Gunther Jikeli | Indiana University (original) (raw)

Books by Gunther Jikeli

Antisemitismus in der Migrationsgesellschaft Theoretische Überlegungen, Empirische Fallbeispiele, Pädagogische Praxis, 2020

Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantra... more Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantrag auf Asyl stellten, sind individuell und nach Herkunft höchst unterschiedlich.
Die mit Abstand meisten Anträge stellten in diesem Zeitraum Personen aus Syrien (34 Prozent), Afghanistan (12 Prozent) und dem Irak (10 Prozent). Von den syrischen Geflüchteten sind 29 Prozent Kurden und 91,5 Prozent muslimischer Herkunft.
SyrerInnen stellen heute in Deutschland nach TürkInnen und PolInnen die drittgrößte Bevölkerungsgruppe mit ausländischem Pass.4 Aufgrund der andauernden Kriege und Konflikte, der Zerstörung ganzer Stadtteile und Dörfer in den Herkunftsländern sowie der besseren Lebensperspektiven in Deutschland ist davon auszugehen, dass ein Großteil, vielleicht die Mehrheit der Geflüchteten, auf absehbare Zeit in Deutschland bleiben wird.
Es ist unstrittig, dass antisemitische Vorstellungen in Syrien, Irak und anderen Ländern des Nahen Ostens sowie Nordafrika (MENA) weit verbreitet sind. Umfragen zeigen, dass die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung antisemitischen Statements zustimmt. In vielen dieser Länder geben über 90 Prozent an, eine negative Meinung über Juden zu haben.
Es lassen sich sechs Einflussfaktoren erkennen: eine antisemitische Norm im gesellschaftlichen oder sozialen Umfeld im Herkunftsland; Propaganda im Herkunftsland, einschließlich der Schulbildung; alte und neue Medien, in denen insbesondere internationales antisemitisches „Kulturgut“ wie „Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion“ und ähnliche Verschwörungsphantasien verbreitet werden; ein Palästinensismus, der per Identifikation mit PalästinenserInnen eine automatische Feindschaft gegen Israel und Juden verbindet; eine panarabische Ideologie mit dem Feindbild eines zionistischen Imperialismus sowie Auslegungen des Islam, die Juden zu Feinden des Islam erklären. Die Versatzstücke antisemitischer Ideologien bilden ein Potenzial für antisemitische Handlungen, die bei einer Radikalisierung oder politischen Betätigung mobilisiert werden könnten.

Das neue Unbehagen. Antisemitismus in Deutschland heute, 2019

Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialisti... more Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen und der noch immer in der Bevölkerung anzutreffenden christlich-antijüdischen Stereotype nicht zuerst an muslimische Judenfeindschaft. Tatsächlich ist der Antisemitismus unter Muslimen nur ein Teil des aktuellen Problems, wie auch dieser Band deutlich zeigt. Doch seit dem Wiederanstieg von antisemitischen Vorfällen seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts konnte in Deutschland, und mehr noch in Frankreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Großbritannien beobachtet werden, dass eine wachsende Zahl der Täter Muslime sind. Djihadisten ermorden Juden sogar explizit im Namen des Islams.

OLMS, 2019

Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wiede... more Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wieder Juden beleidigt, angegriffen oder sogar getötet. Auch in Deutschland häufen sich seit Jahren die Negativerfahrungen. Hassmails, Beschimpfungen, Vandalismus und die Bedrohung jüdischer Kinder an öffentlichen Schulen verunsichern die jüdische Gemeinschaft, mit fatalen Folgen: Ein Teil der Menschen zieht sich ins Private zurück und möchte nicht mehr als jüdisch wahrgenommen werden. Andere denken sogar an Auswanderung. Das neue Unbehagen sitzt tief, auch wenn manche Politiker sich für solidarisch erklären.
Was hat den Hass und die Abneigung gegenüber Juden in Deutschland so spürbar verstärkt? Zwölf Experten und Akteure gehen in diesem Band Ursachen für den Wiederanstieg des Antisemitismus nach. Sie scheuen sich nicht, kontroverse Themen aufzugreifen und antisemitische Potentiale zu benennen –egal ob in rechtsextremen, linksradikalen oder islamistischen Milieus, oder in von entsprechenden Weltanschauungen beeinflussten Personenkreisen, die weit in die Mitte der Gesellschaft reichen.
Ein Buch mit erschreckenden Befunden, aber auch Beispielen resoluter zivilgesellschaftlicher Gegenwehr.

The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation... more The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.

Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknow... more Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknowledged as such. Looking for insights into the views and rationales of young Muslims toward Jews, Günther Jikeli and his colleagues interviewed 117 ordinary Muslim men in London (chiefly of South Asian background), Paris (chiefly North African), and Berlin (chiefly Turkish). The researchers sought information about stereotypes of Jews, arguments used to support hostility toward Jews, the role played by the Middle East conflict and Islamist ideology in perceptions of Jews, the possible sources of antisemitic views, and, by contrast, what would motivate Muslims to actively oppose antisemitism. They also learned how the men perceive discrimination and exclusion as well as their own national identification. This study is rich in qualitative data that will mark a significant step along the path toward a better understanding of contemporary antisemitism in Europe.

"A valuable work of sociological research in a highly topical area of great relevance. By embracing a de-essentializing perspective, Jikeli helps the reader to understand the phenomenon in its full scope and makes it a useful tool for policy makers, educators, religious scholars, social workers, and sociologists." —Alejandro Baer, University of Minnesota

Studies in Antisemitism
360 pp., 7 b&w illus.
cloth 978-0-253-01518-1 $35.00 / £24.99
ebook 978-0-253-01525-9 $34.99 / £24.99

Book presentations scheduled:
March 31, New York, ISGAP Center, 6pm
April 1, New Haven, Yale University, 5pm
April 3, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, noon
April 13, Paris, EPHE, 6pm
(Please contact the author for more information: g.jikeli@gmail.com)

More information at:
http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/807416

Customers outside the US:
Indiana University Press is marketed by Combined Academic Publishers in Continental Europe, the UK, Ireland, Africa, and the Middle East. Visit CAP’s website for more information: http://www.combinedacademic.co.uk

Abstract in English and German: Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – o... more Abstract in English and German:

Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – one of Hitler’s “Vergeltungs- und Wunderwaffen,” and with Wernher von Braun, who became a famous NASA rocket scientist later in life. However, thousands of prisoners of war, “civil workers,” and concentration camp prisoners were forced to work for the V2 program at the Army Research Center and for the V1 at the Luftwaffe Test Site in Peenemunde. Engineers such as von Braun were directly responsible for the employment and living conditions of slave laborers. This fact has been obscured for decades by a series of myths. These myths highlight technical achievements and ignore the crimes that were committed in the process. The Peenemunde Test Sites were a microcosm of the national socialist community in the service of the “Totaler Krieg,” as well as being the place of suffering and death for thousands of slave laborers. The authors of this volume provide a detailed examination of the history of Peenemunde beyond the history of its technological advancements. They explore the perspectives of victims as well as the distorted perceptions of Peenemunde and slave labor in the long post-war period. Different forms of remembrance and ways of dealing with the past of such “perpetrator sites” are also discussed.

Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der „V2“ und der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. In Peenemünde wurden jedoch Tausende Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V2 in der Heeresversuchsanstalt und an der V1 in der Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe gezwungen. Dies wurde jahrzehntelang verschleiert durch Mythen, die an einer Überbetonung der technischen Leistungen unter Ausblendung der Verbrechen interessiert waren.
Die Peenemünder Versuchsanstalten waren sowohl ein Mikrokosmos nationalsozialistischer Gemeinschaftsbildung
im Dienste des totalen Krieges, als auch Leidens- und Todesstätte zahlreicher Zwangsarbeiter. Peenemünde ist deshalb auch Gedenkort.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes beleuchten detailreich die Geschichte Peenemündes jenseits der Technikgeschichte, Perspektiven der Opfer, verzerrte Wahrnehmungen in der langen
Nachkriegszeit und den Umgang heute mit der Geschichte der Zwangsarbeit an diesem und anderen Täterorten."

The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation... more The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgment and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.

In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust, explore the backgrounds of biased perceptions but also highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences.

This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust in Europe are not limited to Muslim communities.

The authors include: Joëlle Allouche-Benayoun, George Bensoussan, Juliane Wetzel, Michael Whine, Esther Webman, Rıfat N. Bali, Philip Spencer, Sara Valentina di Palma, Evelien Gans, Günther Jikeli, Monique Eckmann, Remco Ensel, Annemarike Stremmelaar, Mehmet Can, Karoline Georg and Ruth Hatlapa.

A free preview is available. For review copies, the table of contents and further information see

http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/religious+studies/book/978-94-007-5306-8""

Papers by Gunther Jikeli

Cités/Cités, Jun 4, 2024

L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sai... more L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après avoir supprimé toutes ses autres œuvres de son site web. Et en effet, le massacre, pour la description duquel les mots sont difficiles à trouver, mais aussi l’absence de condamnation et les nombreuses relativisations de l’événement font douter de l’existence d’une chose telle que « l’humanité ». Les réactions dans certaines universités américaines ont été particulièrement choquantes. Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.

Journal of computational social science, Mar 11, 2024

Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re ... more Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality of gold standard corpora. While measuring inter-annotator reliability has become standard practice, and research has been conducted on the annotators themselves and their possible influence on the annotation process, reflections on the annotation tools often remain neglected in descriptions of gold standard productions. Many social media posts are short and require more context to understand their meaning, which only the live environment can provide. However, most annotation tools work with offline data. We test a specially designed tool for live data annotation, including an experiment with 80 annotators. The tool is user-friendly for annotators, does not require any command line usage or installations, and reduces errors in the annotation process. It is time efficient in the annotation process, and efficient and transparent in collecting the data from the annotation.

Cités, 2024

L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sai... more L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après avoir supprimé toutes ses autres œuvres de son site web. Et en effet, le massacre, pour la description duquel les mots sont difficiles à trouver, mais aussi l’absence de condamnation et les nombreuses relativisations de l’événement font douter de l’existence d’une chose telle que « l’humanité ». Les réactions dans certaines universités américaines ont été particulièrement choquantes.

Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.

Vol.:(0123456789) Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 2022

Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities... more Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It is, therefore, necessary to get a picture of the scope and nature of antisemitism on social media. However, identifying antisemitic messages in large datasets is not trivial and more work is needed in this area. In this paper, we present and describe an annotated dataset that can be used to train tweet classifiers. We first explain how we created our dataset and approached identifying antisemitic content by experts. We then describe the annotated data, where 11% of conversations about Jews (January 2019-August 2020) and 13% of conversations about Israel (January-August 2020) were labeled antisemitic. Another important finding concerns lexical differences across queries and labels. We find that antisemitic content often relates to conspiracies of Jewish global dominance, the Middle East conflict, and the Holocaust.

Journal of Computational Social Science

Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re ... more Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality of gold standard corpora. While measuring inter-annotator reliability has become standard practice, and research has been conducted on the annotators themselves and their possible influence on the annotation process, reflections on the annotation tools often remain neglected in descriptions of gold standard productions. Many social media posts are short and require more context to understand their meaning, which only the live environment can provide. However, most annotation tools work with offline data. We test a specially designed tool for live data annotation, including an experiment with 80 annotators. The tool is user-friendly for annotators, does not require any command line usage or installations, and reduces errors in the annotation process. It is time efficient in the annotation process, and efficient and transparent in collecting the data from the annotation.

De Gruyter eBooks, Oct 8, 2018

Hermann eBooks, Nov 16, 2022

De Gruyter eBooks, Sep 11, 2015

Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while an... more Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while anti-Semitism is still virulent within both movements in Germany, today, anti-Semitism often takes indirect forms. In the case of the extreme Right, it is frequently embedded in revisionist positions on the Second World War. Islamists in Germany, on the other hand, voice anti-Semitic positions with references to Israel, anti-Jewish excerpts from Islamic scripture, and hostile attitudes towards Western societies in the context of an alleged "war against Islam." Explicit anti-Semitic hate messages are often transmitted in music and the social media. Cooperation between the two movements is marginal. However, as some examples show, similarities in anti-Semitic views can be found. Furthermore, Jewish communities face terrorist threats from radicals of the extreme Right and Islamists. The extreme Right and Islamists are not isolated from mainstream society; similar attitudes are widespread, and exist beyond the membership of organizations associated with extreme Right and Political Islam. It comes to no surprise that anti-Semitism is deeply rooted both in the extreme Right and among Islamists. Both ideological movements have a long tradition of anti-Semitism, and it has been argued that anti-Semitism is an intrinsic part of the extreme Right and Islamism.1 Any examination comparing of anti-Semitism among the extreme Right and Islamists in Germany raise a number of questions. How is anti-Semitism manifested today among each, and what are the similarities and differences between them? How much influence do such groups have on mainstream society? The extreme Right and radical Islamists, by definition, operate on the fringes of society, however, the relationship between the margins and the mainstream is complicated. Although flagrant anti-Semitism is most notable on the extreme Right and among radical Islamists, anti-Semitic sentiment is manifested in all segments of society.

Antisemitismus in der Migrationsgesellschaft Theoretische Überlegungen, Empirische Fallbeispiele, Pädagogische Praxis, 2020

Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantra... more Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantrag auf Asyl stellten, sind individuell und nach Herkunft höchst unterschiedlich.
Die mit Abstand meisten Anträge stellten in diesem Zeitraum Personen aus Syrien (34 Prozent), Afghanistan (12 Prozent) und dem Irak (10 Prozent). Von den syrischen Geflüchteten sind 29 Prozent Kurden und 91,5 Prozent muslimischer Herkunft.
SyrerInnen stellen heute in Deutschland nach TürkInnen und PolInnen die drittgrößte Bevölkerungsgruppe mit ausländischem Pass.4 Aufgrund der andauernden Kriege und Konflikte, der Zerstörung ganzer Stadtteile und Dörfer in den Herkunftsländern sowie der besseren Lebensperspektiven in Deutschland ist davon auszugehen, dass ein Großteil, vielleicht die Mehrheit der Geflüchteten, auf absehbare Zeit in Deutschland bleiben wird.
Es ist unstrittig, dass antisemitische Vorstellungen in Syrien, Irak und anderen Ländern des Nahen Ostens sowie Nordafrika (MENA) weit verbreitet sind. Umfragen zeigen, dass die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung antisemitischen Statements zustimmt. In vielen dieser Länder geben über 90 Prozent an, eine negative Meinung über Juden zu haben.
Es lassen sich sechs Einflussfaktoren erkennen: eine antisemitische Norm im gesellschaftlichen oder sozialen Umfeld im Herkunftsland; Propaganda im Herkunftsland, einschließlich der Schulbildung; alte und neue Medien, in denen insbesondere internationales antisemitisches „Kulturgut“ wie „Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion“ und ähnliche Verschwörungsphantasien verbreitet werden; ein Palästinensismus, der per Identifikation mit PalästinenserInnen eine automatische Feindschaft gegen Israel und Juden verbindet; eine panarabische Ideologie mit dem Feindbild eines zionistischen Imperialismus sowie Auslegungen des Islam, die Juden zu Feinden des Islam erklären. Die Versatzstücke antisemitischer Ideologien bilden ein Potenzial für antisemitische Handlungen, die bei einer Radikalisierung oder politischen Betätigung mobilisiert werden könnten.

Das neue Unbehagen. Antisemitismus in Deutschland heute, 2019

Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialisti... more Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen und der noch immer in der Bevölkerung anzutreffenden christlich-antijüdischen Stereotype nicht zuerst an muslimische Judenfeindschaft. Tatsächlich ist der Antisemitismus unter Muslimen nur ein Teil des aktuellen Problems, wie auch dieser Band deutlich zeigt. Doch seit dem Wiederanstieg von antisemitischen Vorfällen seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts konnte in Deutschland, und mehr noch in Frankreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Großbritannien beobachtet werden, dass eine wachsende Zahl der Täter Muslime sind. Djihadisten ermorden Juden sogar explizit im Namen des Islams.

OLMS, 2019

Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wiede... more Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wieder Juden beleidigt, angegriffen oder sogar getötet. Auch in Deutschland häufen sich seit Jahren die Negativerfahrungen. Hassmails, Beschimpfungen, Vandalismus und die Bedrohung jüdischer Kinder an öffentlichen Schulen verunsichern die jüdische Gemeinschaft, mit fatalen Folgen: Ein Teil der Menschen zieht sich ins Private zurück und möchte nicht mehr als jüdisch wahrgenommen werden. Andere denken sogar an Auswanderung. Das neue Unbehagen sitzt tief, auch wenn manche Politiker sich für solidarisch erklären.
Was hat den Hass und die Abneigung gegenüber Juden in Deutschland so spürbar verstärkt? Zwölf Experten und Akteure gehen in diesem Band Ursachen für den Wiederanstieg des Antisemitismus nach. Sie scheuen sich nicht, kontroverse Themen aufzugreifen und antisemitische Potentiale zu benennen –egal ob in rechtsextremen, linksradikalen oder islamistischen Milieus, oder in von entsprechenden Weltanschauungen beeinflussten Personenkreisen, die weit in die Mitte der Gesellschaft reichen.
Ein Buch mit erschreckenden Befunden, aber auch Beispielen resoluter zivilgesellschaftlicher Gegenwehr.

The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation... more The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.

Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknow... more Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknowledged as such. Looking for insights into the views and rationales of young Muslims toward Jews, Günther Jikeli and his colleagues interviewed 117 ordinary Muslim men in London (chiefly of South Asian background), Paris (chiefly North African), and Berlin (chiefly Turkish). The researchers sought information about stereotypes of Jews, arguments used to support hostility toward Jews, the role played by the Middle East conflict and Islamist ideology in perceptions of Jews, the possible sources of antisemitic views, and, by contrast, what would motivate Muslims to actively oppose antisemitism. They also learned how the men perceive discrimination and exclusion as well as their own national identification. This study is rich in qualitative data that will mark a significant step along the path toward a better understanding of contemporary antisemitism in Europe.

"A valuable work of sociological research in a highly topical area of great relevance. By embracing a de-essentializing perspective, Jikeli helps the reader to understand the phenomenon in its full scope and makes it a useful tool for policy makers, educators, religious scholars, social workers, and sociologists." —Alejandro Baer, University of Minnesota

Studies in Antisemitism
360 pp., 7 b&w illus.
cloth 978-0-253-01518-1 $35.00 / £24.99
ebook 978-0-253-01525-9 $34.99 / £24.99

Book presentations scheduled:
March 31, New York, ISGAP Center, 6pm
April 1, New Haven, Yale University, 5pm
April 3, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, noon
April 13, Paris, EPHE, 6pm
(Please contact the author for more information: g.jikeli@gmail.com)

More information at:
http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/807416

Customers outside the US:
Indiana University Press is marketed by Combined Academic Publishers in Continental Europe, the UK, Ireland, Africa, and the Middle East. Visit CAP’s website for more information: http://www.combinedacademic.co.uk

Abstract in English and German: Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – o... more Abstract in English and German:

Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – one of Hitler’s “Vergeltungs- und Wunderwaffen,” and with Wernher von Braun, who became a famous NASA rocket scientist later in life. However, thousands of prisoners of war, “civil workers,” and concentration camp prisoners were forced to work for the V2 program at the Army Research Center and for the V1 at the Luftwaffe Test Site in Peenemunde. Engineers such as von Braun were directly responsible for the employment and living conditions of slave laborers. This fact has been obscured for decades by a series of myths. These myths highlight technical achievements and ignore the crimes that were committed in the process. The Peenemunde Test Sites were a microcosm of the national socialist community in the service of the “Totaler Krieg,” as well as being the place of suffering and death for thousands of slave laborers. The authors of this volume provide a detailed examination of the history of Peenemunde beyond the history of its technological advancements. They explore the perspectives of victims as well as the distorted perceptions of Peenemunde and slave labor in the long post-war period. Different forms of remembrance and ways of dealing with the past of such “perpetrator sites” are also discussed.

Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der „V2“ und der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. In Peenemünde wurden jedoch Tausende Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V2 in der Heeresversuchsanstalt und an der V1 in der Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe gezwungen. Dies wurde jahrzehntelang verschleiert durch Mythen, die an einer Überbetonung der technischen Leistungen unter Ausblendung der Verbrechen interessiert waren.
Die Peenemünder Versuchsanstalten waren sowohl ein Mikrokosmos nationalsozialistischer Gemeinschaftsbildung
im Dienste des totalen Krieges, als auch Leidens- und Todesstätte zahlreicher Zwangsarbeiter. Peenemünde ist deshalb auch Gedenkort.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes beleuchten detailreich die Geschichte Peenemündes jenseits der Technikgeschichte, Perspektiven der Opfer, verzerrte Wahrnehmungen in der langen
Nachkriegszeit und den Umgang heute mit der Geschichte der Zwangsarbeit an diesem und anderen Täterorten."

The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation... more The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgment and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.

In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust, explore the backgrounds of biased perceptions but also highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences.

This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust in Europe are not limited to Muslim communities.

The authors include: Joëlle Allouche-Benayoun, George Bensoussan, Juliane Wetzel, Michael Whine, Esther Webman, Rıfat N. Bali, Philip Spencer, Sara Valentina di Palma, Evelien Gans, Günther Jikeli, Monique Eckmann, Remco Ensel, Annemarike Stremmelaar, Mehmet Can, Karoline Georg and Ruth Hatlapa.

A free preview is available. For review copies, the table of contents and further information see

http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/religious+studies/book/978-94-007-5306-8""

Cités/Cités, Jun 4, 2024

L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sai... more L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après avoir supprimé toutes ses autres œuvres de son site web. Et en effet, le massacre, pour la description duquel les mots sont difficiles à trouver, mais aussi l’absence de condamnation et les nombreuses relativisations de l’événement font douter de l’existence d’une chose telle que « l’humanité ». Les réactions dans certaines universités américaines ont été particulièrement choquantes. Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.

Journal of computational social science, Mar 11, 2024

Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re ... more Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality of gold standard corpora. While measuring inter-annotator reliability has become standard practice, and research has been conducted on the annotators themselves and their possible influence on the annotation process, reflections on the annotation tools often remain neglected in descriptions of gold standard productions. Many social media posts are short and require more context to understand their meaning, which only the live environment can provide. However, most annotation tools work with offline data. We test a specially designed tool for live data annotation, including an experiment with 80 annotators. The tool is user-friendly for annotators, does not require any command line usage or installations, and reduces errors in the annotation process. It is time efficient in the annotation process, and efficient and transparent in collecting the data from the annotation.

Cités, 2024

L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sai... more L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après avoir supprimé toutes ses autres œuvres de son site web. Et en effet, le massacre, pour la description duquel les mots sont difficiles à trouver, mais aussi l’absence de condamnation et les nombreuses relativisations de l’événement font douter de l’existence d’une chose telle que « l’humanité ». Les réactions dans certaines universités américaines ont été particulièrement choquantes.

Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.

Vol.:(0123456789) Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 2022

Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities... more Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It is, therefore, necessary to get a picture of the scope and nature of antisemitism on social media. However, identifying antisemitic messages in large datasets is not trivial and more work is needed in this area. In this paper, we present and describe an annotated dataset that can be used to train tweet classifiers. We first explain how we created our dataset and approached identifying antisemitic content by experts. We then describe the annotated data, where 11% of conversations about Jews (January 2019-August 2020) and 13% of conversations about Israel (January-August 2020) were labeled antisemitic. Another important finding concerns lexical differences across queries and labels. We find that antisemitic content often relates to conspiracies of Jewish global dominance, the Middle East conflict, and the Holocaust.

Journal of Computational Social Science

Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re ... more Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality of gold standard corpora. While measuring inter-annotator reliability has become standard practice, and research has been conducted on the annotators themselves and their possible influence on the annotation process, reflections on the annotation tools often remain neglected in descriptions of gold standard productions. Many social media posts are short and require more context to understand their meaning, which only the live environment can provide. However, most annotation tools work with offline data. We test a specially designed tool for live data annotation, including an experiment with 80 annotators. The tool is user-friendly for annotators, does not require any command line usage or installations, and reduces errors in the annotation process. It is time efficient in the annotation process, and efficient and transparent in collecting the data from the annotation.

De Gruyter eBooks, Oct 8, 2018

Hermann eBooks, Nov 16, 2022

De Gruyter eBooks, Sep 11, 2015

Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while an... more Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while anti-Semitism is still virulent within both movements in Germany, today, anti-Semitism often takes indirect forms. In the case of the extreme Right, it is frequently embedded in revisionist positions on the Second World War. Islamists in Germany, on the other hand, voice anti-Semitic positions with references to Israel, anti-Jewish excerpts from Islamic scripture, and hostile attitudes towards Western societies in the context of an alleged "war against Islam." Explicit anti-Semitic hate messages are often transmitted in music and the social media. Cooperation between the two movements is marginal. However, as some examples show, similarities in anti-Semitic views can be found. Furthermore, Jewish communities face terrorist threats from radicals of the extreme Right and Islamists. The extreme Right and Islamists are not isolated from mainstream society; similar attitudes are widespread, and exist beyond the membership of organizations associated with extreme Right and Political Islam. It comes to no surprise that anti-Semitism is deeply rooted both in the extreme Right and among Islamists. Both ideological movements have a long tradition of anti-Semitism, and it has been argued that anti-Semitism is an intrinsic part of the extreme Right and Islamism.1 Any examination comparing of anti-Semitism among the extreme Right and Islamists in Germany raise a number of questions. How is anti-Semitism manifested today among each, and what are the similarities and differences between them? How much influence do such groups have on mainstream society? The extreme Right and radical Islamists, by definition, operate on the fringes of society, however, the relationship between the margins and the mainstream is complicated. Although flagrant anti-Semitism is most notable on the extreme Right and among radical Islamists, anti-Semitic sentiment is manifested in all segments of society.

Klartext eBooks, Jun 7, 2012

... Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa (2012) 340.Antisemi... more ... Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa (2012) 340.Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa. Gunther Jikeli 1. (07/06/2012). 1 : Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités (GSRL). ...

... Ursprünglich eine Institution für internationale Wahlbeobachtung. Einhaltung der OSZE-Verpfli... more ... Ursprünglich eine Institution für internationale Wahlbeobachtung. Einhaltung der OSZE-Verpflichtungen aus Korb III. ... Probleme Russland missfällt die aktuelle Entwicklung des Aufgaben-und Handlungsbereiches der OSZE. ...

Being Jewish in 21st-Century Germany, 2015

Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while an... more Anti-Semitism has long been a part of the extreme Right and Islamist movements. However, while anti-Semitism is still virulent within both movements in Germany, today, anti-Semitism often takes indirect forms. In the case of the extreme Right, it is frequently embedded in revisionist positions on the Second World War. Islamists in Germany, on the other hand, voice anti-Semitic positions with references to Israel, anti-Jewish excerpts from Islamic scripture, and hostile attitudes towards Western societies in the context of an alleged "war against Islam." Explicit anti-Semitic hate messages are often transmitted in music and the social media. Cooperation between the two movements is marginal. However, as some examples show, similarities in anti-Semitic views can be found. Furthermore, Jewish communities face terrorist threats from radicals of the extreme Right and Islamists. The extreme Right and Islamists are not isolated from mainstream society; similar attitudes are widespread, and exist beyond the membership of organizations associated with extreme Right and Political Islam. It comes to no surprise that anti-Semitism is deeply rooted both in the extreme Right and among Islamists. Both ideological movements have a long tradition of anti-Semitism, and it has been argued that anti-Semitism is an intrinsic part of the extreme Right and Islamism.1 Any examination comparing of anti-Semitism among the extreme Right and Islamists in Germany raise a number of questions. How is anti-Semitism manifested today among each, and what are the similarities and differences between them? How much influence do such groups have on mainstream society? The extreme Right and radical Islamists, by definition, operate on the fringes of society, however, the relationship between the margins and the mainstream is complicated. Although flagrant anti-Semitism is most notable on the extreme Right and among radical Islamists, anti-Semitic sentiment is manifested in all segments of society.

Antisemitism Studies, 2024

The paper will be published in the October 2024 issue (volume 8, issue 2) of Antisemitism Studies... more The paper will be published in the October 2024 issue (volume 8, issue 2) of Antisemitism Studies. Günther Jikeli The Universal and The Particular: 10/7 and Its Aftermath Challenges the Very Concept of Humanity "Humanityyyyyy, we certainly could use a little bit of it. Since the attack of Hamas, I no longer know what this is supposed to be," wrote Elfriede Jelinek, winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize for Literature after deleting all her other work from her website. And indeed, the massacre itself, which can hardly be put into words, as well as the lack of condemnation in its aftermath, the many relativizations of what happened, and the two-sideism blaming both Hamas and Israel, put into serious question whether there is even such a thing as common humanity.

CARS Working Papers, 2024

Anhand von 33 Umfragen aus 15 europäischen Ländern und den USA wird die Frage untersucht, ob Anti... more Anhand von 33 Umfragen aus 15 europäischen Ländern und den USA wird die Frage untersucht, ob Antisemitismus unter Muslim:innen in westlichen Ländern besonders stark verbreitet ist. Alle Umfragen bestätigen, dass Antisemitismus unter Muslim:innen deutlich weiter verbreitet ist und oft um ein Vielfaches höher liegt als in der Gesamtbevölkerung. Demografische und sozioökonomische Faktoren können diese Unterschiede nicht erklären, wohl aber Variationen innerhalb der Gruppe der Muslim:innen. Die Zustimmungswerte zu antisemitischen Aussagen schwanken je nach Erhebungsdesign und Fragestellung, liegen aber in den meisten Erhebungen zwischen 30 und 50 Prozent. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass für einen großen Teil der Muslim:innen, wenn auch längst nicht für alle, antisemitische Interpretationen zur Norm im sozialen Umfeld gehören. Dies birgt nicht nur ein erhöhtes Risiko der Umsetzung antisemitischer Einstellungen in Handlungen, sondern auch eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für islamistisches Gedankengut, das Antisemitismus mit einer politisch aufgeladenen islamischen Identität verbindet.

arXiv (Cornell University), Apr 27, 2023

One of the major challenges in automatic hate speech detection is the lack of datasets that cover... more One of the major challenges in automatic hate speech detection is the lack of datasets that cover a wide range of biased and unbiased messages and that are consistently labeled. We propose a labeling procedure that addresses some of the common weaknesses of labeled datasets. We focus on antisemitic speech on Twitter and create a labeled dataset of 6,941 tweets that cover a wide range of topics common in conversations about Jews, Israel, and antisemitism between January 2019 and December 2021 by drawing from representative samples with relevant keywords. Our annotation process aims to strictly apply a commonly used definition of antisemitism by forcing annotators to specify which part of the definition applies, and by giving them the option to personally disagree with the definition on a case-by-case basis. Labeling tweets that call out antisemitism, report antisemitism, or are otherwise related to antisemitism (such as the Holocaust) but are not actually antisemitic can help reduce false positives in automated detection. The dataset includes 1,250 tweets (18%) that are antisemitic according to the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) definition of antisemitism. It is important to note, however, that the dataset is not comprehensive. Many topics are still not covered, and it only includes tweets collected from Twitter between January 2019 and December 2021. Additionally, the dataset only includes tweets that were written in English. Despite these limitations, we hope that this is a meaningful contribution to improving the automated detection of antisemitic speech.

Journal of Computational Social Science, 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in research on hate speech on social media. Ho... more In recent years, there has been a growing interest in research on hate speech on social media. However, researchers face many challenges in producing meaningful results and must develop innovative methods to keep pace with the rapidly evolving nature of this field. How can we effectively determine the prevalence of specific types of hate speech on a given platform? What approaches can we employ to assess whether there has been an increase or decrease in content that can be classified as hate speech? Using the context of Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter, a period characterized by media reports suggesting a surge in antisemitism on the platform, we explore a range of qualitative and quantitative computational methods. Our analysis reveals that, starting from October 9, 2022, the usage of the term "Jews" on Twitter nearly doubled compared to the preceding period. Additionally, there was a sudden spike in the use of the term "K***s." However, the question arises: how indicative are these trends of a rise in antisemitism on that platform? We demonstrate that relying solely on keyword-based timelines can be misleading. Nevertheless, when utilized alongside corroborating timelines incorporating additional keywords identified through word frequency analysis, they can serve as powerful tools for content estimation. Nonetheless, it is crucial to supplement these approaches with interpretative methods to validate assumptions based on timelines. By employing a triangulation of methods encompassing descriptive analysis, such as timelines, word and retweet frequency analysis, and manual interpretation and labeling of representative samples, we uncover that discussions about Jews on Twitter during a turbulent 5-week period were predominantly centered around antisemitism. However, these discussions took various forms, including expressing concerns about the increase in antisemitism, denouncing antisemitism, remembering the Holocaust, refuting accusations of antisemitism, and even promoting antisemitic ideologies. We observe a significant escalation in both the volume and the proportion of antisemitic tropes within these conversations, particularly evident in late October 2022. This increase can be attributed to three triggering events that might have been overlooked when Extended author information available on the last page of the article Journal of Computational Social Science 1 3 drawing conclusions solely from a simplistic timeline analysis of the term "Jews" or targeted slurs. In conclusion, we advocate for a mixed-methods approach where quantitative computational tools are complemented by qualitative discourse analysis. This combination is essential for comprehensively examining trends in complex content such as hate speech. Additionally, the integration of "manual" observation and labeling of representative data samples proves particularly valuable for distinguishing between instances of hate speech and the act of calling out such speech.

Hermann eBooks, Nov 16, 2022

Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der V2 sowie der Name Wernher v... more Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der V2 sowie der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. Die Faszination für Technik und das Hinwegsehen über die Verbrechen von Ingenieuren im Dienste der Nationalsozialisten ließen Mythen von angeblichen Errungenschaften und positiven Seiten der nationalsozialistischen Rüstungsindustrie gedeihen. Inzwischen kann nachgewiesen werden, dass Ingenieure wie Wernher von Braun direkt für das System der Zwangsarbeit mitverantwortlich waren.

Auf Usedom selbst wurden 10-12.000 Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V1 und V2 gezwungen. Hinzu kamen etwa 40.000 Zwangsarbeiter, die an der V2 an anderen Standorten, vor allem in Mittelbau-Dora, arbeiten mussten.

Folgende Fragen stehen an diesem Abend zur Diskussion:
Weshalb wurde das Thema Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde lange ausgeblendet? Welche Entwicklungen gibt es in Forschung und öffentlicher Wahrnehmung? Wie ist das Thema eingebettet in die Erinnerungslandschaft im deutsch-polnischen Grenzgebiet?

Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung

Begrüßung: Dr. Christine Glauning (Berlin), Frederic Werner (Schwerin)

Buchvorstellung: Dr. Günther Jikeli (Bloomington)

G. Jikeli / F. Werner für die die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Hrsg.): Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung, Schwerin: 2014

Podiumsteilnehmer: Prof. Dr. Rainer Eisfeld (Osnabrück), Prof. Dr. Bernd Faulenbach (Bochum), Andrzej Kotula (Stettin), Dr. Philipp Aumann (Peenemünde)

Moderation: Volker Hobrack (Berlin)

Turkish PM Erdogan’s paranoia and authoritarianism in domestic politics as well as his leaning to... more Turkish PM Erdogan’s paranoia and authoritarianism in domestic politics as well as his leaning towards radical Islam and support of radical Islamist groups are embedded in his antisemitic world views. His obsession with Jews and Israel meets increasingly widespread opinions in Turkish society. The consequences of antisemitism from the highest level of government are felt in Turkish society, Jewish communities, Israel, and international relations in the Middle East in general.

Le Monde , 2018

La haine des juifs n’est pas propre aux musulmans, mais elle est particulièrement répandue chez l... more La haine des juifs n’est pas propre aux musulmans, mais elle est particulièrement répandue chez les Français de cette confession, explique
l’universitaire Gunther Jikeli (Le Monde 25 avril 2018)

Responses to 7 October: Universities , 2024

What does humanity even mean after the 7th of October? 'Humanityyyyyy, we certainly could use a l... more What does humanity even mean after the 7th of October? 'Humanityyyyyy, we certainly could use a little bit of it. Since the attack of Hamas, I no longer know what this is supposed to be,' writes Elfriede Jelinek, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature after deleting all her other work from her website. And indeed, the massacre, which can hardly be put into words, as well as the lack of condemnation in its aftermath and the many relativizations of what happened, put into serious question whether there is even such a thing as a common humanity. The reactions at some American universities were particularly shocking. Already on October 7, students at Harvard, one of America's most elite universities, came together to express their unreserved solidarity with the Palestinians. 'We […] hold the Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence,' they began in a statement drafted by the Palestine Solidarity Committee and co-signed by 33 other campus organizations. '[T]he massacres in Gaza have already commenced […]. The apartheid regime is the only one to blame. Israeli violence has structured every aspect of Palestinian existence for 75 years […]. The coming days will require a firm stand against colonial retaliation. We call on the Harvard community to take action to stop the ongoing annihilation of Palestinians,' it continued, all on October 7, mind you. 2 Not a word about Hamas, which makes no secret of its murderous and uncompromising fight against the Jews. 3 But all the keywords of the anticolonial struggle were there. Israel was accused of apartheid and the annihilation of the Palestinians, and this on the day Hamas carried out a pogrom that can be described as genocide according to the definition of the UN Genocide Convention. 4 A crazy exception and a slip-up? After a public outcry, including among potential employers of prospective junior lawyers, especially large law firms, and a doxing campaign that published the names of the signatories, some cosignatories distanced themselves from the statement. Just a few days later, however, Brown University's Students for Justice in Palestine group released a very similar statement, co-signed by 50 groups. 'We, the undersigned, hold 7 68 Günther Jikeli the Israeli regime and its allies unequivocally responsible for all suffering and loss of life, Palestinian or Israeli,' it read and pledged 'solidarity with Palestinian resistance against Israeli occupation.' 5 In other words, support for Hamas. Demonstrations of 'resistance' took place at many universities in the week after the massacre. On October 12, five days after the mass killings, Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) called for 'resistance' rallies at universities, and many followed their lead. In their published toolkit, the national SJP organization celebrated the 'surprise operation against the Zionist enemy' and emphasized that 'settlers are not 'civilians' in the sense of international law, because they are military assets used to ensure continued control over stolen Palestinian land.' 6 A second round of organized student protests took place on 25 October. There were antisemitic incidents. 7 Not only could the antisemitic call for ethnic cleansing, 'Palestine will be free, from the river to the sea' be heard and read, but Jewish students were also physically harassed and threatened in some places. Protesters at the Cooper Union in New York, who chanted 'Free Palestine,' banged on locked library doors behind which Jewish students had to hide. At a protest at New York University, two students were seen holding signs reading 'Keep the world clean,' alongside a drawing of a Star of David in a trash can. At the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Students for Democratic Society called for a strike and emphasized in statements on social media that 'Zionism has no place on our campus' and used the hashtag '#ZionismOffCampus.' Students at George Washington University projected 'Glory To Our Martyrs' and 'Free Palestine from the river to the sea' on the outside walls of the university library. 8 Students from the University of North Carolina called on the university to boycott all Israeli companies and 'companies that have supported Israel.' 9 Others staged a boycott of Starbucks and McDonald's for what they said was company support of Israel. 10 A speaker at the University of Washington explained, 'We don't want Israel to exist. We don't want these Zionist counter-protesters to exist.' 11 A speech was also given at the University of Minnesota that explicitly called for the destruction of Israel. 'We must have as the aim the destruction of the imperialist Zionist regime for a successful intifada.' To which the crowd chanted: 'Intifada until victory! There is only one solution: Intifada, revolution.' 12 At Cornell University, a mentally disturbed student was charged with threatening to kill Jewish students in a kosher restaurant, which consequently had to close temporarily. In online messages, he threatened to 'stab' and 'slit the throat' of any Jewish males he sees on campus, to rape and throw off a cliff any Jewish females, to behead any Jewish babies, and to 'bring an assault rifle to campus and shoot all you pig jews.' 13 At some universities, an antizionist mob emerged that threatened to turn violent against Jews at any moment. Posters with pictures of the hostages kidnapped by Hamas were often graffitied or torn down. The fact that Israelis are still victims and are threatened

Antisemitism Today and Tomorrow: Global Perspectives on the Many Faces of Contemporary Antisemitism, 2018

T he vast majority of Muslims in Europe are immigrants, or descendants of immigrants, who settled... more T he vast majority of Muslims in Europe are immigrants, or descendants of immigrants, who settled in Europe after World War II, coming mainly from North African countries, Turkey, and South Asia. Together with other immigrants, they came to work in the growing Western European economies during the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s; they were joined by their families, and later, others arrived as refugees. The recent wave of refugees since 2014 has brought many Muslims from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq to European countries. 1 Out of the European Union's present population of 510 million, about 22 million, including the recent wave of refugees, are Muslim. Two-thirds live in France (5 million), Germany (6 million), and the * I would like to thank Roni Stauber and Beryl Belsky for their careful reading of different versions of the manuscript and their thoughtful and constructive suggestions and comments. Some of the findings on discrimination against Muslims were published in Günther