Michel Mench | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (original) (raw)

Papers by Michel Mench

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environment Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Thallium in French agrosystems—II. Concentration of thallium in field-grown rape and some other plant species

Environmental Pollution, 1997

The aim of this study was to assess thallium (Tl) uptake into the aerial parts of selected crop s... more The aim of this study was to assess thallium (Tl) uptake into the aerial parts of selected crop species grown on French soils with high Tl content of pedogeochemical origin (0.3-40 mg Tl kg(-1) on a dry wt (DW) basis). Husked wheat and maize grains contained less than 4 microg Tl kg(-1) DW, but rape shoots accumulated Tl with a shoot-soil partition coefficient (PC) > 1, and rape seeds had PC > 3. Tl content of rape seed reached 33 mg Tl kg(-1) DW and higher concentrations in soil corresponded to increased concentrations in rape seeds. It is argued that parent material of the soil and pedogenesis have a considerable effect on Tl accumulation in rape seeds. These results show enhanced phytoavailability of Tl of pedogeochemical origin and prompt questions on the potential for food chain contamination by Tl in rape cattle cakes.

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nsanganwimana et al 2014 Miscanthus phytomanagement review

Research paper thumbnail of Aided phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in copper-contaminated soils with tobacco and sunflower in crop rotation: Mobility and phytoavailability assessment

Chemosphere, 2016

Copper-contaminated soils were managed with aided phytoextraction in 31 field plots at a former w... more Copper-contaminated soils were managed with aided phytoextraction in 31 field plots at a former wood preservation site, using a single incorporation of compost (OM) and dolomitic limestone (DL) followed by a crop rotation with tobacco and sunflower. Six amended plots, with increasing total soil Cu, and one unamended plot were selected together with a control uncontaminated plot. The mobility and phytoavailability of Cu, Zn, Cr and As were investigated after 2 and 3 years in soil samples collected in these eight plots. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrations were determined in the soil pore water (SPW) and available soil Cu and Zn fractions by DGT. The Cu, Zn, Cr and As phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and determining the biomass of their plant parts and their foliar ionome. Total Cu concentrations in the SPW increased with total soil Cu. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrations in the SPW decreased in year 3 as compared to year 2, likely due to annual shoot removals by the plants and the lixiviation. Available soil Cu and Zn fractions also declined in year 3. The Cu, Zn, Cr and As phytoavailability, assessed by their concentration and mineral mass in the primary leaves of beans, was reduced in year 3.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytostabilisation of a copper contaminated topsoil aided by basic slags: assessment of Cu mobility and phytoavailability

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of EXAFS study of the nature of zinc complexation sites in humic substances as a function of Zn concentration

Journal De Physique Iv, 1997

Humic substances are known to play a key role in the immobilisation of metals in soils. The main ... more Humic substances are known to play a key role in the immobilisation of metals in soils. The main complexing ligands that are supposed to interact with metals are carboxylic and phenolic. The complexation mechanism of zinc by two natural humic acids (T and F) was studied by EXAFS spectroscopy at the Zn-K edge over a wide range of zinc concentration. The ligation mechanism of Zn was found to vary with the metal concentration and the nature of the humic acid. As Zn concentration is raised, the amplitude of EXAFS spectra decreases, which is interpreted as an increased distribution of Iigand sites. At low Zn concentration (300-5000 mgKg), zinc forms inner sphere complexes in octahedral coordination for T humic acid, and in octahedral and tetrahedral coordinations for F humic acid. At intermediate Zn concentration (32 gKg), a large number of different sites are observed and only octahedral coordination is detected. At high Zn concentration (500 glKg), most Zn forms outer sphere complexes. The difference of complexation mechanisms between humic acids F and T can be related to differences in their structure as indicated by 1 3~-~~~ spectroscopy.

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Extraction procedure for organotin analysis in plant matrices: optimisation and application

Talanta, Apr 22, 2002

Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extrac... more Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extraction procedure of those species from vegetal matrix can be found in the literature. In order to develop such a procedure, we have compared in a first step the performances of six extracting solutions based on HCl, CH 3 COOH, NaOH, TMAH, enzymatic mixture and ethyl ethanoate. HCl-based extraction gives the highest recoveries. The whole extraction process was then optimised by investigating the influence of all the operating parameters. The resulting method, allowed a 100% recovery of tribultyltin and triphenyltin in spiked vegetal powders, without any noticeable degradation. The optimised extraction procedure was applied to the speciation of organotins in French beans and algae. Several mg (Sn) kg − 1 of butyltins were found in algae collected in an urban treatment plant and contents up to 800 mg (Sn) kg − 1 were detected in French beans cultivated with polluted nutritive solution. These results highlight the existence of a transfer of organotins from polluted waters to plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Comment mettre en oeuvre des solutions de stabilisation in situ ou de phytoremédiation dans les stratégies de gestion durable des sols contaminés en éléments traces

Research paper thumbnail of SUMATECS : Gestion durable des sols contaminés par les éléments traces : état de l'art et besoins de recherche

Research paper thumbnail of Plant responses to a phytomanaged urban technosol contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015

Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage ... more Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8-8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha −1 harvest −1 ): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha −1 harvest −1 ) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Effective Decision Support for the Application of “Gentle” Remediation Options: The GREENLAND Project

Remediation Journal, 2015

ABSTRACT Gentle remediation options (GRO) are risk management strategies/technologies that result... more ABSTRACT Gentle remediation options (GRO) are risk management strategies/technologies that result in a net gain (or at least no gross reduction) in soil function as well as risk management. They encompass a number of technologies, including the use of plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods, with or without chemical soil additives or amendments, for reducing contaminant transfer to local receptors by in situ stabilization, or extraction, transformation, or degradation of contaminants. Despite offering strong benefits in terms of risk management, deployment costs, and sustainability for a range of site problems, the application of GRO as practical on-site remedial solutions is still in its relative infancy, particularly for metal(loid)-contaminated sites. A key barrier to wider adoption of GRO relates to general uncertainties and lack of stakeholder confidence in (and indeed knowledge of) the feasibility or reliability of GRO as practical risk management solutions. The GREENLAND project has therefore developed a simple and transparent decision support framework for promoting the appropriate use of gentle remediation options and encouraging participation of stakeholders, supplemented by a set of specific design aids for use when GRO appear to be a viable option. The framework is presented as a three phased model or Decision Support Tool (DST), in the form of a Microsoft Excel-based workbook, designed to inform decision-making and options appraisal during the selection of remedial approaches for contaminated sites. The DST acts as a simple decision support and stakeholder engagement tool for the application of GRO, providing a context for GRO application (particularly where soft end-use of remediated land is envisaged), quick reference tables (including an economic cost calculator), and supporting information and technical guidance drawing on practical examples of effective GRO application at trace metal(loid) contaminated sites across Europe. This article introduces the decision support framework.

Research paper thumbnail of Mobility and phytoavailability of Cu, Cr, Zn, and As in a contaminated soil at a wood preservation site after 4 years of aided phytostabilization

Environmental science and pollution research international, 2014

The remediation of copper-contaminated soils by aided phytostabilisation in 16 field plots at a w... more The remediation of copper-contaminated soils by aided phytostabilisation in 16 field plots at a wood preservation site was investigated. The mobility and bioavailability of four potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE), i.e., Cu, Zn, Cr, and As, were investigated in these soils 4 years after the incorporation of compost (OM, 5 % w/w) and dolomite limestone (DL, 0.2 % w/w), singly and in combination (OMDL), and the transplantation of mycorrhizal poplar and willows. Topsoil samples were collected in all field plots and potted in the laboratory. Total PTTE concentrations were determined in soil pore water (SPW) collected by Rhizon soil moisture samplers. Soil exposure intensity was assessed by Chelex100-DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films) probes. The PTTE phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and analyzing their foliar PTTE concentrations. OM and DL, singly and in combination (OMDL), were effective to decrease foliar Cu, Cr, Zn, and As concentrati...

Research paper thumbnail of Suitability of Miscanthus species for managing inorganic and organic contaminated land and restoring ecosystem services. A review

Journal of Environmental Management, 2014

The mitigation of potential health hazards and land scarcity due to land use change can be addres... more The mitigation of potential health hazards and land scarcity due to land use change can be addressed by restoring functional and ecosystem services of contaminated land. Physico-chemical remediation options are criticized as being costly and not providing environment-friendly solutions. The use of plants and associated microorganisms could be a sustainable, cost-effective option to reduce pollutant exposure. Phytomanagement aims at using valuable non-food crops to alleviate environmental and health risks induced by pollutants, and at restoring ecosystem services. Suitable plant species must be tolerant to contaminants, reduce their transfer into the food chain, and efficiently produce marketable biomass. Based on Miscanthus' capacity to sequestrate inorganic contaminants into the root system and to induce dissipation of persistent organic contaminants in soil, these plant species are favorable for phytostabilization and phytodegradation. Among Miscanthus species, the noninvasive hybrid Miscanthus  giganteus, with a high lignocellulosic content, is a promising biomass crop for the bioeconomy, notably the biorefinery and bioenergy industries. Planting this species on contaminated and marginal land is a promising option to avoid changes in arable land use to mitigate the food vs. biofuel controversy. Key issues in promoting sustainable management of Miscanthus sp. on contaminated land are: (a) crop suitability, integration, and sustainability in a region with a potential local market; (b) site suitability in relation to the species' requirements and potential, (c) biotic interactions in the landscape diversity; and (d) increase in shoot yields in line with various stressors (e.g., pollutants, drought, cold temperatures), and with minimal inputs.

Research paper thumbnail of Endophytic bacteria take the challenge to improve Cu phytoextraction by sunflower

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015

Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis ca... more Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis capillaris were inoculated to a sunflower metal-tolerant mutant line, and their influence on Cu tolerance and phytoextraction was assessed using a Cu-contaminated soil series. Ten endophytic bacterial strains isolated from surface-sterilized A. capillaris roots were mixed to prepare the root endophyte inoculant (RE). In parallel, surface-sterilized seeds of A. capillaris were crushed in MgSO 4 to prepare a crude seed extract containing seed endophytes (SE). An aliquot of this seed extract was filtered at 0.2 μm to obtain a bacterial cell-free seed extract (SEF). After surface sterilization, germinated sunflower seeds were separately treated with one of five modalities: no treatment (C), immersion in MgSO 4 (CMg) or SEF solutions and inoculation with RE or SE. All plants were cultivated on a Cucontaminated soil series (13-1020 mg Cu kg −1 ). Cultivable RE strains were mostly members of the Pseudomonas genera, and one strain was closely related to Labrys sp. The cultivable SE strains belonged mainly to the Bacillus genera and some members of the Rhodococcus genera. The treatment effects depended on the soil Cu concentration. Both SE and SEF plants had a higher Cu tolerance in the 13-517 mg Cu kg −1 soil range as reflected by increased shoot and root DW yields compared to control plants. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in shoot Cu concentration and increase in root Cu concentration. Shoot and root DW yields were more promoted by SE than SEF in the 13-114 mg Cu kg −1 soil range, which could reflect the influence of seed-located bacterial endophytes. At intermediate soil Cu (416-818 mg Cu kg −1 soil), the RE and CMg plants had lower shoot Cu concentrations than the control, SE and SEF plants. At high total soil Cu (617-1020 mg Cu kg −1 ), root DW yield of RE plants slightly increased and their root Cu concentration rose by up to 1.9-fold. In terms of phytoextraction efficiency, shoot Cu removal was increased for sunflower plants inoculated with crude and bacterial cell-free seed extracts by 1.3-to 2.2-fold in the 13-416 mg Cu kg −1 soil range. Such increase was mainly driven by an enhanced shoot DW yield. The number and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the harvested sunflower tissues must be further examined.

Research paper thumbnail of Agronomic practices for improving gentle remediation of trace element-contaminated soils

International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015

The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably i... more The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant Downloaded by [INERIS] at 00:20 28 January 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 species and genotypes for application in GRO. However, the number of field trials demonstrating successful GRO remains well below the number of studies carried out at a greenhouse level. The move from greenhouse to field conditions requires incorporating agronomical knowledge into the remediation process and the ecological restoration of ecosystem services. This review summarizes agronomic practices against their demonstrated or potential positive effect on GRO performance, including plant selection, soil management practices, crop rotation, short rotation coppice, intercropping/row cropping, planting methods and plant densities, harvest and fertilization management, pest and weed control and irrigation management. Potentially negative effects of GRO, e.g. the introduction of potentially invasive species, are also discussed. Lessons learnt from long-term European field case sites for aiding the choice of appropriate management practices and plant species.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytostabilisation of metal-contaminated sites

NATO Science Series, 2006

Abstract The oldest field experiments confirm that phytostabilisation is an unobtrusively and cos... more Abstract The oldest field experiments confirm that phytostabilisation is an unobtrusively and cost-effective technique for treating metal-contaminated soils. University research teams having relatively few means have mostly established trials, but lack funds to deliver crucial ...

Research paper thumbnail of After effects of metals derived from a highly metal-polluted sludge on maize (Zea mays L.)

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1994

High Cd and Ni concentrations in sandy soils were built up in a field experiment, receiving an un... more High Cd and Ni concentrations in sandy soils were built up in a field experiment, receiving an unusually metal-polluted sewage sludge between 1976 and 1980, at Bordeaux, France. The study evaluates the availability of metals and their after effects on maize at one point in time, the 8th year following termination of sludge application (1988). Plant parts (leaves, stalks, roots, grains) and soil samples were collected from plots which received 0 (Control), 50 (S1) and 300 Mg sludge DW ha-1 (S2) as cumulative inputs. Dry-matter yield, plant metal concentrations, total, and extractable metals in soils were determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Extraction procedure for organotin analysis in plant matrices: optimisation and application

Talanta, 2002

Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extrac... more Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extraction procedure of those species from vegetal matrix can be found in the literature. In order to develop such a procedure, we have compared in a first step the performances of six extracting solutions based on HCl, CH 3 COOH, NaOH, TMAH, enzymatic mixture and ethyl ethanoate. HCl-based extraction gives the highest recoveries. The whole extraction process was then optimised by investigating the influence of all the operating parameters. The resulting method, allowed a 100% recovery of tribultyltin and triphenyltin in spiked vegetal powders, without any noticeable degradation. The optimised extraction procedure was applied to the speciation of organotins in French beans and algae. Several mg (Sn) kg − 1 of butyltins were found in algae collected in an urban treatment plant and contents up to 800 mg (Sn) kg − 1 were detected in French beans cultivated with polluted nutritive solution. These results highlight the existence of a transfer of organotins from polluted waters to plants.

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environment Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Thallium in French agrosystems—II. Concentration of thallium in field-grown rape and some other plant species

Environmental Pollution, 1997

The aim of this study was to assess thallium (Tl) uptake into the aerial parts of selected crop s... more The aim of this study was to assess thallium (Tl) uptake into the aerial parts of selected crop species grown on French soils with high Tl content of pedogeochemical origin (0.3-40 mg Tl kg(-1) on a dry wt (DW) basis). Husked wheat and maize grains contained less than 4 microg Tl kg(-1) DW, but rape shoots accumulated Tl with a shoot-soil partition coefficient (PC) > 1, and rape seeds had PC > 3. Tl content of rape seed reached 33 mg Tl kg(-1) DW and higher concentrations in soil corresponded to increased concentrations in rape seeds. It is argued that parent material of the soil and pedogenesis have a considerable effect on Tl accumulation in rape seeds. These results show enhanced phytoavailability of Tl of pedogeochemical origin and prompt questions on the potential for food chain contamination by Tl in rape cattle cakes.

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nsanganwimana et al 2014 Miscanthus phytomanagement review

Research paper thumbnail of Aided phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in copper-contaminated soils with tobacco and sunflower in crop rotation: Mobility and phytoavailability assessment

Chemosphere, 2016

Copper-contaminated soils were managed with aided phytoextraction in 31 field plots at a former w... more Copper-contaminated soils were managed with aided phytoextraction in 31 field plots at a former wood preservation site, using a single incorporation of compost (OM) and dolomitic limestone (DL) followed by a crop rotation with tobacco and sunflower. Six amended plots, with increasing total soil Cu, and one unamended plot were selected together with a control uncontaminated plot. The mobility and phytoavailability of Cu, Zn, Cr and As were investigated after 2 and 3 years in soil samples collected in these eight plots. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrations were determined in the soil pore water (SPW) and available soil Cu and Zn fractions by DGT. The Cu, Zn, Cr and As phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and determining the biomass of their plant parts and their foliar ionome. Total Cu concentrations in the SPW increased with total soil Cu. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrations in the SPW decreased in year 3 as compared to year 2, likely due to annual shoot removals by the plants and the lixiviation. Available soil Cu and Zn fractions also declined in year 3. The Cu, Zn, Cr and As phytoavailability, assessed by their concentration and mineral mass in the primary leaves of beans, was reduced in year 3.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytostabilisation of a copper contaminated topsoil aided by basic slags: assessment of Cu mobility and phytoavailability

Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of EXAFS study of the nature of zinc complexation sites in humic substances as a function of Zn concentration

Journal De Physique Iv, 1997

Humic substances are known to play a key role in the immobilisation of metals in soils. The main ... more Humic substances are known to play a key role in the immobilisation of metals in soils. The main complexing ligands that are supposed to interact with metals are carboxylic and phenolic. The complexation mechanism of zinc by two natural humic acids (T and F) was studied by EXAFS spectroscopy at the Zn-K edge over a wide range of zinc concentration. The ligation mechanism of Zn was found to vary with the metal concentration and the nature of the humic acid. As Zn concentration is raised, the amplitude of EXAFS spectra decreases, which is interpreted as an increased distribution of Iigand sites. At low Zn concentration (300-5000 mgKg), zinc forms inner sphere complexes in octahedral coordination for T humic acid, and in octahedral and tetrahedral coordinations for F humic acid. At intermediate Zn concentration (32 gKg), a large number of different sites are observed and only octahedral coordination is detected. At high Zn concentration (500 glKg), most Zn forms outer sphere complexes. The difference of complexation mechanisms between humic acids F and T can be related to differences in their structure as indicated by 1 3~-~~~ spectroscopy.

Research paper thumbnail of A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead

Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994

... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; ... more ... Subject, 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ;55 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES; CADMIUM; UPTAKE; LEAD; SOILS; LAND POLLUTION; ADDITIVES ... Description/Abstract, The capacity of several additives, ie, lime, Thomas phosphate bask slag (TBS), hydrous iron ...

Research paper thumbnail of Extraction procedure for organotin analysis in plant matrices: optimisation and application

Talanta, Apr 22, 2002

Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extrac... more Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extraction procedure of those species from vegetal matrix can be found in the literature. In order to develop such a procedure, we have compared in a first step the performances of six extracting solutions based on HCl, CH 3 COOH, NaOH, TMAH, enzymatic mixture and ethyl ethanoate. HCl-based extraction gives the highest recoveries. The whole extraction process was then optimised by investigating the influence of all the operating parameters. The resulting method, allowed a 100% recovery of tribultyltin and triphenyltin in spiked vegetal powders, without any noticeable degradation. The optimised extraction procedure was applied to the speciation of organotins in French beans and algae. Several mg (Sn) kg − 1 of butyltins were found in algae collected in an urban treatment plant and contents up to 800 mg (Sn) kg − 1 were detected in French beans cultivated with polluted nutritive solution. These results highlight the existence of a transfer of organotins from polluted waters to plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Comment mettre en oeuvre des solutions de stabilisation in situ ou de phytoremédiation dans les stratégies de gestion durable des sols contaminés en éléments traces

Research paper thumbnail of SUMATECS : Gestion durable des sols contaminés par les éléments traces : état de l'art et besoins de recherche

Research paper thumbnail of Plant responses to a phytomanaged urban technosol contaminated by trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015

Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage ... more Medicago sativa was cultivated at a former harbor facility near Bordeaux (France) to phytomanage a soil contaminated by trace elements (TE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In parallel, a biotest with Phaseolus vulgaris was carried out on potted soils from 18 sub-sites to assess their phytotoxicity. Total soil TE and PAH concentrations, TE concentrations in the soil pore water, the foliar ionome of M. sativa (at the end of the first growth season) and of Populus nigra growing in situ, the root and shoot biomass and the foliar ionome of P. vulgaris were determined. Despite high total soil TE, soluble TE concentrations were generally low, mainly due to alkaline soil pH (7.8-8.6). Shoot dry weight (DW) yield and foliar ionome of P. vulgaris did not reflect the soil contamination, but its root DW yield decreased at highest soil TE and/or PAH concentrations. Foliar ionomes of M. sativa and P. nigra growing in situ were generally similar to the ones at uncontaminated sites. M. sativa contributed to bioavailable TE stripping by shoot removal (in g ha −1 harvest −1 ): As 0.9, Cd 0.3, Cr 0.4, Cu 16.1, Ni 2.6, Pb 4, and Zn 134. After 1 year, 72 plant species were identified in the plant community across three subsets: (I) plant community developed on bare soil sowed with M. sativa; (II) plant community developed in unharvested plots dominated by grasses; and (III) plant community developed on unsowed bare soil. The shoot DW yield (in mg ha −1 harvest −1 ) varied from 1.1 (subset I) to 6.9 (subset II). For subset III, the specific richness was the lowest in plots with the highest phytotoxicity for P. vulgaris.

Research paper thumbnail of Developing Effective Decision Support for the Application of “Gentle” Remediation Options: The GREENLAND Project

Remediation Journal, 2015

ABSTRACT Gentle remediation options (GRO) are risk management strategies/technologies that result... more ABSTRACT Gentle remediation options (GRO) are risk management strategies/technologies that result in a net gain (or at least no gross reduction) in soil function as well as risk management. They encompass a number of technologies, including the use of plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods, with or without chemical soil additives or amendments, for reducing contaminant transfer to local receptors by in situ stabilization, or extraction, transformation, or degradation of contaminants. Despite offering strong benefits in terms of risk management, deployment costs, and sustainability for a range of site problems, the application of GRO as practical on-site remedial solutions is still in its relative infancy, particularly for metal(loid)-contaminated sites. A key barrier to wider adoption of GRO relates to general uncertainties and lack of stakeholder confidence in (and indeed knowledge of) the feasibility or reliability of GRO as practical risk management solutions. The GREENLAND project has therefore developed a simple and transparent decision support framework for promoting the appropriate use of gentle remediation options and encouraging participation of stakeholders, supplemented by a set of specific design aids for use when GRO appear to be a viable option. The framework is presented as a three phased model or Decision Support Tool (DST), in the form of a Microsoft Excel-based workbook, designed to inform decision-making and options appraisal during the selection of remedial approaches for contaminated sites. The DST acts as a simple decision support and stakeholder engagement tool for the application of GRO, providing a context for GRO application (particularly where soft end-use of remediated land is envisaged), quick reference tables (including an economic cost calculator), and supporting information and technical guidance drawing on practical examples of effective GRO application at trace metal(loid) contaminated sites across Europe. This article introduces the decision support framework.

Research paper thumbnail of Mobility and phytoavailability of Cu, Cr, Zn, and As in a contaminated soil at a wood preservation site after 4 years of aided phytostabilization

Environmental science and pollution research international, 2014

The remediation of copper-contaminated soils by aided phytostabilisation in 16 field plots at a w... more The remediation of copper-contaminated soils by aided phytostabilisation in 16 field plots at a wood preservation site was investigated. The mobility and bioavailability of four potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE), i.e., Cu, Zn, Cr, and As, were investigated in these soils 4 years after the incorporation of compost (OM, 5 % w/w) and dolomite limestone (DL, 0.2 % w/w), singly and in combination (OMDL), and the transplantation of mycorrhizal poplar and willows. Topsoil samples were collected in all field plots and potted in the laboratory. Total PTTE concentrations were determined in soil pore water (SPW) collected by Rhizon soil moisture samplers. Soil exposure intensity was assessed by Chelex100-DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films) probes. The PTTE phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and analyzing their foliar PTTE concentrations. OM and DL, singly and in combination (OMDL), were effective to decrease foliar Cu, Cr, Zn, and As concentrati...

Research paper thumbnail of Suitability of Miscanthus species for managing inorganic and organic contaminated land and restoring ecosystem services. A review

Journal of Environmental Management, 2014

The mitigation of potential health hazards and land scarcity due to land use change can be addres... more The mitigation of potential health hazards and land scarcity due to land use change can be addressed by restoring functional and ecosystem services of contaminated land. Physico-chemical remediation options are criticized as being costly and not providing environment-friendly solutions. The use of plants and associated microorganisms could be a sustainable, cost-effective option to reduce pollutant exposure. Phytomanagement aims at using valuable non-food crops to alleviate environmental and health risks induced by pollutants, and at restoring ecosystem services. Suitable plant species must be tolerant to contaminants, reduce their transfer into the food chain, and efficiently produce marketable biomass. Based on Miscanthus' capacity to sequestrate inorganic contaminants into the root system and to induce dissipation of persistent organic contaminants in soil, these plant species are favorable for phytostabilization and phytodegradation. Among Miscanthus species, the noninvasive hybrid Miscanthus  giganteus, with a high lignocellulosic content, is a promising biomass crop for the bioeconomy, notably the biorefinery and bioenergy industries. Planting this species on contaminated and marginal land is a promising option to avoid changes in arable land use to mitigate the food vs. biofuel controversy. Key issues in promoting sustainable management of Miscanthus sp. on contaminated land are: (a) crop suitability, integration, and sustainability in a region with a potential local market; (b) site suitability in relation to the species' requirements and potential, (c) biotic interactions in the landscape diversity; and (d) increase in shoot yields in line with various stressors (e.g., pollutants, drought, cold temperatures), and with minimal inputs.

Research paper thumbnail of Endophytic bacteria take the challenge to improve Cu phytoextraction by sunflower

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015

Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis ca... more Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis capillaris were inoculated to a sunflower metal-tolerant mutant line, and their influence on Cu tolerance and phytoextraction was assessed using a Cu-contaminated soil series. Ten endophytic bacterial strains isolated from surface-sterilized A. capillaris roots were mixed to prepare the root endophyte inoculant (RE). In parallel, surface-sterilized seeds of A. capillaris were crushed in MgSO 4 to prepare a crude seed extract containing seed endophytes (SE). An aliquot of this seed extract was filtered at 0.2 μm to obtain a bacterial cell-free seed extract (SEF). After surface sterilization, germinated sunflower seeds were separately treated with one of five modalities: no treatment (C), immersion in MgSO 4 (CMg) or SEF solutions and inoculation with RE or SE. All plants were cultivated on a Cucontaminated soil series (13-1020 mg Cu kg −1 ). Cultivable RE strains were mostly members of the Pseudomonas genera, and one strain was closely related to Labrys sp. The cultivable SE strains belonged mainly to the Bacillus genera and some members of the Rhodococcus genera. The treatment effects depended on the soil Cu concentration. Both SE and SEF plants had a higher Cu tolerance in the 13-517 mg Cu kg −1 soil range as reflected by increased shoot and root DW yields compared to control plants. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in shoot Cu concentration and increase in root Cu concentration. Shoot and root DW yields were more promoted by SE than SEF in the 13-114 mg Cu kg −1 soil range, which could reflect the influence of seed-located bacterial endophytes. At intermediate soil Cu (416-818 mg Cu kg −1 soil), the RE and CMg plants had lower shoot Cu concentrations than the control, SE and SEF plants. At high total soil Cu (617-1020 mg Cu kg −1 ), root DW yield of RE plants slightly increased and their root Cu concentration rose by up to 1.9-fold. In terms of phytoextraction efficiency, shoot Cu removal was increased for sunflower plants inoculated with crude and bacterial cell-free seed extracts by 1.3-to 2.2-fold in the 13-416 mg Cu kg −1 soil range. Such increase was mainly driven by an enhanced shoot DW yield. The number and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the harvested sunflower tissues must be further examined.

Research paper thumbnail of Agronomic practices for improving gentle remediation of trace element-contaminated soils

International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015

The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably i... more The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant Downloaded by [INERIS] at 00:20 28 January 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 species and genotypes for application in GRO. However, the number of field trials demonstrating successful GRO remains well below the number of studies carried out at a greenhouse level. The move from greenhouse to field conditions requires incorporating agronomical knowledge into the remediation process and the ecological restoration of ecosystem services. This review summarizes agronomic practices against their demonstrated or potential positive effect on GRO performance, including plant selection, soil management practices, crop rotation, short rotation coppice, intercropping/row cropping, planting methods and plant densities, harvest and fertilization management, pest and weed control and irrigation management. Potentially negative effects of GRO, e.g. the introduction of potentially invasive species, are also discussed. Lessons learnt from long-term European field case sites for aiding the choice of appropriate management practices and plant species.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytostabilisation of metal-contaminated sites

NATO Science Series, 2006

Abstract The oldest field experiments confirm that phytostabilisation is an unobtrusively and cos... more Abstract The oldest field experiments confirm that phytostabilisation is an unobtrusively and cost-effective technique for treating metal-contaminated soils. University research teams having relatively few means have mostly established trials, but lack funds to deliver crucial ...

Research paper thumbnail of After effects of metals derived from a highly metal-polluted sludge on maize (Zea mays L.)

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1994

High Cd and Ni concentrations in sandy soils were built up in a field experiment, receiving an un... more High Cd and Ni concentrations in sandy soils were built up in a field experiment, receiving an unusually metal-polluted sewage sludge between 1976 and 1980, at Bordeaux, France. The study evaluates the availability of metals and their after effects on maize at one point in time, the 8th year following termination of sludge application (1988). Plant parts (leaves, stalks, roots, grains) and soil samples were collected from plots which received 0 (Control), 50 (S1) and 300 Mg sludge DW ha-1 (S2) as cumulative inputs. Dry-matter yield, plant metal concentrations, total, and extractable metals in soils were determined.

Research paper thumbnail of Extraction procedure for organotin analysis in plant matrices: optimisation and application

Talanta, 2002

Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extrac... more Analysis of organotin compounds in vegetal samples is not well documented, and no specific extraction procedure of those species from vegetal matrix can be found in the literature. In order to develop such a procedure, we have compared in a first step the performances of six extracting solutions based on HCl, CH 3 COOH, NaOH, TMAH, enzymatic mixture and ethyl ethanoate. HCl-based extraction gives the highest recoveries. The whole extraction process was then optimised by investigating the influence of all the operating parameters. The resulting method, allowed a 100% recovery of tribultyltin and triphenyltin in spiked vegetal powders, without any noticeable degradation. The optimised extraction procedure was applied to the speciation of organotins in French beans and algae. Several mg (Sn) kg − 1 of butyltins were found in algae collected in an urban treatment plant and contents up to 800 mg (Sn) kg − 1 were detected in French beans cultivated with polluted nutritive solution. These results highlight the existence of a transfer of organotins from polluted waters to plants.