William Browning | Indiana University (original) (raw)
Papers by William Browning
Practical Procedures Aesthetic Dentistry Ppad, May 1, 2004
Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2015
Every day in the United States and around the world, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomat... more Every day in the United States and around the world, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep caries lesions ends in unavoidable exposure of the pulp. As a result, the complexity and cost of treatment increase dramatically, and many patients are left with extraction as their only viable option. This Critical Appraisal updates a previous appraisal (2013). Since that review three, systematic reviews of the literature and one large, randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) have been published. Thus, newer, higher quality evidence is available that supports alternative treatments designed to preserve the vitality of the tooth and thus avoid extraction.
Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2007
Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995), 2006
Bonded, resin-based composite restorative materials have potential advantages. If the dentin bond... more Bonded, resin-based composite restorative materials have potential advantages. If the dentin bond achieved is not greater than the polymerization stress, loss of retention is likely, resulting in areas of microleakage and postoperative sensitivity. Class 5 lesions restored with no preparation have been used for testing the clinical performance of new adhesive restorative systems. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that bond strength varies according to the depth of dentin and the degree of calcification. Until the later generations of dentin bonding agents, retention rates for bonded, resin-based composites were typically more erratic and lower than glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorative materials. Providing stress relief during setting is inherent in GI and RMGI materials, which helps to explain their good retention rates, despite their low bond strengths. GI and RMGI liners and lightly filled resin bonding agents provide similar stress relief. Cur...
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2003
A KSTRACT Several different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA... more A KSTRACT Several different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home Use Tooth Whitening Products specify the use of a valueoriented shade guide and/or electronic color measurement devices. Since people perceive color differently, shade guides are a subjective measure. Differences between raters and by the same rater are well documented in the dental literature. The purposes of this article will be to discuss the advantages and disadvantages using shade guides to measure color change related to tooth whitening, and to evaluate the correlation of data gathered from the use of shade guides to electronic color measurement devices.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2007
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Statement of the Problem: Rapid resolution of active herpes labialis lesions is of great benefit ... more Statement of the Problem: Rapid resolution of active herpes labialis lesions is of great benefit to the patient not only in terms of controlling pain and disfigurement, but in disruption of needed dental treatment.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2013
Every day in the United States, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep ca... more Every day in the United States, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep carious lesions ends in unavoidable exposure of the pulp. As a result, the complexity and cost of treatment increases dramatically and many patients are left with extraction as their only viable option. This review appraises evidence which supports alternative treatments designed to preserve the vitality of the tooth and thus avoid extraction.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Statement of the Problem: Herpes labialis infections are common and present a serious risk to the... more Statement of the Problem: Herpes labialis infections are common and present a serious risk to the dental team.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Quintessence International, Mar 1, 2002
The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive strengths of resin, glass-ionomer, and zin... more The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive strengths of resin, glass-ionomer, and zinc phosphate cements under adverse conditions. Thirty extracted teeth were mounted and prepared in their long axis. The axial wall height was 3 mm and the convergence angle was 28 degrees. These conditions increased the role of the cement and decreased the role of the preparation in providing retention of the casting. The axial surface area was determined. Copings were fabricated with a ring aligned in the long axis to facilitate removal of the crown. They were cemented with a resin cement, a glass-ionomer cement, or a zinc phosphate cement. A block randomization scheme was used to assign cements so that the mean surface areas of the teeth were equivalent in all groups. The copings were loaded in tension, and the amount of force required to remove the coping was recorded. The stress required to remove the coping was calculated. The mean stress required to remove the copings was 9.4, 5.0, and 3.1 MPa for the resin, glass-ionomer, and zinc phosphate cements, respectively. The resin cement group was significantly stronger than both the glass-ionomer cement and the zinc phosphate cement groups. The glass-ionomer cement was significantly stronger than the zinc phosphate cement.
The Journal of the American Dental Association, Dec 31, 1997
The authors investigated the capability of two commonly used basing techniques to reduce postoper... more The authors investigated the capability of two commonly used basing techniques to reduce postoperative sensitivity. The authors measured the time it took the subjects to respond to a standardized stimulus of cold water (cold response measure, or CRM) at baseline and one week after treatment. The authors found no significant reduction in the mean CRM for the group receiving Amalgambond Plus (Parkell), but they did find a significant decrease in the mean CRM for the group receiving Copalite (Harry J. Bosworth Co.) with or without Vitrebond (3M). The authors concluded that the subjects in the Amalgambond Plus group experienced no more sensitivity to cold at one week postoperative than they did at baseline, while the subjects in the Copalite/Vitrebond group did.
Quintessence International, Nov 1, 2004
Transient sensitivity during bleaching is generally reported to affect 67% of patients. While mos... more Transient sensitivity during bleaching is generally reported to affect 67% of patients. While most people tolerate this sensitivity, some find it impossible to continue treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of an experimental, low-sensitivity bleaching agent. Twenty-two participants bleached for a minimum of 6 hours per night over a 2-week period. The bleaching agent used, Experimental Product E, is a 10% carbamide peroxide gel containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. Evaluations were performed at baseline and 1,2,13, and 26 weeks. Color change was measured using a value-ordered Vita classic shade guide and a colorimeter. Sensitivity of the teeth, gingiva, tongue, and/or throat was measured daily using a patient log. The median color change after 2 weeks was eight tabs. Approximately 36% reported sensitivity during the active whitening phase of the study. As a group, participants reported sensitivity during 13.7% of the total days spent whitening. Experimental Product E was shown to be safe. Participants experienced minor sensitivity during the active bleaching phase only. Experimental Product E was shown to be an effective bleaching agent for the subjects tested in this study.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
This study evaluated the amount of residual yellow in cured resin composites when polymerizing wi... more This study evaluated the amount of residual yellow in cured resin composites when polymerizing with either a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or blue light-emitting diode (LED). Twelve shades (bleaching to conventional shades) of microfill, hybrid and microhybrid resin composite specimens (n = 10) were polymerized with both light types. All the materials contained only camphorquinone as the photoinitiator. After exposure, the specimens were stored in the dark for 24 hours. Then, the specimen color parameters were recorded (L*, a*, b* and C*(ab)) and color differences (deltaE*(ab)) were determined by examining for changes among the test combinations. Group comparisons were examined using ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test, and pairwise comparisons were made using the Student's t-tests at a pre-set alpha of 0.05. When a significant difference in the shade of yellow was noted, the QTH light produced a greater yellow tinge than most comparisons using the LED. The potential for producing more residual yellowing could not be anticipated with respect to composite filler classification or shade, as this effect may be more dependent on individual product composition. The extent to which residual yellowing differences were noted between light curing units fell within levels considered detectable by the human eye (deltaE > 2.0). The selection of light curing unit to polymerize resin-based restorative materials can have a significant influence on the amount of residual yellow present, with the QTH light tending to leave more yellow than an LED unit.
Operative Dentistry, 2008
The polymerization shrinkage of resin composites may affect restoration quality. A double blind, ... more The polymerization shrinkage of resin composites may affect restoration quality. A double blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out to compare two curing techniques-Soft-Start (SS) and the plasma arc curing light (PAC). The hypothesis that, delaying the gel point (with SS) improves marginal seal, was tested at alpha = 0.05. Also, this report includes two-week, three-month, one-year and two-year results for post-op sensitivity. Twenty informed participants, each needing two Class II and/or complex Class I restorations, gave written consent. All the teeth were trans-illuminated to rule out pre-op crack lines before restoration placement. Fifty Z100-Single Bond restorations (25/SS and 25/PAC) were placed under rubber dam. Protocols: PAC (Control)-incremental curing < 2.0 mm, 2000 mW/cm2 for 10 seconds for all layers, SS (Treatment)-incremental curing <2.0 mm, 600 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds, except the final layer or enamel replacement increment, which was cured as follows-(mW/cm2/time) 200/3 seconds, wait 3 minutes; 200/3 seconds, wait 5 minutes; 600/20 seconds from multiple angles. Sensitivity to a standardized cold stimulus was performed preoperatively at 2 weeks and at 3, 12 and 24 months. Patients rated their sensitivity after stimulus by means of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In addition, two independent, calibrated investigators evaluated the restorations clinically at each appointment. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at any appointment period (two-way ANOVA; p > 0.05). Several conditions were defined as indicating marginal stress before the start of the trial. At 24 months, there was no significant difference between the SS and PAC groups. Within the limitations of this study, Class I and II restorations placed with a SS technique did not show significant changes in post-op sensitivity or decreased signs of marginal stress.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
Fifty predominantly moderate or large Class II or multiple-surface Class I resin composite restor... more Fifty predominantly moderate or large Class II or multiple-surface Class I resin composite restorations were placed in molars under rubber dam isolation. The restorative systems used were: Alert Condensable (Jeneric/Pentron) and SureFil (Dentsply/Caulk). The restorations were classified according to size, with 7 small, 25 moderate and 18 large, of which 8 were cusp replacement restorations. Baseline, 6, 12 and 18-month double-blinded clinical evaluations were carried out using modified USPHS criteria. The independent variables: restorative material, restoration size and three other clinical factors, were tested using a Multiple Logistic Regression procedure to determine if any were predictive of failure. Of the 50 restorations, four failed by the 18-month recall, three failed due to fracture of the restoration and one due to secondary caries. Both restorative systems demonstrated a 92% success rate. No association between restoration size (p = 0.99) or restorative material (p = 0.65) and failure was found. Similarly, the additional variables, occlusal contact type, presence of occlusal wear facets and first or second molar, were not predictive of failure.
Operative Dentistry, 2009
Consistently choosing an accurate shade match is far more difficult than it appears. Recently, se... more Consistently choosing an accurate shade match is far more difficult than it appears. Recently, several electronic shade-matching devices have been marketed. One device is an intraoral spectrophotometer, Easyshade. The current study compared the accuracy and consistency of the Easyshade (ES) device to three clinicians experienced in tooth whitening trials and trained in the use of the Vitapan 3D Master shade. The maxillary anteriors of 16 participants were matched on three separate occasions one month apart. At each appointment, the three clinicians (R1, R2 & R3) and ES independently chose a single 3D Master tab. A trained research assistant used the Easyshade device to record CIE L*, C* and H* and a shade tab. In addition, color differences between shade tabs were calculated using the Delta E 2000 (delta e 00) formula. The CIE L*C*H* data were also used to establish standards for the five lightness groups of the 3D Master. An intrarater agreement was evaluated using an intraclass correlation statistic, and an inter-rater agreement was evaluated using a weighted Kappa statistic. The percentages of exact matches were: ES = 41%; R1 = 27%; R2 = 22% and R3 = 17%. Matches within a half-shade were also calculated. This represents a mismatch that is perceptible but acceptable. The percentages of matches within a half-tab were: ES = 91%; R1 = 69%; R2 = 85% and R3 = 79%. In terms of lightness, the intra-rater agreement was considered to be very good for ES and R2 and good for R1 and R3. For chroma, agreement for ES was considered good, and for the three clinicians, it was considered moderate. The mean color difference for the L*, C*, H* data recorded at each evaluation was 1.5, or only slightly greater than the color difference between the same tab on different guides (1.2). The delta e 00 data were the most accurate data collected, and they were used to establish a standard to which the tab choices of the four raters were compared. A weighted Kappa statistic was performed and, in terms of lightness, agreement was found to be good for all raters. For chroma, agreement was very good for ES and it was good for the clinicians. In terms of the number of exact matches and matches within a half-shade, the performance of ES was at least comparable to, if not better than, the dentists. Statistically, the same was true in terms of consistency and accuracy when making repeated matches of lightness and chroma using the 3D Master shade guide.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2000
Despite a lack of data based on clinical research, many positive characteristics have been attrib... more Despite a lack of data based on clinical research, many positive characteristics have been attributed to the placement of amalgam restorations with an adhesive resin liner. For 42 months, and authors followed two groups of subjects who had amalgam restorations placed in a previous study. In this double-blind study, these subjects had been randomly assigned to have amalgam restorations placed with an adhesive liner or with a copal varnish placed under all restorations and a bulk base of zinc phosphate cement for deeper lesions. The authors evaluated anatomical form, marginal adaptation, retention and the presence of secondary caries at six, 18, 30 and 42 months. At 42 months, the authors found that all restorations in both groups still were retained, were free of secondary caries and were rated clinically acceptable. No difference between the groups was found for any category (P > .05; analysis). Placement of amalgam restorations with adhesive liners was found to produce results equivalent to that of traditional methods over a 42-month period. Practitioners wary of using new methods that have not undergone thorough clinical testing can feel comfortable placing adhesive liners under amalgam restorations.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1998
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2008
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the application of the self-stick adhesive system ... more Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the application of the self-stick adhesive system to the polystyrene impression tray provided considerably less retentive strength than when using the conventional chemical adhesive. This condition may result in impression and cast inaccuracy, and distortion of the prosthesis.
Practical Procedures Aesthetic Dentistry Ppad, May 1, 2004
Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2015
Every day in the United States and around the world, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomat... more Every day in the United States and around the world, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep caries lesions ends in unavoidable exposure of the pulp. As a result, the complexity and cost of treatment increase dramatically, and many patients are left with extraction as their only viable option. This Critical Appraisal updates a previous appraisal (2013). Since that review three, systematic reviews of the literature and one large, randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) have been published. Thus, newer, higher quality evidence is available that supports alternative treatments designed to preserve the vitality of the tooth and thus avoid extraction.
Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2007
Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995), 2006
Bonded, resin-based composite restorative materials have potential advantages. If the dentin bond... more Bonded, resin-based composite restorative materials have potential advantages. If the dentin bond achieved is not greater than the polymerization stress, loss of retention is likely, resulting in areas of microleakage and postoperative sensitivity. Class 5 lesions restored with no preparation have been used for testing the clinical performance of new adhesive restorative systems. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that bond strength varies according to the depth of dentin and the degree of calcification. Until the later generations of dentin bonding agents, retention rates for bonded, resin-based composites were typically more erratic and lower than glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorative materials. Providing stress relief during setting is inherent in GI and RMGI materials, which helps to explain their good retention rates, despite their low bond strengths. GI and RMGI liners and lightly filled resin bonding agents provide similar stress relief. Cur...
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2003
A KSTRACT Several different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA... more A KSTRACT Several different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home Use Tooth Whitening Products specify the use of a valueoriented shade guide and/or electronic color measurement devices. Since people perceive color differently, shade guides are a subjective measure. Differences between raters and by the same rater are well documented in the dental literature. The purposes of this article will be to discuss the advantages and disadvantages using shade guides to measure color change related to tooth whitening, and to evaluate the correlation of data gathered from the use of shade guides to electronic color measurement devices.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2007
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Statement of the Problem: Rapid resolution of active herpes labialis lesions is of great benefit ... more Statement of the Problem: Rapid resolution of active herpes labialis lesions is of great benefit to the patient not only in terms of controlling pain and disfigurement, but in disruption of needed dental treatment.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2013
Every day in the United States, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep ca... more Every day in the United States, complete caries removal in vital, asymptomatic teeth with deep carious lesions ends in unavoidable exposure of the pulp. As a result, the complexity and cost of treatment increases dramatically and many patients are left with extraction as their only viable option. This review appraises evidence which supports alternative treatments designed to preserve the vitality of the tooth and thus avoid extraction.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Statement of the Problem: Herpes labialis infections are common and present a serious risk to the... more Statement of the Problem: Herpes labialis infections are common and present a serious risk to the dental team.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2012
Quintessence International, Mar 1, 2002
The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive strengths of resin, glass-ionomer, and zin... more The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive strengths of resin, glass-ionomer, and zinc phosphate cements under adverse conditions. Thirty extracted teeth were mounted and prepared in their long axis. The axial wall height was 3 mm and the convergence angle was 28 degrees. These conditions increased the role of the cement and decreased the role of the preparation in providing retention of the casting. The axial surface area was determined. Copings were fabricated with a ring aligned in the long axis to facilitate removal of the crown. They were cemented with a resin cement, a glass-ionomer cement, or a zinc phosphate cement. A block randomization scheme was used to assign cements so that the mean surface areas of the teeth were equivalent in all groups. The copings were loaded in tension, and the amount of force required to remove the coping was recorded. The stress required to remove the coping was calculated. The mean stress required to remove the copings was 9.4, 5.0, and 3.1 MPa for the resin, glass-ionomer, and zinc phosphate cements, respectively. The resin cement group was significantly stronger than both the glass-ionomer cement and the zinc phosphate cement groups. The glass-ionomer cement was significantly stronger than the zinc phosphate cement.
The Journal of the American Dental Association, Dec 31, 1997
The authors investigated the capability of two commonly used basing techniques to reduce postoper... more The authors investigated the capability of two commonly used basing techniques to reduce postoperative sensitivity. The authors measured the time it took the subjects to respond to a standardized stimulus of cold water (cold response measure, or CRM) at baseline and one week after treatment. The authors found no significant reduction in the mean CRM for the group receiving Amalgambond Plus (Parkell), but they did find a significant decrease in the mean CRM for the group receiving Copalite (Harry J. Bosworth Co.) with or without Vitrebond (3M). The authors concluded that the subjects in the Amalgambond Plus group experienced no more sensitivity to cold at one week postoperative than they did at baseline, while the subjects in the Copalite/Vitrebond group did.
Quintessence International, Nov 1, 2004
Transient sensitivity during bleaching is generally reported to affect 67% of patients. While mos... more Transient sensitivity during bleaching is generally reported to affect 67% of patients. While most people tolerate this sensitivity, some find it impossible to continue treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of an experimental, low-sensitivity bleaching agent. Twenty-two participants bleached for a minimum of 6 hours per night over a 2-week period. The bleaching agent used, Experimental Product E, is a 10% carbamide peroxide gel containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. Evaluations were performed at baseline and 1,2,13, and 26 weeks. Color change was measured using a value-ordered Vita classic shade guide and a colorimeter. Sensitivity of the teeth, gingiva, tongue, and/or throat was measured daily using a patient log. The median color change after 2 weeks was eight tabs. Approximately 36% reported sensitivity during the active whitening phase of the study. As a group, participants reported sensitivity during 13.7% of the total days spent whitening. Experimental Product E was shown to be safe. Participants experienced minor sensitivity during the active bleaching phase only. Experimental Product E was shown to be an effective bleaching agent for the subjects tested in this study.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
This study evaluated the amount of residual yellow in cured resin composites when polymerizing wi... more This study evaluated the amount of residual yellow in cured resin composites when polymerizing with either a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or blue light-emitting diode (LED). Twelve shades (bleaching to conventional shades) of microfill, hybrid and microhybrid resin composite specimens (n = 10) were polymerized with both light types. All the materials contained only camphorquinone as the photoinitiator. After exposure, the specimens were stored in the dark for 24 hours. Then, the specimen color parameters were recorded (L*, a*, b* and C*(ab)) and color differences (deltaE*(ab)) were determined by examining for changes among the test combinations. Group comparisons were examined using ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test, and pairwise comparisons were made using the Student's t-tests at a pre-set alpha of 0.05. When a significant difference in the shade of yellow was noted, the QTH light produced a greater yellow tinge than most comparisons using the LED. The potential for producing more residual yellowing could not be anticipated with respect to composite filler classification or shade, as this effect may be more dependent on individual product composition. The extent to which residual yellowing differences were noted between light curing units fell within levels considered detectable by the human eye (deltaE > 2.0). The selection of light curing unit to polymerize resin-based restorative materials can have a significant influence on the amount of residual yellow present, with the QTH light tending to leave more yellow than an LED unit.
Operative Dentistry, 2008
The polymerization shrinkage of resin composites may affect restoration quality. A double blind, ... more The polymerization shrinkage of resin composites may affect restoration quality. A double blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out to compare two curing techniques-Soft-Start (SS) and the plasma arc curing light (PAC). The hypothesis that, delaying the gel point (with SS) improves marginal seal, was tested at alpha = 0.05. Also, this report includes two-week, three-month, one-year and two-year results for post-op sensitivity. Twenty informed participants, each needing two Class II and/or complex Class I restorations, gave written consent. All the teeth were trans-illuminated to rule out pre-op crack lines before restoration placement. Fifty Z100-Single Bond restorations (25/SS and 25/PAC) were placed under rubber dam. Protocols: PAC (Control)-incremental curing < 2.0 mm, 2000 mW/cm2 for 10 seconds for all layers, SS (Treatment)-incremental curing <2.0 mm, 600 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds, except the final layer or enamel replacement increment, which was cured as follows-(mW/cm2/time) 200/3 seconds, wait 3 minutes; 200/3 seconds, wait 5 minutes; 600/20 seconds from multiple angles. Sensitivity to a standardized cold stimulus was performed preoperatively at 2 weeks and at 3, 12 and 24 months. Patients rated their sensitivity after stimulus by means of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In addition, two independent, calibrated investigators evaluated the restorations clinically at each appointment. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at any appointment period (two-way ANOVA; p > 0.05). Several conditions were defined as indicating marginal stress before the start of the trial. At 24 months, there was no significant difference between the SS and PAC groups. Within the limitations of this study, Class I and II restorations placed with a SS technique did not show significant changes in post-op sensitivity or decreased signs of marginal stress.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
Fifty predominantly moderate or large Class II or multiple-surface Class I resin composite restor... more Fifty predominantly moderate or large Class II or multiple-surface Class I resin composite restorations were placed in molars under rubber dam isolation. The restorative systems used were: Alert Condensable (Jeneric/Pentron) and SureFil (Dentsply/Caulk). The restorations were classified according to size, with 7 small, 25 moderate and 18 large, of which 8 were cusp replacement restorations. Baseline, 6, 12 and 18-month double-blinded clinical evaluations were carried out using modified USPHS criteria. The independent variables: restorative material, restoration size and three other clinical factors, were tested using a Multiple Logistic Regression procedure to determine if any were predictive of failure. Of the 50 restorations, four failed by the 18-month recall, three failed due to fracture of the restoration and one due to secondary caries. Both restorative systems demonstrated a 92% success rate. No association between restoration size (p = 0.99) or restorative material (p = 0.65) and failure was found. Similarly, the additional variables, occlusal contact type, presence of occlusal wear facets and first or second molar, were not predictive of failure.
Operative Dentistry, 2009
Consistently choosing an accurate shade match is far more difficult than it appears. Recently, se... more Consistently choosing an accurate shade match is far more difficult than it appears. Recently, several electronic shade-matching devices have been marketed. One device is an intraoral spectrophotometer, Easyshade. The current study compared the accuracy and consistency of the Easyshade (ES) device to three clinicians experienced in tooth whitening trials and trained in the use of the Vitapan 3D Master shade. The maxillary anteriors of 16 participants were matched on three separate occasions one month apart. At each appointment, the three clinicians (R1, R2 & R3) and ES independently chose a single 3D Master tab. A trained research assistant used the Easyshade device to record CIE L*, C* and H* and a shade tab. In addition, color differences between shade tabs were calculated using the Delta E 2000 (delta e 00) formula. The CIE L*C*H* data were also used to establish standards for the five lightness groups of the 3D Master. An intrarater agreement was evaluated using an intraclass correlation statistic, and an inter-rater agreement was evaluated using a weighted Kappa statistic. The percentages of exact matches were: ES = 41%; R1 = 27%; R2 = 22% and R3 = 17%. Matches within a half-shade were also calculated. This represents a mismatch that is perceptible but acceptable. The percentages of matches within a half-tab were: ES = 91%; R1 = 69%; R2 = 85% and R3 = 79%. In terms of lightness, the intra-rater agreement was considered to be very good for ES and R2 and good for R1 and R3. For chroma, agreement for ES was considered good, and for the three clinicians, it was considered moderate. The mean color difference for the L*, C*, H* data recorded at each evaluation was 1.5, or only slightly greater than the color difference between the same tab on different guides (1.2). The delta e 00 data were the most accurate data collected, and they were used to establish a standard to which the tab choices of the four raters were compared. A weighted Kappa statistic was performed and, in terms of lightness, agreement was found to be good for all raters. For chroma, agreement was very good for ES and it was good for the clinicians. In terms of the number of exact matches and matches within a half-shade, the performance of ES was at least comparable to, if not better than, the dentists. Statistically, the same was true in terms of consistency and accuracy when making repeated matches of lightness and chroma using the 3D Master shade guide.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2000
Despite a lack of data based on clinical research, many positive characteristics have been attrib... more Despite a lack of data based on clinical research, many positive characteristics have been attributed to the placement of amalgam restorations with an adhesive resin liner. For 42 months, and authors followed two groups of subjects who had amalgam restorations placed in a previous study. In this double-blind study, these subjects had been randomly assigned to have amalgam restorations placed with an adhesive liner or with a copal varnish placed under all restorations and a bulk base of zinc phosphate cement for deeper lesions. The authors evaluated anatomical form, marginal adaptation, retention and the presence of secondary caries at six, 18, 30 and 42 months. At 42 months, the authors found that all restorations in both groups still were retained, were free of secondary caries and were rated clinically acceptable. No difference between the groups was found for any category (P > .05; analysis). Placement of amalgam restorations with adhesive liners was found to produce results equivalent to that of traditional methods over a 42-month period. Practitioners wary of using new methods that have not undergone thorough clinical testing can feel comfortable placing adhesive liners under amalgam restorations.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1998
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2008
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the application of the self-stick adhesive system ... more Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the application of the self-stick adhesive system to the polystyrene impression tray provided considerably less retentive strength than when using the conventional chemical adhesive. This condition may result in impression and cast inaccuracy, and distortion of the prosthesis.