Paul M. Pedersen | Indiana University (original) (raw)

Books by Paul M. Pedersen

Lead author (Paul Pedersen). Strategic Sport Communication, Second Edition, explores the sport in... more Lead author (Paul Pedersen). Strategic Sport Communication, Second Edition, explores the sport industry’s exciting and multifaceted segment of sport communication. With communication theory, sport literature, and insight from the industry’s leading professionals, the text presents a standard framework that introduces readers to the many ways in which individuals, media outlets, and sport organizations work to create, disseminate, and manage messages to their constituents.

The team of international authors has drawn on its extensive practical, academic, and leadership experiences to update and revitalize this second edition of Strategic Sport Communication. Using the industry-defining standard of the Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM), the text explores sport communication in depth and then frames the three major components of the field: personal and organizational communication, sport media, and sport communication services and support. Readers will discover how each aspect of this segment of the sport industry is integral to the management, marketing, and operational goals at all levels of sport organizations.

This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of ... more This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of sport communication. It explores communication within, through, and for sport in all its theoretical, conceptual, cultural, behavourial, practical and managerial aspects, tracing the contours of this expansive, transdisciplinary and international discipline and demonstrating that there are few aspects of contemporary sport that don’t rely on effective communications.

Including contributions from leading sport media and communications scholars and professionals from around the world, the book examines emerging (new and social) media, traditional (print, broadcast and screen) media, sociological themes in communication in sport, and management issues, at every level, from the interpersonal to communication within and between sport organisations and global institutions. Taking stock of current research, new ideas and key issues, this book is an essential reference for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in sport communication, sport business, sport management, sport marketing, communication theory, journalism, or media studies.

This textbook provides students with an overview of sport management by presenting extensive disc... more This textbook provides students with an overview of sport management by presenting extensive discussions of the foundational aspects of the profession and current topics from the field. This thoroughly revised edition brings enhanced content to students with a full-color format and an integrated online study guide. The text also discusses the significance of sport as an international social institution. Students will learn the relevance of sociological, cultural, historical, political, psychological, and legal concepts to the management of sport; the necessary professional skills and attitudes of sport managers; and ways in which the globalization of sport continues to affect sport management professions.

This is the first text that encompasses the vast, varied, and exciting field of sport communicati... more This is the first text that encompasses the vast, varied, and exciting field of sport communication. Using communication theory and sport literature, and drawing on the authors’ own rich experiences as sport communication professionals, Strategic Sport Communication introduces readers to all aspects of the sport communication industry and how each is integral to the management, marketing, and operational goals of sport organizations at all levels. Using their Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM), the authors outline the process of sport communication and categorize its various aspects into three major components: personal and organizational communication, sport mass media, and sport communication services and support. The SSCM provides the first conception of sport communication as a distinct discipline and gives readers a thorough understanding of sport communicaton and its impact in the world of sport. Students will explore the many careers in the industry and discover how sport organizations can use their knowledge for greater success.

Across six decades at Howard College, West Virginia University, and Florida State University, Coa... more Across six decades at Howard College, West Virginia University, and Florida State University, Coach Bobby Bowden won a total of 389 games (including 12 vacated wins) and touched the lives of all those around him. With style and grace he accumulated his victories, which during one stretch resulted in the unfathomable accomplishment of at least 10 wins a season for 15 consecutive years. Inside the pages of this book, readers will discover how Bowden won and what players he used to secure each of his first 332 coaching victories. From his first unnoticed conquest in 1959 through triumphs attended by tens of thousands and covered by a media throng, this is the account of how he did it, win by win.

"The rapidly growing urban audience of the late nineteenth-century made the sport of baseball a b... more "The rapidly growing urban audience of the late nineteenth-century made the sport of baseball a booming entertainment business. As the amateur baseball clubs evolved into professional teams, cities without franchises began to want to host a piece of this new commercial venture. Baseball’s inside ring of team owners, however, soon capitalized on this phenomenon when it limited the number of clubs in the professional leagues and kept as many individuals as possible away from the inner sanctum of the enterprise. Before 1953, the Major League baseball map consisted of sixteen closely clustered and unmoveable clubs situated in the Northeast and Midwest. Throughout the first half of the twentieth-century, baseball refused to move teams or expand its ranks to cities that requested franchises. This attitude changed when baseball allowed the relocation of five teams in the fifties and the expansion of ten franchises in the sixties and seventies. Although Major League baseball would later expand two more times, it put a stop to all relocation efforts after Texas captured the Washington Senators in 1972.

Therefore, with only minimal upheaval, the baseball proprietors kept alive the artificial scarcity that they had created nearly a century before. Any movement in baseball happened in order for the sport to enter new growth markets, to cure legal and political entanglements created by earlier franchise relocations and to provide a source of immediate capital from expansion fees for the established clubs. Even after the expansion of 1977, there still existed more cities wishing to host a franchise than there were clubs available. In the late seventies and eighties, virtually every metropolis that did not have a team aggressively pursued the right to house professional baseball. These cities believed that an investment in a franchise would help establish physical, social and economic health. This quest for sporting dollars placed urban regions in direct competition with themselves and with centers throughout the country. The intense rivalry of this intercity competition involved cities building or renovating stadiums in record numbers with little chance of actually attracting a baseball club. The emerging sprawling metropolises of the Sunbelt, with population explosions from Florida to Arizona, represented the most aggressive cities.

The quest to build the first Major League baseball stadium in Florida most poignantly exemplifies this urban sporting rivalry. Beginning in 1976 and lasting for over a decade, sports enthusiasts watched in amazement as Tampa Bay’s two prominent cities battled for this prized possession. Although the past had continually proven that Tampa could steal substantial undertakings from its cross-bay rival, St. Petersburg boosters resolved to reverse this trend. They believed that a baseball stadium and its accompanying team would be the visible signs of economic and social rejuvenation that their downtown needed. These civic leaders, determined to see this endeavor succeed, eventually labored for nearly twenty years and risked lawsuits, public opinion and political careers to build the stadium and obtain a baseball franchise. St. Petersburg, consistent with its previous approaches to major projects, launched the Tampa Bay movement to construct the area’s first Major League baseball stadium. Throughout the initial six years, the city slowly moved forward with the preliminary work of this endeavor, unimpeded and unchallenged by its rival metropolis across the bay. When Tampa did finally enter the stadium race in 1982, it could not convince St. Petersburg to step aside and concede the contest. The stadium battle between these two metropolises raged on until St. Petersburg, after it cleared every imaginable hurdle, began the construction of its 43,000-seat multipurpose sports facility. Finally in 1988, after six years of intense urban rivalry, Tampa yielded St. Petersburg the rights to the region’s first baseball stadium. For the next seven years, these two previously competitive cross-bay cities worked harmoniously together until they brought Major League baseball to Tampa Bay."

Papers by Paul M. Pedersen

The Youth Olympic Games, 2014

Through the content analytic method, this chapter examines the external and internal media covera... more Through the content analytic method, this chapter examines the external and internal media coverage devoted to the two inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) events in 2010 and 2012. The conceptualized dimensions of media salience in agenda setting research was employed in the study, as mainstream external media (newspaper) and internal new media outlets were examined to determine the amount and type of coverage devoted to the YOG. There have been numerous studies of the media coverage of the Olympics, the chapter presents the first examination of the media and social media coverage of the YOG. The mass media coverage included all articles published as provided through a Youth Olympic Games key word search on Lexis Nexis. The social media coverage included all posts on the official YOG Facebook page and all the tweets posted on the official YOG Twitter account. This has the potential to impact several global sport stakeholders including sport participants, sport governing bodies, and the Olympic Games.

Journal of Contemporary Athletics, 2013

IntroductionWhile the S&P 500 lost 32% of its value from 2007-2009, the programs of the National ... more IntroductionWhile the S&P 500 lost 32% of its value from 2007-2009, the programs of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) gained a total holding period return of 8.4%. Because the FBS is now a multi-billion dollar industry (White, 2011), these returns translate into millions of dollars in profits, similar in proportion to the recent financial success enjoyed by National Football League (NFL) franchises (Gratton & Solberg, 2007). Overall, Walsh and Giulianotti (2001) found that sports in general within North America were increasingly commercialized throughout the 1990's. In confirming such findings, Ziets and Haber (2008) noted the professional teams' improving cash flow reflected by Forbes ' sport franchise valuations, which reported an annual mean growth rate of 11.7% over the period 1991 through 2006. Ziets and Haber also discussed how North American sports properties are typically valued using Price/Eamings (P/E) or ...

Research into Twitter in a sports-centric context has largely focused on content producers and/or... more Research into Twitter in a sports-centric context has largely focused on content producers and/or those who compose and publish tweets. Research into these producers and the content they produce includes examinations of individual athletes (Blair & Sanderson, 2012; Danylchuk, 2012; Hambrick, Simmons, Greenhalgh, & Greenwall, 2010), teams (Price, Farrington, & Hall, 2013), and sport organizations (Campos, Anagnostopoulos, & Chadwick, 2013). This study attempts to differentiate itself by looking at the followers of individual athletes and what they expect from those athletes on Twitter.

International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 2020

Journal of Sport Management, 2009

While the impact of sexual harassment in the workplace has been well documented, little sexual ha... more While the impact of sexual harassment in the workplace has been well documented, little sexual harassment research has been conducted focusing on the women who work in the sport industry. This study explored the extent to which female sport print media professionals (i.e., sports editors, sportswriters, sports columnists) were subjected to sexually harassing behaviors in the workplace. Of the women who participated in the study (N = 112), over half of the participants indicated that they had encountered some form of sexual harassment over the 12 months before participating in the study. The perpetrators included their immediate supervisors, coworkers, members of the sport media, athletes, and employees of sport organizations. The study also identified the forms of sexual harassment encountered and attitudes toward harassment in the workplace. Suggestions on how to prevent harassment toward women in the sport industry are discussed.

"This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipli... more "This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of sport communication. It explores communication within, through, and for sport in all its theoretical, conceptual, cultural, behavourial, practical and managerial aspects, tracing the contours of this expansive, transdisciplinary and international discipline and demonstrating that there are few aspects of contemporary sport that don’t rely on effective communications. Including contributions from leading sport media and communications scholars and professionals from around the world, the book examines emerging (new and social) media, traditional (print, broadcast and screen) media, sociological themes in communication in sport, and management issues, at every level, from the interpersonal to communication within and between sport organisations and global institutions. Taking stock of current research, new ideas and key issues, this book is an essential reference for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in sport communication, sport business, sport management, sport marketing, communication theory, journalism, or media studies. "

Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 2013

Although advertising theorists have suggested that for maximum effectiveness the type of message ... more Although advertising theorists have suggested that for maximum effectiveness the type of message appeal needs to match the type of service offered (i.e., a rational advertisement message appeal is more effective for a utilitarian service; an emotional advertisement message approach is suitable for a hedonic service), empirical inquiry in the area of advertising for services has produced contradictory evidence. After considering the limitations of previous research, this study utilized a series of mixed experimental designs to examine the moderating role of the type of sport service and personality trait (i.e., sensation seeking) on the relationship between the type of advertisement message and the consumers' emotional responses. The mixed measures ANCOVA results revealed that sensation seeking fails to show a moderating effect between the type of message appeal and participants' emotional responses. However, sport service type moderates the effect of the advertising message on the participants' emotional responses, indicating that the proper usage of advertising message strategies might improve the effectiveness of advertising for the service segment of the sport industry.

IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences), 2011

International Journal of Sport Communication, 2011

Sociology of Sport Journal, 2002

While research has documented the mass media’s biased coverage of sportswomen in most levels of a... more While research has documented the mass media’s biased coverage of sportswomen in most levels of athletic participation, no study has yet determined if under-representation and trivialization of females occur at the interscholastic level. This content analysis, in investigating the amount and type of newspaper coverage given to female and male high school athletics, sought to fill this void. Over a 1-year timeframe, 602 issues were randomly selected from 43 daily newspapers. This sample produced 1792 articles that fit the study’s codebook. The articles revealed that female athletics, even when compared to three independent standards (gender breakdowns of school enrollment, participation rates, and number of sports offered), was significantly under-represented in both number of articles and total column inches. Male athletics not only received significantly more written coverage, but its articles were also more likely to be better positioned and have photographic accompaniment than th...

To my best friend, Jennifer, and our four beautiful treasures, Hallie, Zack, Brock, and Carlie Pa... more To my best friend, Jennifer, and our four beautiful treasures, Hallie, Zack, Brock, and Carlie Paul M. Pedersen To my husband, Matt, for your love and friendship and for your endless patience and encouragement KimberlyS. Miloch To my parents, Kenneth and Marie Laucella, for ...

Journal of Sport Management, 2012

The current study sought to identify the effect of team identification on brand attitude and purc... more The current study sought to identify the effect of team identification on brand attitude and purchase intention in terms of team logo changes. Doubly Multivariate Analysis of repeated measures, 2 (logo change: original and redesigned logo) × 3 (team identification: high, moderate, and low), was conducted on attitude toward the brand and purchase intention of team-logoed merchandise. The results showed that there were significant differences between fans with high identification and fans with low identification. The findings of this study can be beneficial for both sport industry practitioners and marketing scholars by providing an understanding of brand attitude and purchase intention related to new redesigned logos based upon different levels of team identification.

Lead author (Paul Pedersen). Strategic Sport Communication, Second Edition, explores the sport in... more Lead author (Paul Pedersen). Strategic Sport Communication, Second Edition, explores the sport industry’s exciting and multifaceted segment of sport communication. With communication theory, sport literature, and insight from the industry’s leading professionals, the text presents a standard framework that introduces readers to the many ways in which individuals, media outlets, and sport organizations work to create, disseminate, and manage messages to their constituents.

The team of international authors has drawn on its extensive practical, academic, and leadership experiences to update and revitalize this second edition of Strategic Sport Communication. Using the industry-defining standard of the Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM), the text explores sport communication in depth and then frames the three major components of the field: personal and organizational communication, sport media, and sport communication services and support. Readers will discover how each aspect of this segment of the sport industry is integral to the management, marketing, and operational goals at all levels of sport organizations.

This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of ... more This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of sport communication. It explores communication within, through, and for sport in all its theoretical, conceptual, cultural, behavourial, practical and managerial aspects, tracing the contours of this expansive, transdisciplinary and international discipline and demonstrating that there are few aspects of contemporary sport that don’t rely on effective communications.

Including contributions from leading sport media and communications scholars and professionals from around the world, the book examines emerging (new and social) media, traditional (print, broadcast and screen) media, sociological themes in communication in sport, and management issues, at every level, from the interpersonal to communication within and between sport organisations and global institutions. Taking stock of current research, new ideas and key issues, this book is an essential reference for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in sport communication, sport business, sport management, sport marketing, communication theory, journalism, or media studies.

This textbook provides students with an overview of sport management by presenting extensive disc... more This textbook provides students with an overview of sport management by presenting extensive discussions of the foundational aspects of the profession and current topics from the field. This thoroughly revised edition brings enhanced content to students with a full-color format and an integrated online study guide. The text also discusses the significance of sport as an international social institution. Students will learn the relevance of sociological, cultural, historical, political, psychological, and legal concepts to the management of sport; the necessary professional skills and attitudes of sport managers; and ways in which the globalization of sport continues to affect sport management professions.

This is the first text that encompasses the vast, varied, and exciting field of sport communicati... more This is the first text that encompasses the vast, varied, and exciting field of sport communication. Using communication theory and sport literature, and drawing on the authors’ own rich experiences as sport communication professionals, Strategic Sport Communication introduces readers to all aspects of the sport communication industry and how each is integral to the management, marketing, and operational goals of sport organizations at all levels. Using their Strategic Sport Communication Model (SSCM), the authors outline the process of sport communication and categorize its various aspects into three major components: personal and organizational communication, sport mass media, and sport communication services and support. The SSCM provides the first conception of sport communication as a distinct discipline and gives readers a thorough understanding of sport communicaton and its impact in the world of sport. Students will explore the many careers in the industry and discover how sport organizations can use their knowledge for greater success.

Across six decades at Howard College, West Virginia University, and Florida State University, Coa... more Across six decades at Howard College, West Virginia University, and Florida State University, Coach Bobby Bowden won a total of 389 games (including 12 vacated wins) and touched the lives of all those around him. With style and grace he accumulated his victories, which during one stretch resulted in the unfathomable accomplishment of at least 10 wins a season for 15 consecutive years. Inside the pages of this book, readers will discover how Bowden won and what players he used to secure each of his first 332 coaching victories. From his first unnoticed conquest in 1959 through triumphs attended by tens of thousands and covered by a media throng, this is the account of how he did it, win by win.

"The rapidly growing urban audience of the late nineteenth-century made the sport of baseball a b... more "The rapidly growing urban audience of the late nineteenth-century made the sport of baseball a booming entertainment business. As the amateur baseball clubs evolved into professional teams, cities without franchises began to want to host a piece of this new commercial venture. Baseball’s inside ring of team owners, however, soon capitalized on this phenomenon when it limited the number of clubs in the professional leagues and kept as many individuals as possible away from the inner sanctum of the enterprise. Before 1953, the Major League baseball map consisted of sixteen closely clustered and unmoveable clubs situated in the Northeast and Midwest. Throughout the first half of the twentieth-century, baseball refused to move teams or expand its ranks to cities that requested franchises. This attitude changed when baseball allowed the relocation of five teams in the fifties and the expansion of ten franchises in the sixties and seventies. Although Major League baseball would later expand two more times, it put a stop to all relocation efforts after Texas captured the Washington Senators in 1972.

Therefore, with only minimal upheaval, the baseball proprietors kept alive the artificial scarcity that they had created nearly a century before. Any movement in baseball happened in order for the sport to enter new growth markets, to cure legal and political entanglements created by earlier franchise relocations and to provide a source of immediate capital from expansion fees for the established clubs. Even after the expansion of 1977, there still existed more cities wishing to host a franchise than there were clubs available. In the late seventies and eighties, virtually every metropolis that did not have a team aggressively pursued the right to house professional baseball. These cities believed that an investment in a franchise would help establish physical, social and economic health. This quest for sporting dollars placed urban regions in direct competition with themselves and with centers throughout the country. The intense rivalry of this intercity competition involved cities building or renovating stadiums in record numbers with little chance of actually attracting a baseball club. The emerging sprawling metropolises of the Sunbelt, with population explosions from Florida to Arizona, represented the most aggressive cities.

The quest to build the first Major League baseball stadium in Florida most poignantly exemplifies this urban sporting rivalry. Beginning in 1976 and lasting for over a decade, sports enthusiasts watched in amazement as Tampa Bay’s two prominent cities battled for this prized possession. Although the past had continually proven that Tampa could steal substantial undertakings from its cross-bay rival, St. Petersburg boosters resolved to reverse this trend. They believed that a baseball stadium and its accompanying team would be the visible signs of economic and social rejuvenation that their downtown needed. These civic leaders, determined to see this endeavor succeed, eventually labored for nearly twenty years and risked lawsuits, public opinion and political careers to build the stadium and obtain a baseball franchise. St. Petersburg, consistent with its previous approaches to major projects, launched the Tampa Bay movement to construct the area’s first Major League baseball stadium. Throughout the initial six years, the city slowly moved forward with the preliminary work of this endeavor, unimpeded and unchallenged by its rival metropolis across the bay. When Tampa did finally enter the stadium race in 1982, it could not convince St. Petersburg to step aside and concede the contest. The stadium battle between these two metropolises raged on until St. Petersburg, after it cleared every imaginable hurdle, began the construction of its 43,000-seat multipurpose sports facility. Finally in 1988, after six years of intense urban rivalry, Tampa yielded St. Petersburg the rights to the region’s first baseball stadium. For the next seven years, these two previously competitive cross-bay cities worked harmoniously together until they brought Major League baseball to Tampa Bay."

The Youth Olympic Games, 2014

Through the content analytic method, this chapter examines the external and internal media covera... more Through the content analytic method, this chapter examines the external and internal media coverage devoted to the two inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) events in 2010 and 2012. The conceptualized dimensions of media salience in agenda setting research was employed in the study, as mainstream external media (newspaper) and internal new media outlets were examined to determine the amount and type of coverage devoted to the YOG. There have been numerous studies of the media coverage of the Olympics, the chapter presents the first examination of the media and social media coverage of the YOG. The mass media coverage included all articles published as provided through a Youth Olympic Games key word search on Lexis Nexis. The social media coverage included all posts on the official YOG Facebook page and all the tweets posted on the official YOG Twitter account. This has the potential to impact several global sport stakeholders including sport participants, sport governing bodies, and the Olympic Games.

Journal of Contemporary Athletics, 2013

IntroductionWhile the S&P 500 lost 32% of its value from 2007-2009, the programs of the National ... more IntroductionWhile the S&P 500 lost 32% of its value from 2007-2009, the programs of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) gained a total holding period return of 8.4%. Because the FBS is now a multi-billion dollar industry (White, 2011), these returns translate into millions of dollars in profits, similar in proportion to the recent financial success enjoyed by National Football League (NFL) franchises (Gratton & Solberg, 2007). Overall, Walsh and Giulianotti (2001) found that sports in general within North America were increasingly commercialized throughout the 1990's. In confirming such findings, Ziets and Haber (2008) noted the professional teams' improving cash flow reflected by Forbes ' sport franchise valuations, which reported an annual mean growth rate of 11.7% over the period 1991 through 2006. Ziets and Haber also discussed how North American sports properties are typically valued using Price/Eamings (P/E) or ...

Research into Twitter in a sports-centric context has largely focused on content producers and/or... more Research into Twitter in a sports-centric context has largely focused on content producers and/or those who compose and publish tweets. Research into these producers and the content they produce includes examinations of individual athletes (Blair & Sanderson, 2012; Danylchuk, 2012; Hambrick, Simmons, Greenhalgh, & Greenwall, 2010), teams (Price, Farrington, & Hall, 2013), and sport organizations (Campos, Anagnostopoulos, & Chadwick, 2013). This study attempts to differentiate itself by looking at the followers of individual athletes and what they expect from those athletes on Twitter.

International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 2020

Journal of Sport Management, 2009

While the impact of sexual harassment in the workplace has been well documented, little sexual ha... more While the impact of sexual harassment in the workplace has been well documented, little sexual harassment research has been conducted focusing on the women who work in the sport industry. This study explored the extent to which female sport print media professionals (i.e., sports editors, sportswriters, sports columnists) were subjected to sexually harassing behaviors in the workplace. Of the women who participated in the study (N = 112), over half of the participants indicated that they had encountered some form of sexual harassment over the 12 months before participating in the study. The perpetrators included their immediate supervisors, coworkers, members of the sport media, athletes, and employees of sport organizations. The study also identified the forms of sexual harassment encountered and attitudes toward harassment in the workplace. Suggestions on how to prevent harassment toward women in the sport industry are discussed.

"This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipli... more "This handbook offers a fully comprehensive and in-depth survey of the contemporary discipline of sport communication. It explores communication within, through, and for sport in all its theoretical, conceptual, cultural, behavourial, practical and managerial aspects, tracing the contours of this expansive, transdisciplinary and international discipline and demonstrating that there are few aspects of contemporary sport that don’t rely on effective communications. Including contributions from leading sport media and communications scholars and professionals from around the world, the book examines emerging (new and social) media, traditional (print, broadcast and screen) media, sociological themes in communication in sport, and management issues, at every level, from the interpersonal to communication within and between sport organisations and global institutions. Taking stock of current research, new ideas and key issues, this book is an essential reference for any advanced student, researcher or practitioner with an interest in sport communication, sport business, sport management, sport marketing, communication theory, journalism, or media studies. "

Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 2013

Although advertising theorists have suggested that for maximum effectiveness the type of message ... more Although advertising theorists have suggested that for maximum effectiveness the type of message appeal needs to match the type of service offered (i.e., a rational advertisement message appeal is more effective for a utilitarian service; an emotional advertisement message approach is suitable for a hedonic service), empirical inquiry in the area of advertising for services has produced contradictory evidence. After considering the limitations of previous research, this study utilized a series of mixed experimental designs to examine the moderating role of the type of sport service and personality trait (i.e., sensation seeking) on the relationship between the type of advertisement message and the consumers' emotional responses. The mixed measures ANCOVA results revealed that sensation seeking fails to show a moderating effect between the type of message appeal and participants' emotional responses. However, sport service type moderates the effect of the advertising message on the participants' emotional responses, indicating that the proper usage of advertising message strategies might improve the effectiveness of advertising for the service segment of the sport industry.

IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences), 2011

International Journal of Sport Communication, 2011

Sociology of Sport Journal, 2002

While research has documented the mass media’s biased coverage of sportswomen in most levels of a... more While research has documented the mass media’s biased coverage of sportswomen in most levels of athletic participation, no study has yet determined if under-representation and trivialization of females occur at the interscholastic level. This content analysis, in investigating the amount and type of newspaper coverage given to female and male high school athletics, sought to fill this void. Over a 1-year timeframe, 602 issues were randomly selected from 43 daily newspapers. This sample produced 1792 articles that fit the study’s codebook. The articles revealed that female athletics, even when compared to three independent standards (gender breakdowns of school enrollment, participation rates, and number of sports offered), was significantly under-represented in both number of articles and total column inches. Male athletics not only received significantly more written coverage, but its articles were also more likely to be better positioned and have photographic accompaniment than th...

To my best friend, Jennifer, and our four beautiful treasures, Hallie, Zack, Brock, and Carlie Pa... more To my best friend, Jennifer, and our four beautiful treasures, Hallie, Zack, Brock, and Carlie Paul M. Pedersen To my husband, Matt, for your love and friendship and for your endless patience and encouragement KimberlyS. Miloch To my parents, Kenneth and Marie Laucella, for ...

Journal of Sport Management, 2012

The current study sought to identify the effect of team identification on brand attitude and purc... more The current study sought to identify the effect of team identification on brand attitude and purchase intention in terms of team logo changes. Doubly Multivariate Analysis of repeated measures, 2 (logo change: original and redesigned logo) × 3 (team identification: high, moderate, and low), was conducted on attitude toward the brand and purchase intention of team-logoed merchandise. The results showed that there were significant differences between fans with high identification and fans with low identification. The findings of this study can be beneficial for both sport industry practitioners and marketing scholars by providing an understanding of brand attitude and purchase intention related to new redesigned logos based upon different levels of team identification.

Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2014

IntroductionSocial media platforms have become increasingly popular among sports fans because of ... more IntroductionSocial media platforms have become increasingly popular among sports fans because of their ability to provide access to sport events at any time (Boyle & Haynes, 2002). Twitter, an important tool of social media, has rapidly become a popular online means of communication in the sport industry (Clavio & Kian, 2010) for sharing news in both professional and collegiate sports (Sanderson, 2011). Particularly, the use of Twitter by college student sports fans reached new heights in 2011 when 68.4% of the students indicated they possessed a Twitter account (Clavio & Walsh, 2013). In this sense, Twitter has been an effective marketing tool to attract more fans and consumers, expanding the audiences (Trail & Kim, 2011), and allowing sport organizations to build and manage brands (Pegoraro & Jinnah, 2012; Rinaldo, Tapp, & Laverie, 2011).Recognizing the significant impact of social media in sport, it is vital for both academicians and practitioners to explore the motivations and c...

NASCAR-the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing-is the second most popular and commerci... more NASCAR-the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing-is the second most popular and commercially successful sport in the United States. When NASCAR was founded in 1948 in Florida, few people would have guessed it would be such a popular sport in just over a half-century. The purpose of this study was to analyze the history of NASCAR and determine the major factors for the sport`s success. The findings revealed that NASCAR became a popular sport because of its fundamental characteristics (i.e., fan friendliness, low-cost, fairness) and became a commercial success because of seven evolutionary efforts. The commercial success occurred through (1) building super speedways, (2) televising races, (3) attracting major sponsorship, (4) securing non-automotive stakeholders, (5) expanding races geographically and ethnically, (6) pursuing globalization, and (7) fostering a young generation of fans. In-depth explanations are provided for each evolutionary step. Insights and implications to...

스포츠팬들은 텔레비전과 같은 전통매체와 스마트폰과 같은 뉴미디어 등 다양한 경로를 통해 스포츠 스폰서십 활동에 노출된다. 전 세계적으로 스마트폰의 사용이 일상화되며 스포츠 소... more 스포츠팬들은 텔레비전과 같은 전통매체와 스마트폰과 같은 뉴미디어 등 다양한 경로를 통해 스포츠 스폰서십 활동에 노출된다. 전 세계적으로 스마트폰의 사용이 일상화되며 스포츠 소비자들도 스마트폰을 통한 스포츠 콘텐츠 소비가 급증하고 있다. 유튜브 같은 스마트폰 앱이나 DMB 서비스를 통해 다양한 스포츠 중계나 동영상을 시청하는 일이 많지만 스포츠 콘텐츠의 영상 품질(해상도)은 방송국이나 업로더, 또 스마트폰 설정에 따라 차이가 난다. 즉, UHD와 같은 고품질 영상도 있지만 DMB(240p)와 같은 저해상도 영상도 있다. 이런 영상품질의 차이는 시청 경험에 차이를 가져온다. 본 연구는 바로 이런 영상품질의 차이가 스폰서십 효과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 한다. 즉, 스포츠 경기 중계 영상 시청 중 노출되는 스폰서브랜드의 인지도, 태도, 구매의도가 영상 품질에 어떤 영향을 받는지 연구한다. 본 연구의 연구결과 영상 품질은 브랜드 인지도와 브랜드 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 발견하였다. 즉, 스포츠 팀, 조직, 방송사, 업로더 등이 높은 영상 품질을 제공할 경우 스폰서십 효과를 보다 크게 할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 논문은 자세한 연구 결과를 제시하고 경영적 시사점도 제안한다.

Journal of Global Sport Management

Journal of Sport Management

The stress and coping theory posits that in the face of negative consumption situations, individu... more The stress and coping theory posits that in the face of negative consumption situations, individuals experience a sequential process: primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and behavioral outcomes. Drawing on the theory, the purpose of the study is to test (a) the mediating effects of coping strategies (i.e., secondary appraisal) between the severity of spectator dysfunctional behavior (SDB; i.e., primary appraisal) and revisit intention and (b) the moderating effects of self-construal (i.e., interdependence vs. independence). Across two studies, using a survey experiment (Study 1) and a repeated-measures survey experiment (Study 2), the findings indicate that coping strategies (i.e., active, expressive, and denial coping) significantly and uniquely mediated the relationship between the severity of SDB (high vs. low) and revisit intention. Furthermore, in responding to highly severe SDB, spectators with interdependent self-construal engaged more in active and expressive coping, and...

International Journal of Sport Communication

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International Journal of Sport Communication