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Language Sciences, 2000
The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in this issue of Language Science, d... more The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in this issue of Language Science, dedicated to taking stock of both grammaticalization and so-called`g rammaticalization theory'' (i.e. claims about grammaticalization). This introduction sets the stage for the other papers by surveying the large range of de®nitions of grammaticalization in the literature and placing them in context. It also mentions the major questions addressed by each paper and relates these to the overall themes of the volume, namely clarifying what grammaticalization is (and isn't), highlighting what's good and (in particular) what's bad about grammaticalization theory, and, in the process, contributing to greater understanding of these phenomena. 7
The Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda The Handboo... more The Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda The Handbook of Historical Linguistics provides a detailed account of the numerous issues, methods, and results that characterize current work in historical linguistics, the area of ...
... 3-180. 1 ON LANGUAGE, CHANGE, AND LANGUAGE CHANGE — OR, OF HISTORY, LINGUISTICS, AND HISTORIC... more ... 3-180. 1 ON LANGUAGE, CHANGE, AND LANGUAGE CHANGE — OR, OF HISTORY, LINGUISTICS, AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS ... within this first footnote in an extended general discussion of language change. The following summary draws on ...
Discourse Processes, 1985
Empirical investigation of the variety of English used in note‐taking reveals this form of langua... more Empirical investigation of the variety of English used in note‐taking reveals this form of language to be a simplified register characterized by many of the same simplifying processes that are found in baby talk (BT) and foreigner talk (FT). The English note‐taking register (NT) is, however, distinguished from BT and FT both by having a number of reduction processes unique to it and by lacking entirely the clarifying, upgrading, and expressive processes in them. A study of the (semi‐) sentences in notes of university lectures by seven subjects identified the following 10 features: abbreviation/symbolization; omission of articles; omission of pronouns; omission of interrogative‐auxiliary do; omission of finite copulas; omission of phrases or other multiword groups; amalgamation of two or more sentences into a single topic + comment structure; participialization of relative clauses; nominalization; and passivization. The motivation for this combination of simplificational properties in NT derives from the distinctive purposes and circumstances of note‐taking vis‐a‐vis those of other simplified registers; for example, the need for surface brevity.
An important testing ground for the extent of and need for a relationship between phonological fe... more An important testing ground for the extent of and need for a relationship between phonological features and phonetic reality is to be found in the long-standing problem of the description of aspiration in Sanskrit. Sanskrit has two types of consonants with what is traditionally referred to as "aspiration", the so-called voiceless aspirated stops, ph th th ch kh (hereafter Th), and the so-called voiced aspirated stops, bh dh dh jh gh (hereafter Dh). Each of these stops stands in opposition to an unaspirated stop of like voicing at the same point of articulation, this giving a four-way opposition in the stops, e.g. b : bh : ph : p. Assuming that this traditional terminology has some basis in phonetic fact, this opposition between ostensibly aspirated and unaspirated elements would, at first glance, suggest the need to treat aspiration as a unified phenomenon at the phonological level, parallel to its apparent phonetic unity.
Language Sciences, 2000
The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in this issue of Language Science, d... more The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in this issue of Language Science, dedicated to taking stock of both grammaticalization and so-called`g rammaticalization theory'' (i.e. claims about grammaticalization). This introduction sets the stage for the other papers by surveying the large range of de®nitions of grammaticalization in the literature and placing them in context. It also mentions the major questions addressed by each paper and relates these to the overall themes of the volume, namely clarifying what grammaticalization is (and isn't), highlighting what's good and (in particular) what's bad about grammaticalization theory, and, in the process, contributing to greater understanding of these phenomena. 7
The Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda The Handboo... more The Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda The Handbook of Historical Linguistics provides a detailed account of the numerous issues, methods, and results that characterize current work in historical linguistics, the area of ...
... 3-180. 1 ON LANGUAGE, CHANGE, AND LANGUAGE CHANGE — OR, OF HISTORY, LINGUISTICS, AND HISTORIC... more ... 3-180. 1 ON LANGUAGE, CHANGE, AND LANGUAGE CHANGE — OR, OF HISTORY, LINGUISTICS, AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS ... within this first footnote in an extended general discussion of language change. The following summary draws on ...
Discourse Processes, 1985
Empirical investigation of the variety of English used in note‐taking reveals this form of langua... more Empirical investigation of the variety of English used in note‐taking reveals this form of language to be a simplified register characterized by many of the same simplifying processes that are found in baby talk (BT) and foreigner talk (FT). The English note‐taking register (NT) is, however, distinguished from BT and FT both by having a number of reduction processes unique to it and by lacking entirely the clarifying, upgrading, and expressive processes in them. A study of the (semi‐) sentences in notes of university lectures by seven subjects identified the following 10 features: abbreviation/symbolization; omission of articles; omission of pronouns; omission of interrogative‐auxiliary do; omission of finite copulas; omission of phrases or other multiword groups; amalgamation of two or more sentences into a single topic + comment structure; participialization of relative clauses; nominalization; and passivization. The motivation for this combination of simplificational properties in NT derives from the distinctive purposes and circumstances of note‐taking vis‐a‐vis those of other simplified registers; for example, the need for surface brevity.
An important testing ground for the extent of and need for a relationship between phonological fe... more An important testing ground for the extent of and need for a relationship between phonological features and phonetic reality is to be found in the long-standing problem of the description of aspiration in Sanskrit. Sanskrit has two types of consonants with what is traditionally referred to as "aspiration", the so-called voiceless aspirated stops, ph th th ch kh (hereafter Th), and the so-called voiced aspirated stops, bh dh dh jh gh (hereafter Dh). Each of these stops stands in opposition to an unaspirated stop of like voicing at the same point of articulation, this giving a four-way opposition in the stops, e.g. b : bh : ph : p. Assuming that this traditional terminology has some basis in phonetic fact, this opposition between ostensibly aspirated and unaspirated elements would, at first glance, suggest the need to treat aspiration as a unified phenomenon at the phonological level, parallel to its apparent phonetic unity.