy and red tape, short duration of service, and poor relationship with supervisors, in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from binary logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by 3 factors. These 3 factors were too much workload, poor working conditions, and lack of budget for construction projects in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from individual and focus group in-depth interviews led to similar findings.