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Papers by Mohd Tariq Salman

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health, Jan 1, 2023

Objective: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds and its crude extract or essential oils have bee... more Objective: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds and its crude extract or essential oils have been widely used traditionally for nutritional and medicinal applications in Asian countries. Its effects on diabetics with high fat diet consumption have not been adequately studied. This study was undertaken to study its effects on body weight, abdominal girth, lipid profile and plasma glucose levels in diabetic high fat diet fed rats. Materials and Methods : Streptozotocin induced male Wistar rats were fed high fat diet [5130 kcal] for 4 weeks after which they were given vehicle, Nigella sativa ethanolic extract (300mg/kg), Nigella sativa ethanolic extract (600 mg) or metformin (100 mg). Lipid profile, blood glucose, body weight & abdominal girth were measured. Results: Nigella sativa ethanolic extract (600 mg) caused significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL and non HDL cholesterol comparable to metformin. Conclusion : Nigella sativa shows anti-hyperglycemic effects and improvement in lipid profile in diabetic high fat diet fed rats which is comparable to metformin. Further studies are required to advocate its use in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemias.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Self Medication Among Second Year Undergraduate Medical Students

Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics, 2011

Human subjects' participation in medical research has often raised ethical concerns. After Nazi e... more Human subjects' participation in medical research has often raised ethical concerns. After Nazi exploitation; various Guidelines & Declarations were prepared, but still unethical behaviour of healthcare practitioners is being reported. After graduation and entering into practical field; sudden exposure to challenges makes it difficult to take decisions, which shows a lacuna in traditional medical training. There are debates about inclusion of practical ethics in medical curricula. Present study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare ethics among doctors in a government teaching hospital. A self-administered structured questionnaire was devised, tested and distributed (n = 172). Faculty and residents were compared using Chi square test and the residents' responses in different years of residency were compared using Chi square test followed by Kendall's tau-c test to find correlation. Faculty was more aware of the guidelines. About 77.8% faculty and 48.5% residents were aware of Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC), and about 37.5% from faculty and 23.5% from residents were satisfied with IEC. Faculty encountered ethical problems more often (62.5% vs 45.5%) than residents. Source of knowledge of bioethics was multiple. Departmental lectures were not preferred mode of learning (8.8%). Colleague was most preferred mode of consultation for any problem. Some residents faced ethical problem in publication. All faculty and 94.1% residents felt the need for further education on bioethics. There was negative correlation (-0.3, p<0.001) between the frequency of ethical problems and residency years. There is an urgent need to include formal training of practical ethics and make departmental learning more interesting.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2016

Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major resistant pathogens extremely adaptable to a... more Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major resistant pathogens extremely adaptable to antibiotic pressure. Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extracts and essential oil have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against several bacteria but little work has been done on their effect against multidrug resistant S. aureus strains isolated from patients. So, we studied antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It was an experimental, in vitro study. Materials and methods: Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed essential oil and extracts were tested in varying dilutions against 40 clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India using disc agar diffusion technique on inoculated Muellar Hinton agar plates under standard laboratory conditions. The tested strains were resistant to 4 or more clinically used antibiotics belonging to at least 3 different classes. Results: The Methanolic extract and oil of Nigella sativa were found active against 38 and 35 multi-drug resistant strains respectively. Both the oil and Methanolic extract showed remarkable dose dependant antibacterial activity against the tested strains up to a dilution of 1:50 as evident from the zones of inhibition. Conclusion: Nigella sativa possesses antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011

This study was carried out to study the pattern of antimicrobial prescription in OPD and IPD of t... more This study was carried out to study the pattern of antimicrobial prescription in OPD and IPD of the department Otolaryngology in a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. This was a prospective study conducted at the Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, over a period of 12 months. All the patients who attended the ENT OPD and IPD were included. Out of 4800 patients, only 2600 patients were included in the study, 60% (n=1560) were males and 40% (n=1040) were females. Maximum no. of patients were in the age group 16-35 years 60% (n=1560) while the geriatric group (76-85 years) comprised the lowest 1.9% (n=50). 55% (n=1430) of patients were diagnosed with ear, 30% (n=764) with throat and 15% (n=296) with nose disorders. The most frequently prescribed antibacterials were β-Lactams (75.68 %) followed by Aminoglycosides (9.43%). Among the penicillin group the commonest drug prescribed was a combination of amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid (9.58 %), in Cephalospo...

bioRxiv, 2020

Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagn... more Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagnose and treat as no biomarker is available for detection. We aimed to identify proteomic signature of radiation exposure (9.5Gry) in mice and to assess the utility of Podophyllotoxin extract (PTOX) in preventing radiation injury.

Materials and Methods: Spleen and Small intestinal (SI) tissues were taken from control and lethally irradiated mice at different time intervals with or without pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin extract. Proteins were identified using Mass Spectrometry and matched with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting.

Results: We found multiple differentially expressed radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and SI tissues in irradiated mice at 24 hours and 30 days in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.05). Differentially expressed proteins like Chromosome transmission fidelity factor ano thath 18 homolog (CTF18) and Rho GTPase-activating protein from spleen and Acta_Mouse protein from SI were identified. These proteins disappeared at 48 hrs. after IR, but re-appeared after 13 days and fully recovered at 30 days in Podophyllotoxin treated group.

Conclusions: Such proteins may be useful in early detection of radiation exposure. Pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin leads to recovery of the disappeared proteins and improved survival following exposure to irradiation.

EC CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANATOMY

Introduction: Genetic etiology has been proposed for both idiopathic epilepsy and dermatoglyphics... more Introduction: Genetic etiology has been proposed for both idiopathic epilepsy and dermatoglyphics. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to find out the existence of any correlation between dermatoglyphics and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Aim and Objectives: To analyse dermatoglyphic patterns of hands in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Background: Contribution of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing surgical site infection for some p... more Background: Contribution of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing surgical site infection for some procedures is well known. In spite of knowledge about the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis, its administrative regimens are often inappropriate. Objectives: To study the pattern of use of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and its relationship with surgical site infection (SSI) in a tertiary care teaching Hospital. Methods Hundred case records files of patients admitted in surgical wards of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh who had undergone open bowel surgery, were randomly selected from the Central Record Section and analyzed for prescription pattern for prophylactic antibiotics according to World Health Organization prescribing indicators for number of antibiotics, antibiotics prescribed by generic name and antibiotics prescribed from 'Essential Medicines' List per encounter. Cost of antibiotics, commonly prescribed antibiotics and timing of administration were also studied. Patients who developed surgical site infection and those who did not were compared statistically. Results: Commonly administered antibiotics were Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and Amikacin given intravenously just before surgery. No relationship was seen between patient's age, type of surgery or site of disease and choice of antibiotics. No drug was prescribed by generic name. Total cost on antibiotics was Indian Rupees 73.1 to 218.0. Surgical site infection developed in 40 patients. No significant relationship was found between the administration of different antibiotics. High degree of resistance to Fluoroquinolones followed by second and third generation Cephalosporins was found in infecting organisms. Conclusions: Prescribing pattern was not based on World Health Organization criteria for rational use of drugs and not evidence based. This study indicates the need for interventions to improve rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Nephropathy is an important comorbidity associated with diabetes leading to chronic kidney diseas... more Nephropathy is an important comorbidity associated with diabetes leading to chronic kidney disease. We studied the effect of Ocimum sanctum in comparison to Olmesartanmedoxomil, Pitavastatin and their combination in prevention of this comorbidity. Male Wistar rats were given streptozotocin to induce diabetes and randomly divided into groups. Group 1 (Control group) received Metformin (94.5mg/kg/day)+Distilled Water, Group 2 received Metformin (94.5mg/kg/day) +Ocimum sanctum (250 mg/kg/day), Group 3 received Metformin (94.5mg/kg/day) + Olmesartanmedoxomil(1.80 mg/kg/day), Group 4 received Metformin (94.5mg/kg/day) + Pitavastatin (0.18 mg/kg/day) and Group 5Metformin (94.5mg/kg/day) + Olmesartanmedoxomil (1.80 mg/kg/day) + Pitavastatin (0.18 mg/kg/day). The effects of Metformin alone and with Ocimum sanctum, Olmesartanmedoxomil, Pitavastatin and their combination on blood glucose and renal function test parameters were assessed. All groups showed decrease in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Serum urea and creatinine were increased in the Control group. However, significant improvement in all the parameters studied were seen when Ocimum sanctum, Olmesartan or Pitavastatin were added. Histopathological examination of kidney showed mesangial proliferation, tubular swelling, thickened glomerular basement membrane, hypertrophy in glomerular tufts andhydropic degeneration in control group and improvement in all treatment groups. The best results were seen in Ocimum sanctum and Olmesartan+Pitavastatin groups. Metformin alone does not prevent derangement of renal function and histological changes in the kidney in diabetes mellitus. These changes can be prevented by addition of Olmesartan and Pitavastatin or Ocimum sanctum

Nigella sativa (NS) is a commonly used herb in Asian and African countries. Extensive experimenta... more Nigella sativa (NS) is a commonly used herb in Asian and African countries. Extensive experimental studies have been done to shed light on its hepatoprotective, immunumodulator, antioxidant, antimicrobial and several other useful pharmacological properties. However, there is dearth of evidence to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa extract in neuropathic pain. In this study we have used neuropathic pain model of Wistar rats using intraperitoneal cisplatin injection twice weekly for 4.5 weeks. Animals were divided into six groups of six rats each. Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa, pregabalin, tramadol or combination of pregabalin and tramadol were given orally in Wistar rats in which neuropathy had been induced by cisplatin i.p. injections for 4.5 weeks. Single dose of drugs were given and pain assessment was done by soft touch, crude touch, Eddy’s hotplate and tail flick analgesiometer at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes. Nigella sativa showed significant analgesic effect on cisplatin induced neuropathic pain in all the experiments however pregabalin and tramadol showed better efficacy

Introduction: A bidirectional relationship exists between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dep... more Introduction: A bidirectional relationship exists between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression. There is dearth of research on comparative suitability of different antidepressants in people with T2DM and depression. Aim: To compare the effects of Escitalopram and Agomelatine on glycemic control and symptoms of depression in patients with T2DM and depression. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized, open label, parallel groups study. Patients diagnosed as T2DM with moderate to severe depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Score ≥ 14) were randomized to receive either Escitalopram (10 mg daily) or Agomelatine (25 mg daily) along with antidiabetic agents as per American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2013 guidelines. Depression was assessed using HDRS and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: Escitalopram group showed a significant reduction in FBG and HbA1Cvalues as compared to Agomelatine group at 1 and 2 months. HDRS scores of Escitalopram group were significantly lower than Agomelatine group at 1 and 2 months (8.85 ± 5.86 and15.6 ± 2.5 respectively). Similarly, Escitalopram group showed significantly lower MADRS scoresthan Agomelatine group at 1 and 2 months (13.6 ± 1.85 and 21.15 ± 2.34 respectively). Conclusion: Escitalopram seems to be better than Agomelatinefor glycemic control and ameliorating symptoms of depression in patients of T2DM and depression.

International Journal of Drug Development and Research, Oct 2013

Aims & objective-To compare the efficacy of Budesonide delivered by metered dose inhaler, metered... more Aims & objective-To compare the efficacy of Budesonide delivered by metered dose inhaler, metered dose inhaler with spacer and dry powder inhaler on the lung function test parameters.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the effect of budesonide administered from fifty patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma were budesonide(400mcg) by metered dose inhaler, metered dose inhaler with spacer and by dry powder inhaler at day 14, 21 and 28 after enrolment respectively under direct supervision. Pulmonary function test was done before and one hour after administration of the drug on each visit.
Results: There was no evidence of difference in peak expiratory flow rate (P=0.20), forced expiratory volume in one second (P=0.98), forced vital capacity (P=0.57) and forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio (P=0.34) was seen after giving budesonide by different devices.
Conclusion: Budesonide delivered by metered dose inhaler, metered dose inhaler with spacer and dry powder inhaler have similar effect on lung function in patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma and may be used interchangeably

Objective: The medicinal values of Nigella sativa have been mentioned in ancient literature as us... more Objective: The medicinal values of Nigella sativa have been mentioned in ancient literature as useful in disorders of inflammation. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanol extract of Nigella sativa seed during different phases of its germination on Wistar rats. Methods: Seeds of N. sativa were grown in vitro in glass petri plates using multiple folds of damp filter paper. Complete plantlet with two leaves was obtained in 11 days. The acute anti-inflammatory activity of N. sativa extracts during different phases of germination was measured plethysmographically using kaolin as inflammatory agent, analgesic activity was measured by hot plate method, keeping indomethacin (10mg/kg b.w) as reference standard in both tests.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Jun 2013

Paracetamol overdose causes serious liver necrosis. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extra... more Paracetamol overdose causes serious liver necrosis. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa in Paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. Fasted male Wistar rats were orally treated with Nigella sativa extract in graded doses for 5 days followed by Nigella sativa extract and paracetamol 3 g kg-1 on 6 and 7th day. Circulatory liver markers and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated and histopathological study of liver performed. Paracetamol caused a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and total Bilirubin and a significant decrease in GSH compared to control. Nigella sativa pretreatment significantly prevented the increase in liver enzymes and total bilirubin and decrease in GSH level as compared to paracetamol group. Liver histopathology showed marked reduction in sinusoidal dilatation, midzonal necrosis, portal triaditis and occasional apoptosis in Nigella sativa extract treated groups as compared to group receiving only paracetamol. Nigella sativa extract possesses hepatoprotective action against paracetamol induced acute hepatoxicity. Further research is needed to advocate its prophylactic use for drug induced hepatotoxicity.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of rapid acting insulin analog lispro given subcutaneous... more Aim:
To compare the efficacy and safety of rapid acting insulin analog lispro given subcutaneously with that of standard low-dose intravenous regular insulin infusion protocolin patients with mild to moderate diabetic ketoacidosis.
Materials and Methods:
In this prospective, randomized and open trial, 50 consecutive patients of mild to moderate diabetic ketoacidosis were randomly assigned to two groups. The patients in group 1 were treated with intravenous regular insulin infusion and admitted in intensive care unit. The patients in group 2 were treated with subcutaneous insulin lispro 2 hourly and managed in the emergency medical ward. Response to therapy was assessed by duration of treatment and amount of insulin administered until resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, total length of hospital stay, and number of hypoglycemic events in the two study groups.
Results:
The baseline clinical and biochemical parameters were similar between the two groups. There were no differences in the mean duration of treatment and amount of insulin required for correction of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. There was no mortality and no difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups. The length of stay and amount of insulin required for correction of hyperglycemia was greater in patients who had infection as the precipitating cause than those with poor compliance. The hypoglycemic events were higher in the regular insulin group (2 vs1) than in the lispro group.
Conclusion:
Patients with uncomplicated diabetic ketoacidosis can be managed in the medical wards with appropriate supervision and careful monitoring. Rapid acting insulin analog lispro is a safe and effective alternative to intravenous regular insulin for this subset of patients.

Abstract Human subjects' participation in medical research has often raised ethical concerns. Aft... more Abstract Human subjects' participation in medical research has often raised ethical concerns. After Nazi exploitation; various Guidelines & Declarations were prepared, but still unethical behaviour of healthcare practitioners is being reported. After graduation and entering into practical field; sudden exposure to challenges makes it difficult to take decisions, which shows a lacuna in traditional medical training. There are debates about inclusion of practical ethics in medical curricula.

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health, Jan 1, 2023

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Self Medication Among Second Year Undergraduate Medical Students

Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics, 2011

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014

International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research, 2016

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011

bioRxiv, 2020

EC CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANATOMY

International Journal of Drug Development and Research, Oct 2013

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Jun 2013

Pharmacological Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Fenugreek: Biology and Applications , 2021

Trigonella foenum-graecum possesses great medicinal properties. Seeds and their oil have a long h... more Trigonella foenum-graecum possesses great medicinal properties. Seeds and their oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines. It is popular in traditional systems of medicine like Unani medicine, Ayurveda and Siddha. In Tibb-e-Nabawi (Prophetic Medicine), it is considered a great form of healing medicine and has been recommended for regular use. In Ayurveda, Trigonella finds great utility in disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract as it possesses carminative, digestive and laxative properties. Its pharmacologically active components such as diosgenin and tigogenin possess significant medicinal values. The seed has great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes. It was found to restore the cellular anti-oxidant levels of enzymes playing a vital role in oxidative pathogenesis of diabetes associated complications like nephropathy and neuropathy. It also improves insulin signalling and sensitivity, thereby promoting the cellular actions of insulin. Trigonella possesses anti-hyperlipidaemic effects and studies demonstrated that it lowers serum triglycerides and total cholesterol by inhibiting accumulation of triglycerides and expression of lipogenic genes. Therapeutic effects of Trigonella have been extensively studied in clinical studies. An oral preparation of fenugreek seeds improved glucose metabolism by its insulin-sensitizing effect involving mechanisms that included reduction of circulating melanin-concentrating hormone levels. A polyherbal formulation containing fenugreek significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, HBA1c and LDL levels in people with diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Fenugreek seed showed beneficial potential in the treatment of diseases associated with female genital tract. A saponin enriched extract of Trigonella reduced ovarian volume and number of ovarian cysts while significantly increasing the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in females with PCOD. Another trial demonstrated that de-husked fenugreek seed extract significantly reduced vasomotor, psychological and sexual symptoms associated with menstrual syndrome. Fenugreek extracts significantly increased plasma estradiol levels and improved postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flushes in postmenopausal women. It also produced beneficial effects on male reproductive system like improvement in free testosterone levels and sperm count and morphology.