Geoffrey P. Bingham | Indiana University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Geoffrey P. Bingham
PloS one, Mar 5, 2012
Reach-to-grasp movements change quantitatively in a lawful (i.e. predictable) manner with changes... more Reach-to-grasp movements change quantitatively in a lawful (i.e. predictable) manner with changes in object properties. We explored whether altering object texture would produce qualitative changes in the form of the precontact movement patterns. Twelve participants reached to lift objects from a tabletop. Nine objects were produced, each with one of three grip surface textures (high-friction, medium-friction and low-friction) and one of three widths (50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm). Each object was placed at three distances (100 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm), representing a total of 27 trial conditions. We observed two distinct movement patterns across all trials—participants either: (i) brought their arm to a stop, secured the object and lifted it from the tabletop; or (ii) grasped the object ‘on-the-fly’, so it was secured in the hand while the arm was moving. A majority of grasps were on-the-fly when the texture was high-friction and none when the object was low-friction, with medium-friction producing an intermediate proportion. Previous research has shown that the probability of on-the-fly behaviour is a function of grasp surface accuracy constraints. A finger friction rig was used to calculate the coefficients of friction for the objects and these calculations showed that the area available for a stable grasp (the ‘functional grasp surface size’) increased with surface friction coefficient. Thus, knowledge of functional grasp surface size is required to predict the probability of observing a given qualitative form of grasping in human prehensile behaviour.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1978
Advances in Psychology, 2004
Perception and Psychophysics, Apr 1, 2008
J Vision, 2010
Abstract Reach to grasp movements (prehension) constitute one of the most ubiquitous actions perf... more Abstract Reach to grasp movements (prehension) constitute one of the most ubiquitous actions performed by humans. Virtual reality (VR) systems present computer graphics within a viewer-centred frame of reference in order to recreate the visual array. VR systems are potentially powerful tools for studying perception in prehension as they afford precise control over all visual information and allow one to perturb the information in ways that are restricted by Newtonian laws within the physical world. Nonetheless, VR systems do not appear to ...
Perception, Jan 27, 2015
Zannoli, Cass, Alais, and Mamassian (2012) found greater audiovisual lag between a tone and dispa... more Zannoli, Cass, Alais, and Mamassian (2012) found greater audiovisual lag between a tone and disparity-defined stimuli moving laterally (90-170 ms) than for disparity-defined stimuli moving in depth or luminance-defined stimuli moving laterally or in depth (50-60 ms). We tested if this increased lag presents an impediment to visually guided coordination with laterally moving objects. Participants used a joystick to move a virtual object in several constant relative phases with a laterally oscillating stimulus. Both the participant-controlled object and the target object were presented using a disparity-defined display that yielded information through changes in disparity over time (CDOT) or using a luminance-defined display that additionally provided information through monocular motion and interocular velocity differences (IOVD). Performance was comparable for both disparity-defined and luminance-defined displays in all relative phases. This suggests that, despite lag, perception of...
Human Movement Science, 2016
Previous empirical and theoretical work suggests that effective skill acquisition requires moveme... more Previous empirical and theoretical work suggests that effective skill acquisition requires movements to be generated actively and that learning new skills supports the acquisition of prospective control. However, there are many ways in which practice can be structured, that may affect the acquisition and use of prospective control after training. Here, we tested whether the progressive modulation and reduction of support during training was required to yield good performance after training without support. The task was to use a stylus to push a bead over a complex 3D wire path. The support "magnetically" attracted and held the stylus onto the wire. Three groups of adult participants each experienced one of three training regimes: gradual reduction of magnetic attraction, only a medium level of attraction, or low magnetic attraction. The results showed that use of a single (medium) level of support was significantly less effective in yielding good performance with low support after training. Training with low support yielded post-training performance that was equally good as that yielded by training with progressive reduction of support; however, performance during training was significantly poorer in the former. Thus, less support during training yields effective learning but more difficult training sessions. The results are discussed in the context of application to training with special populations.
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, Jan 14, 2016
In 2 experiments, the current study explored how affordances structure throwing for long distance... more In 2 experiments, the current study explored how affordances structure throwing for long distance and accuracy. In Experiment 1, 10 expert throwers (from baseball, softball, and cricket) threw regulation tennis balls to hit a vertically oriented 4 ft × 4 ft target placed at each of 9 locations (3 distances × 3 heights). We measured their release parameters (angle, speed, and height) and showed that they scaled their throws in response to changes in the target's location. We then simulated the projectile motion of the ball and identified a continuous subspace of release parameters that produce hits to each target location. Each subspace describes the affordance of our target to be hit by a tennis ball moving in a projectile motion to the relevant location. The simulated affordance spaces showed how the release parameter combinations required for hits changed with changes in the target location. The experts tracked these changes in their performance and were successful in hitting ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010
The Dependence of Braking Strategies on Optical Variables in an Evolved Model of Visually-Guided ... more The Dependence of Braking Strategies on Optical Variables in an Evolved Model of Visually-Guided Braking Didem Kadihasanoglu1, Randall D. Beer1,2, and Geoffrey P. Bingham1,3 ... In: Almeida e Costa, F., Rocha, LM, Costa, E., Harvey, I., Coutinho, A. (eds.) ECAL ...
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, Aug 1, 2010
Bingham, Schmidt, & Rosenblum, (1... more Bingham, Schmidt, & Rosenblum, (1989) showed that people are able to select, by hefting balls, the optimal weight for each size ball to be thrown farthest. We now investigate function learning and smart mechanisms as hypotheses about how this affordance is perceived. Twenty-four unskilled adult throwers learned to throw by practicing with a subset of balls that would only allow acquisition of the ability to perceive the affordance if hefting acts as a smart mechanism to provide access to a single information variable that specifies the affordance. Participants hefted 48 balls of different sizes and weights and judged throwability. Then, participants, assigned to one of four groups, practiced throwing (three groups with vision and one without) for a month using different subsets of balls. Finally, hefting and throwing were tested again with all the balls. The results showed: (1) inability to detect throwability before practice, (2) throwing improved with practice, and (3) participants learned to perceive the affordance, but only with visual feedback. These results indicated that the affordance is perceived using a smart mechanism acquired while learning to throw.
Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers, 1990
Ecological Psychology, Oct 28, 2014
J Exp Psychol Hum Percep Perf, 1999
PloS one, Mar 5, 2012
Reach-to-grasp movements change quantitatively in a lawful (i.e. predictable) manner with changes... more Reach-to-grasp movements change quantitatively in a lawful (i.e. predictable) manner with changes in object properties. We explored whether altering object texture would produce qualitative changes in the form of the precontact movement patterns. Twelve participants reached to lift objects from a tabletop. Nine objects were produced, each with one of three grip surface textures (high-friction, medium-friction and low-friction) and one of three widths (50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm). Each object was placed at three distances (100 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm), representing a total of 27 trial conditions. We observed two distinct movement patterns across all trials—participants either: (i) brought their arm to a stop, secured the object and lifted it from the tabletop; or (ii) grasped the object ‘on-the-fly’, so it was secured in the hand while the arm was moving. A majority of grasps were on-the-fly when the texture was high-friction and none when the object was low-friction, with medium-friction producing an intermediate proportion. Previous research has shown that the probability of on-the-fly behaviour is a function of grasp surface accuracy constraints. A finger friction rig was used to calculate the coefficients of friction for the objects and these calculations showed that the area available for a stable grasp (the ‘functional grasp surface size’) increased with surface friction coefficient. Thus, knowledge of functional grasp surface size is required to predict the probability of observing a given qualitative form of grasping in human prehensile behaviour.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1978
Advances in Psychology, 2004
Perception and Psychophysics, Apr 1, 2008
J Vision, 2010
Abstract Reach to grasp movements (prehension) constitute one of the most ubiquitous actions perf... more Abstract Reach to grasp movements (prehension) constitute one of the most ubiquitous actions performed by humans. Virtual reality (VR) systems present computer graphics within a viewer-centred frame of reference in order to recreate the visual array. VR systems are potentially powerful tools for studying perception in prehension as they afford precise control over all visual information and allow one to perturb the information in ways that are restricted by Newtonian laws within the physical world. Nonetheless, VR systems do not appear to ...
Perception, Jan 27, 2015
Zannoli, Cass, Alais, and Mamassian (2012) found greater audiovisual lag between a tone and dispa... more Zannoli, Cass, Alais, and Mamassian (2012) found greater audiovisual lag between a tone and disparity-defined stimuli moving laterally (90-170 ms) than for disparity-defined stimuli moving in depth or luminance-defined stimuli moving laterally or in depth (50-60 ms). We tested if this increased lag presents an impediment to visually guided coordination with laterally moving objects. Participants used a joystick to move a virtual object in several constant relative phases with a laterally oscillating stimulus. Both the participant-controlled object and the target object were presented using a disparity-defined display that yielded information through changes in disparity over time (CDOT) or using a luminance-defined display that additionally provided information through monocular motion and interocular velocity differences (IOVD). Performance was comparable for both disparity-defined and luminance-defined displays in all relative phases. This suggests that, despite lag, perception of...
Human Movement Science, 2016
Previous empirical and theoretical work suggests that effective skill acquisition requires moveme... more Previous empirical and theoretical work suggests that effective skill acquisition requires movements to be generated actively and that learning new skills supports the acquisition of prospective control. However, there are many ways in which practice can be structured, that may affect the acquisition and use of prospective control after training. Here, we tested whether the progressive modulation and reduction of support during training was required to yield good performance after training without support. The task was to use a stylus to push a bead over a complex 3D wire path. The support "magnetically" attracted and held the stylus onto the wire. Three groups of adult participants each experienced one of three training regimes: gradual reduction of magnetic attraction, only a medium level of attraction, or low magnetic attraction. The results showed that use of a single (medium) level of support was significantly less effective in yielding good performance with low support after training. Training with low support yielded post-training performance that was equally good as that yielded by training with progressive reduction of support; however, performance during training was significantly poorer in the former. Thus, less support during training yields effective learning but more difficult training sessions. The results are discussed in the context of application to training with special populations.
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, Jan 14, 2016
In 2 experiments, the current study explored how affordances structure throwing for long distance... more In 2 experiments, the current study explored how affordances structure throwing for long distance and accuracy. In Experiment 1, 10 expert throwers (from baseball, softball, and cricket) threw regulation tennis balls to hit a vertically oriented 4 ft × 4 ft target placed at each of 9 locations (3 distances × 3 heights). We measured their release parameters (angle, speed, and height) and showed that they scaled their throws in response to changes in the target's location. We then simulated the projectile motion of the ball and identified a continuous subspace of release parameters that produce hits to each target location. Each subspace describes the affordance of our target to be hit by a tennis ball moving in a projectile motion to the relevant location. The simulated affordance spaces showed how the release parameter combinations required for hits changed with changes in the target location. The experts tracked these changes in their performance and were successful in hitting ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010
The Dependence of Braking Strategies on Optical Variables in an Evolved Model of Visually-Guided ... more The Dependence of Braking Strategies on Optical Variables in an Evolved Model of Visually-Guided Braking Didem Kadihasanoglu1, Randall D. Beer1,2, and Geoffrey P. Bingham1,3 ... In: Almeida e Costa, F., Rocha, LM, Costa, E., Harvey, I., Coutinho, A. (eds.) ECAL ...
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, Aug 1, 2010
Bingham, Schmidt, & Rosenblum, (1... more Bingham, Schmidt, & Rosenblum, (1989) showed that people are able to select, by hefting balls, the optimal weight for each size ball to be thrown farthest. We now investigate function learning and smart mechanisms as hypotheses about how this affordance is perceived. Twenty-four unskilled adult throwers learned to throw by practicing with a subset of balls that would only allow acquisition of the ability to perceive the affordance if hefting acts as a smart mechanism to provide access to a single information variable that specifies the affordance. Participants hefted 48 balls of different sizes and weights and judged throwability. Then, participants, assigned to one of four groups, practiced throwing (three groups with vision and one without) for a month using different subsets of balls. Finally, hefting and throwing were tested again with all the balls. The results showed: (1) inability to detect throwability before practice, (2) throwing improved with practice, and (3) participants learned to perceive the affordance, but only with visual feedback. These results indicated that the affordance is perceived using a smart mechanism acquired while learning to throw.
Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers, 1990
Ecological Psychology, Oct 28, 2014
J Exp Psychol Hum Percep Perf, 1999