Dimitar P Dimitrov | Institute of Oceanology-BAS (original) (raw)
books by Dimitar P Dimitrov
The Black Sea problem - possible solutions, Aug 30, 2018
The book The Black Sea problem – possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the fiel... more The book The Black Sea problem – possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field of cleansing hydrogen sulphide from sea basins as well as waste waters. It contents 3 chapters. First Chapter includes the history of the Black Sea, geological and geomorphological characterization and hydrogen sulfide formation. The second Chapter includes brief literature review of proposed methods for purifications and exploitation of the hydrogen sulphide from deep Sea waters. The third part presents the methods for solution of the Black Sea problem developed by the authors: (i) The Black Sea and Hydrogen Energy Economy - Electrolysis of H2S (production of hydrogen and sulfur); (ii) Electrochemical methods for concurrent (simultaneous) oxidation of H2S with reduction of O2 or SO2; (iii) Application of hydrogen sulphide in H2S-O2 fuel cells for Black Sea waters purging. - https://www.morebooks.shop/store/gb/book/the-black-sea-problem-%E2%80%93-possible-solutions/isbn/978-613-9-81805-1
The Black Sea, the Flood and the Ancient Myths, 2003
Въведениe: Би ли повярвал някой, че Черно море е било арена на библейския Потоп? Да, такава теза... more Въведениe:
Би ли повярвал някой, че Черно море е било арена на библейския Потоп? Да, такава теза днес изглежда неправдоподобна. Дали обаче сме разтворили всички страници от най-новата история на Земята и човешката цивилизация?
До неотдавна тълкуването на библейските събития беше изключителна привилегия на теолозите. Считаше се за светотатство учени от други науки да се докосват до темата и да поставят под съмнение някои от постулатите. Освен това съвременната библейска археология пледира, че е решила проблемите за мястото и времето на Потопа.
Познанията за света – както в Библията, така и в Шумерския епос, са ограничени от реките Тигър, Ефрат и Нил. В Шумерския епос юнакът Гилгамеш в търсене на безсмъртието преминава през “Морето на смъртта”. Къде се е намирало това море? Мъртво, Червено, Средиземно, Черно, Каспийско – все морета, кандидати за арена на Потопа.
Проучванията в Месопотамия и Червено море, глинените плочки с Шумерския епос в древната Ниневия, ръкописите на Библията и множество други находки са дали основание да се приемат за място на Потопа поречията на Тигър и Ефрат. Тълкувателите на Библията и теолозите, занимаващи се с археологически проучвания, обаче не са имали представа за грандиозните мащаби на природните катастрофи. Намесата на геолозите през последните години в дешифрирането им доведе до решителен поврат тълкуването на писанията за Потопа и до ревизия на съществуващите представи. Бе доказано, че цивилизациите на Стария свят – Месопотамия, Египет, Крит и Гърция, Индия и Китай, водят началото си от един център. Този единен произход се потвърждава от ритуалната им структура. Още по-недвусмислено свидетелства за това сравнението на различните древни писмености.
Наложилата се представа, че най-старите писмени знаци са датирани около III хил. пр. Хр. , изглежда е на път да бъде отхвърлена именно поради фактите за съществуването на писменост до Потопа.
Професорът по мултилингвистика от Католическия университет в Брюксел Харалд Хаарман твърди, че най-древната писменост в света е намерена на Балканския полуостров. Той датира плочките от Тартария в 5300 г. пр. Хр.
Почти всички учени, изучавали Библията и Шумерския епос, са единодушни в оценката си за тях като за ценен източник на информация. В нито едно от двете произведения обаче не се посочва мястото на Потопа. Истинската история за началото се губи във времето и пространството. Всичко това ни дава основание за търсене на нови факти, които да осветят липсващите страници на историята.
Критическият анализ на древните митове, новите геологически и археологически факти в Черноморския басейн са на път да разрушат догмите и да влеят нова сила в библейските митове.
Великолепните открития на българските археолози – неолитните некрополи от Варна и Дуранкулак, най-старото обработено злато в света, поставиха редица въпроси, и на първо място за ролята на културата “Варна” в човешката история. Определението за варненската култура като за една “несъстояла се цивилизация” вече не издържа на новите факти за наличието на древната неолитна култура по цялото крайбрежие и шелфа на Черно море.
Книгата на американските учени Уилям Райън и Уолтър Питман “Ноевият потоп” и филмът на Би Би Си със същото заглавие предизвикаха научна сензация в края на второто хилядолетие. Книгата е блестящо съчетание на научни аргументи от почти всички области на научното познание, обединени в единен географски център – Черно море. За илюстрация на огромния интерес към изложените от американците научни аргументи ще припомним думите на известния морски изследовател д-р Робърт Балард: “Книгата “Ноевият потоп” на Уилям Райън и Уолтър Питман е омайваща и завладяваща научно-детективска история. Тя трябва да се прочете! И несъмнено ще предизвика множество експедиции за намиране на доказателства, които да потвърдят или отхвърлят тезите. ” Д-р Балард вече опита своя късмет на откривател, работейки през 1999 и 2000 г. в Черно море в района на Синоп, Турция. Резултатите от тези проучвания днес са широко известни. През 2001 и 2002 г. той и неговият екип, заедно с български изследователи, продължиха търсенето на нови обекти в западната част на Черно море. Главната цел на проучването беше търсенето на артефакти на старите брегове – останки от древни праисторически селища.
Тази книга беше замислена още преди 20 години, когато бяха получени убедителни геологически доказателства за Потопа. В нея се поставят основите на една интердисциплинарна наука – геоархеология.
Книгата е подготвена на базата на богат фактически материал събран от авторите по време на дългогодишни експедиционни изследвания. Изложени са най-новите оригинални идеи за геоисторическо развитие на Черноморския басейн.
В обработката на текста, подбора на фигурите значителна помощ ни бе оказана от сътрудниците от секция Морска геология и археология Делчо Солаков, Веселин Пейчев, Преслав Пеев, Недялка Чонкова и художника Боно Шкодров. В процеса на работа разчитахме на подкрепата на ръководителя на разкопките на праисторическото селище и некропол в района на Дуранкулак д-р Тодор Димов.
Възползваме се от възможността да им изкажем своята благодарност за неоценимата помощ и подкрепа.
Черно море, Потопът и древните митове, Jan 16, 2004
PREFACE: It is with pleasure that I write a preface to the English version of this book, “The Bla... more PREFACE:
It is with pleasure that I write a preface to the English version of this
book, “The Black Sea, the Flood and Ancient Myths.” It was originally
written in Bulgarian by the distinguished father and son team of
oceanographers, Petko and Dimitar Dimitrovi, and it is a major contribution
to our understanding of both human evolution and the recent geologic past.
Its importance is emphasized by the authors’ insight into the mythology
surrounding the Great Flood and the elegant convergence of the myth with
scientific facts and observations which, as a totality, has provided these two
eminent scientists with an insight into one of the greatest events of
catastrophic proportions to befall mankind.
The authors have provided a careful analysis of the mythology,
archeological evidence and geological evidence, offering a compelling case
for the existence of an early lake, its influence on the associated settlements
that existed on the current shelf of the Black Sea, and the subsequent flooding
of the Black Sea through the Bosphorous. This marine flooding is a fact and
the sequence of events is well accepted. However, as with all advances in
scientific knowledge, there are those who do not accept the proposition of
THE FLOOD as promulgated in this dissertation. In any scientific endeavor,
there are always some facts that can be disputed or challenged. However,
it is the totality, the meshing of scientific evidence with mythology, that
leads to the insight required for resolving problems raised by past events.
Continued scientific study of the region will provide further evidence that
the interpretations enunciated in this book are valid. This is the way of
science, and it is clear to me that this book will serve as a guide and inspiration
for many investigators to come.
Non-technical readers will not be overwhelmed by the science contained
in this book. It is concise and readable, and it is a wonderful story of scientific
investigation illuminating the mysteries of the past.
- Richard L. Thomas
Черно море, Потопът и древните митове, 2008
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К РУССКОМУ ИЗДАНИЮ: Предлагаемая читателю книга представляет собой описание некоторы... more ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К РУССКОМУ ИЗДАНИЮ:
Предлагаемая читателю книга представляет собой описание некоторых феноменальных и загадочных явлений, связанных с общей и геологической историей уникального по своей природе внутриконтинентального Чёрного моря, являющегося связующим звеном между изолированным в настоящее время Каспийским морем, а также Средиземным морем и в свою очередь с Мировым океаном. Чёрное и Азовское моря изучали выдающиеся русские ученые-классики морской геологии Н. И. Андрусов, А. Д. Архангельский, Н. М. Страхов. Значительный объем исследований провели в совместных морских экспедициях украинские и болгарские геологи. Результаты этих исследований опубликованы в десятках монографий и сотнях научных статей. Тем не менее, многие моменты геологической истории Чёрного моря до конца однозначно не выяснены. Это, по-видимому, явилось основанием для написания ряда крупных научных и научно-популярных работ с привлечением отдельных малоизвестных геологических фактов. Заключительные тысячелетия четвертичной геологической истории Чёрного моря послужили У. Райану, У. Питману и П. Димитрову для воссоздания, как они считают, событий Всемирного Потопа, что вызвало широкий резонанс среди геологов и археологов. В частности, П. Димитров, отмечает, что береговая линия пресноводного новоэвксинского бассейна на месте современного Чёрного моря располагалась 9750-7500 лет назад на отметке −90 – 120 м. Этот озёрный бассейн был почти пресноводным с очень благоприятными условиями, по берегам которого существовала высокоразвитая древняя цивилизация, уничтоженная внезапным прорывом средиземноморских вод. Этот прорыв соленых средиземноморских вод в пресноводный Черноморский бассейн сопровождался образованием сероводорода, уничтожившего весь живой мир водного бассейна, а, следовательно, отрицательно повлиявшего на экологические условия прибрежных районов. К катастрофическим явлениям разного масштаба относятся землетрясения, неоднократно проявлявшиеся в течение исторической эпохи, грязевый вулканизм, нередко сопровождаемый факелами горящих газов. Эти явления, совместно с довольно быстрым подъемом уровня морских вод, безусловно, создали кризисные условия природной среды. Возможно, все это привело к перемещению населения от берегов Черного моря вглубь континента, возникновению и развитию таких эпохальных явлений, как трипольская культура. Наиболее благоприятный климатический оптимум голоцена наступил 5-6 тыс. лет тому назад, уровень Чёрного моря достиг современной отметки или превышал ее. По-видимому, с этим периодом связана варненская культура, проявления которой обнаружены в Варненском озере. Результаты геологических и археологических исследований, описанные в книге, заслуживают внимания и дальнейшего развития. Работы в этом направлении могут привести к совершенно новым, неожиданным открытиям. К их числу можно отнести обнаружение античных городов и поселений по берегам Чёрного и Азовского морей, установление путей сообщения Чёрного и Каспийского морей в раннеисторическое время, находки затонувших античных кораблей и т. д. Выводы авторов во многом спорны, но безусловно интересны. - Академик Национальной академии наук Украины Е. Ф. Шнюков Киев, 15.05.2008 г.
Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea, Jan 2010
The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, prope... more The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) formed during the newest ages of the geological history of the Black Sea. It examines also the natural conditions influencing the formation of the sediment complex and the mineral resources. The Black Sea is seen as a unique natural geobiotechnological reactor capable of generating specific geological resources. The object of this study is the Black Sea bottom and more specifically the Bulgarian economic zone and the western region of the Black Sea and the subject of the study is the origin, the properties and the distribution of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) and the evaluation of the possibilities to use them as a complex raw material. This paper lays the foundations of the application of a new type of complex raw material from the bottom of the Black Sea and examines the composition, the properties, the distribution and the origin of DSOMS as well as the possible spheres of their economic application and extraction.
Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea, Aug 16, 2010
The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, prope... more The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) formed during the newest ages of the geological history of the Black Sea. It examines also the natural conditions influencing the formation of the sediment complex and the mineral resources. The Black Sea is seen as a unique natural geobiotechnological reactor capable of generating specific geological resources. The object of this study is the Black Sea bottom and more specifically the Bulgarian economic zone and the western region of the Black Sea and the subject of the study is the origin, the properties and the distribution of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) and the evaluation of the possibilities to use them as a complex raw material. This paper lays the foundations of the application of a new type of complex raw material from the bottom of the Black Sea and examines the composition, the properties, the distribution and the origin of DSOMS as well as the possible spheres of their economic application and extraction.
OCEANOLOGY, 2012
Въведение: Учебникът „Океанология” е първото по рода си издание на български език, което е посв... more Въведение:
Учебникът „Океанология” е първото по рода си издание на
български език, което е посветено на физичните, химичните,
геологичните и биологични процеси и явления в Световния океан,
като особено внимание е отделено на Черно море и Изключителната
икономическа зона (ИИЗ) на Република България в него.
Идеята на авторите е той да запълни една голяма празнина в
нашата научна литература–твърде ограничените по брой издания по
темата до момента са посветени почти изключително на физическата
океанография:
„Океанография”, 1926 г. на контраадмирал Сава Иванов; „Физика
на океана”, 1988 г. на проф. Емил Станев; „Енциклопедичен речник
по океанология”, 1992 г. под редакцията на акад. Еким Бончев;
„Океанология: физика на океаните”, 2006 г. на проф. Диана Кюркчиева.
Същевременно сред българската общественост и медиите възникна
въпросът „Що е океанология и има ли тя почва у нас?”, на който
авторите се опитват да отговорят.
В своята антиутопия „1984” английският писател Джордж Оруел
разказва за държавата Океания един от основополагащите принципи,
на която е бил „Невежеството е сила”. Хората, които се питат какво
изучава океанологията и какъв е смисълът от съществуването на
Института по океанология „Проф. Фритьоф Нансен” – БАН, след
като България не граничи с океани, просто потвърждават този
основополагащ принцип на Оруел.
Учебникът е предназначен за студентите от специалност „Океанско
инженерство” на ВВМУ „Н. Й. Вапцаров”, за студенти по науки за
Земята от други висши училища, както и за всички любознателни
читатели.
Авторите проф. дн Веселин Пейчев и доц. д-р Димитър Димитров
работят от дълги години в секция „Морска геология и археология”
на Института по океанология „Проф. Фритьоф Нансен” - БАН, гр.
Варна. Глава 21 е написана от инж. Константин Щерев, управител на
фондация „Черноморски изследователски фонд“ (Black Sea research
fund).
Учебникът "ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ" е удостоен с Награда Варна за
природни науки за 2013 г.
С написването на учебника авторите не се справиха веднага, а им
беше необходимо малко време.
articles by Dimitar P Dimitrov
Engineering Geological and Hydrotechnical Conditions of Primorsko Fishing Port, SE Bulgaria. Инженерногеоложки и хидротехнически условия на рибарско пристанище Приморско, ЮИ България, Mar 7, 2024
The present study is related to the preparation of a project for the construction of a fishing po... more The present study is related to the preparation of a project for the construction of a fishing port for small vessels in the area between the mouth of the Dyavolska River and Cape Kyupria (SE Bulgaria) with the aim of protecting the water area from dangerous wave loads, geological and meteorological impacts and creating conditions for safe docking, service and accommodation of the fishing vessels. The geological structure, geomorphology and physical-geological phenomena in the water area of Primorsko Fishing Port in the southern part of Cape Kyupria have been clarified. An engineering-geological project was prepared, the physico-mechanical indicators of the construction soils and the geotechnical characteristics of the ground base were determined. A complex package of scientific and engineering-geological methods was applied during the implementation of the project. Based on the obtained scientific and applied results, recommendations were made to the Municipality of Primorsko in connection with the construction of the port. The foundation conditions of the designed wharf with a walled pier are favorable for the construction of the wharf with gravity hydrotechnical facilities.
Резюме. Настоящото изследване е свързано с предстоящото изграждане на рибарско пристанище за малки плавателни съдове в района между устието на р. Дяволска и нос Кюприя с цел защита на акваторията от опасно вълново натоварване, геоложки и метеорологични въздействия и създаване на условия за безопасно приставане, обслужване и домуване на рибарските кораби. Изяснени са геоложкият строеж, геоморфологията и физико-геоложките явления в акваторията на рибарско пристанище "Приморско" в южната част на нос Кюприя. Изготвен е инженерногеоложки проект, определени са физикомеханичните показатели на строителните почви и геотехническите характеристики на земната основа. При изпълнението на задачата са приложени комплексно пакет от научни, вкл. инженерногеоложки методи. На базата на получените научно-приложни резултати са направени препоръки до община Приморско във връзка със строителството на пристанището. Условията за фундиране на проектирания пристан с ограден мол са благоприятни за изграждане на пристанището с гравитационни хидротехнически съоръжения.
Summer Biomass Variability and Spatial Interactions between European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and Moon Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) in the Western Part of the Black Sea, Nov 29, 2023
Simple Summary: Between 2019 and 2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea ... more Simple Summary: Between 2019 and 2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea monitored the biomass of sprat and moon jellyfish and their spatial variability in the summer. Investigations into the correlation patterns between the two plankton-feeding species revealed that gelatinous plankton can have a weak-to-moderate effect on the spatial distribution of sprat assemblages in coastal areas.
Abstract: Over the past few decades, various causal connections between commercial small pelagic fish species and gelatinous zooplankton have been reported in the Black Sea, which affect the pelagic ecosystem. Recently, moon jellyfish regained dominance among gelatinous plankton; however, biomass fluctuations and interactions with small pelagic fish remain poorly understood. During the summers of 2019–2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea enabled simultaneous monitoring of small pelagic fish biomass, with sprat as the key species and moon jellyfish as an
incidental catch. In total, 153 trawl hauls were conducted across four depth strata from 15 to 100 m, and a “swept area” method was used for biomass estimation. The sprat stock biomass ranged from 10,698 to 29,177 t, with an average value of 19,432 ± 4834 t. The total biomass of moon jellyfish was 2002 ± 868.73 t, and dense aggregations were observed in the coastal waters during certain years.
Two scenarios of spatial interactions between planktivorous species were identified and linked to the formation of A. aurita aggregations. We found that changes in jellyfish density were associated with weak-to-moderate effects on the spatial distribution of sprat assemblages in coastal areas.
Comparative study on the oxidative stress of commercially important fish species from localities with different ecological conditions along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, Apr 21, 2022
The aim of the present study was to perform a pilot assessment and analysis of the oxidative stre... more The aim of the present study was to perform a pilot assessment and analysis of the oxidative stress (OS) level in four commercially important fish species (round goby, red mullet, sprat and horse mackerel) from different localities of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The fish were sampled during trawl selectivity experiments. The OS level in the fish was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione concentration (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in gills and liver. Round goby and red mullet caught in the Nessebar Bay showed clear signs of OS with the highest levels of LPO and GST activities, accompanied by the lowest AChE activities in both liver and gills. On the contrary, round goby caught near Maslen Nos (a region with good ecological conditions) were least affected by OS with low LPO and high GSH concentrations and SOD activity. There were no significant differences in the OS bioindicators of horse mackerel from the different localities. Sprat caught in Nessebar Bay, compared to those caught from the other localities, showed presence of OS indicated by lower GSH levels and relatively higher CAT, GPx and GST activities, accompanied by low AChE activity in gills. It can be concluded that round goby and red mullet were more vulnerable to OS induced by marine environmental factors than the horse mackerel and sprat. However, their antioxidant defense system allows them to tolerate and adapt to the environment of their habitats. Further studies are needed for the assessment of OS in important fish species in the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea.
Geological-geomorphological characteristics and petrographical composition of the St. Anastasia Island, Mar 23, 2021
St. Anastasia Island is one of the symbols of the cultural and historical heritage of the Republi... more St. Anastasia Island is one of the symbols of the cultural and historical heritage of the Republic of Bulgaria. This raises the need for the study of risky oceanographic factors, climatic phenomena, risky geological processes as well as detailed petrographical characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks forming the islands. The results of the petrographical study show that the island was built by Alkali feldspar trachytes. The volcanics from St. Anastasia Island shows a close petrochemical similarity to the volcanics from Alatepenski paleovolcano belonging to the "Peripheral Volcanic Centers" in the region.
Keywords: Burgas Gulf, St. Anastasia Island, Quaternary marine sediments, Upper Cretaceous, volcanic rocks, petrography, Alkali feldspar trachyte
Stratified Seafloor Marine Litter Assessment. Bulgarian Black Sea Waters Case, Jun 19, 2020
Marine litter was acknowledged as one of the most serious threats to marine ecosystems, including... more Marine litter was acknowledged as one of the most serious threats to marine ecosystems, including living marine organisms and their habitats. Numerous studies are investigating the overall impact of marine litter to sea life and indirect to humans and the outcome shows that the problem is very complex. It has short term and long term negative effects, some of them are eventually still unknown, and therefore the latter has been seriously underestimated throughout the years. The present study targets to provide an overview of the spatial distribution and initial assessment of marine litter abundance in the Bulgarian sector of the Black sea waters as well as more precise classification of dominating litter categories to serve as basis for analysis of the current state and to lay down the foundation of more comprehensive marine litter monitoring. Combined stratified fish stock and marine litter assessment survey was carried out for three consecutive years (2015-2017) and results were analyzed in terms of proper differentiation and classification of the marine litter items collected and the most frequent litter groups are identified accordingly.
Keywords: marine litter, stratified assessment, trawl survey, marine litter classification, spatial distribution, marine litter impact
Engineering-geological investigation in the coastal zone of St. Anastasia Island, Dec 31, 2019
The Engineering-geological research relates to the development of concepts for the reconstruction... more The Engineering-geological research relates to the development of concepts for the reconstruction and extension of an existing harbor for small vessels on St. Anastasia Island in order to protect the water area from dangerous geological and meteorological conditions. It is confirmed that in connection with the construction of future hydrotechnical facilities, the studied area is presented of Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and Quaternary marine sediments, subjected to the active impact of lithodynamic processes in Burgas Gulf. The performed Engineering geological studies included sampling, sample analysis, strength-deformation and physico-mechanical characteristics of lithological varieties and foundation conditions. The conditions for the foundation of the designed pier with a fenced mall are favorable for two types of hydrotechnical constructions: gravity and pilot.
Настоящото изследване е свързано с изготвяне на концепции за реконструкция и разширяване на съществуващ пристан за малки плавателни съдове на остров Света Анастасия с цел защита на акваторията от опасни геоложки и метеорологични условия. Проведените инженерногеоложки проучвания включваха вземане и селекция на проби, анализ на пробите, якостно-деформационни и физико-механични характеристики на литоложките разновидности и условията на фундиране. Условията за фундиране на проектирания пристан с ограден мол са благоприятни за два типа хидротехнически конструкции: гравитационна и пилотна.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis on Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) Surveys Catch per Unit Effort and Catch per Unit Area from Bulgarian Marine Zone, Dec 30, 2019
Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) is a keynote species in the Black Sea, and stock dynamics is highly ... more Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) is a keynote species in the Black Sea, and stock dynamics is highly affected by the fisheries and environmental conditions. Another important feature of the species is cyclic nature of its spawning stock biomass and recruitment. Thus, seasonal fishery independent surveys are crucial for stock condition evaluation and managerial decisions for sustainable exploitation. Sprat surveys under DCF (DCR199/2000 EC) were conducted in spring 2007-2010 and autumn 2015-2018. The present paper considers the use of GIS application which is frequently used as a supplementary tool for spatial analyses of fisheries activities including commercial fishing , impacts of IUU fishing, by-catch, unintentional catch of protected species, etc. Analyses are to support the follow-up assessment and decision-making process. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to explain biomass variability within the stratified survey area as well as population distribution analysis, based on the survey results. High variability was identified in both parameters Catch per unit area (CPUA) and Catch per unit effort (CPUE) within different seasons and years. PCA and stock distribution analysis results are explained in the view of stock biomass distribution within the stratified survey area.
THE BLACK SEA PROBLEM – POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (Presentation of new book), Feb 2019
The book The Black Sea problem-possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field ... more The book The Black Sea problem-possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field of cleansing hydrogen sulphide from sea basins as well as waste waters. It contents 3 chapters. First Chapter includes the history of the Black Sea, geological and geomorphological characterization and hydrogen sulphide formation. The second Chapter includes brief literature review of proposed methods for purifications and exploitation of the hydrogen sulphide from deep Sea waters. The third part presents the methods for solution of the Black Sea problem developed by the authors: (i) The Black Sea and Hydrogen Energy Economy-Electrolysis of H2S (production of hydrogen and sulfur); (ii) Electrochemical methods for concurrent (simultaneous) oxidation of H2S with reduction of O2 or SO2; (iii) Application of hydrogen sulphide in H2S-O2 fuel cells for Black Sea waters purging.
Съвременно състояние на теорията за „Ноевия потоп” в Черно море и нейното практическо значение, Aug 1, 2018
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is ... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the Early Holocene flood in the Black Sea. This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Prof. Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines of the Black Sea, 1978”. - Key words: geomorphology and peleogeography of ancient coastlines, radiocarbon datings, sapropelic sediments, hydrogen sulfide, natural ecological fertilizer, agriculture. - http://www.istor-konf-varna.com/Dokladi/Text/sbornik2018.pdf
CURRENT STATUS OF THE NOAH’S FLOOD THEORY (BLACK SEA DELUGE THEORY) IN THE BLACK SEA AND ITS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE, Jan 2018
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thous... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the early Holocene flood in the Black Sea.This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines in Black Sea”.
A New Find of Properca angusta (Agassiz) (Pisces) in Euxinograd Formation – Miocene (Sarmatian), Varna Region, Bulgaria, May 1, 2018
The paper presents a new fossil find of Properca angusta (Ag.) (Pisces) found in sediments at Eux... more The paper presents a new fossil find of Properca angusta (Ag.) (Pisces) found in sediments at Euxinograd Formation with Miocene (Sarmatian) Age. The paleogeographic picture across the Sarmatian is related to the existence of a semi-isolated Euxinian basin, with periodic changes in the hydrological regime – from saline to refreshed waters. The established bony fish marks a stage in the refreshment and splicing of the Euxinian basin and proves how changing the hydrodynamic conditions has led to adaptive changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fauna. The paleontological description and paleoecological value of the specimen allows to interpret the palaeogeographic conditions of the Euxinian basin, which is a residual sleeper of the Crimean-Caucasian type of Sarmatian basin (Eastern Paratethys).
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MIOCENE AND QUATERNARY MARINE SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL ZONE OF THE REGI ON “KARANTINATA” IN VARNA GULF, Jan 2018
The geological and geomorphological research is related to the construction of the fishing port "... more The geological and geomorphological research is related to the construction of the fishing port "Karantinata", located in Asparuhovo district in the southern part of Varna Gulf. It is confirmed that in connection with the construction of future hydrotechnical facilities, the studied area is presented of Miocene and Quaternary sediments, subjected to the active impact of lithodynamic processes in Varna Gulf. - Keywords: Varna gulf, marine sediments, Miocene, Quaternary
CURRENT STATUS OF THE NOAH’S FLOOD THEORY (BLACK SEA DELUGE THEORY) ON THE BLACK SEA AND ITS PRACTICIAL SIGNIFICANCE. // СЪВРЕМЕННО СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ТЕОРИЯТА ЗА „НОЕВИЯ ПОТОП” В ЧЕРНО МОРЕ И НЕЙНОТО ПРАКТИЧЕСКО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ, Oct 2017
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is ... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the early Holocene flood in the Black Sea. This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines of the Black Sea”.
The Black Sea problem - possible solutions, Aug 30, 2018
The book The Black Sea problem – possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the fiel... more The book The Black Sea problem – possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field of cleansing hydrogen sulphide from sea basins as well as waste waters. It contents 3 chapters. First Chapter includes the history of the Black Sea, geological and geomorphological characterization and hydrogen sulfide formation. The second Chapter includes brief literature review of proposed methods for purifications and exploitation of the hydrogen sulphide from deep Sea waters. The third part presents the methods for solution of the Black Sea problem developed by the authors: (i) The Black Sea and Hydrogen Energy Economy - Electrolysis of H2S (production of hydrogen and sulfur); (ii) Electrochemical methods for concurrent (simultaneous) oxidation of H2S with reduction of O2 or SO2; (iii) Application of hydrogen sulphide in H2S-O2 fuel cells for Black Sea waters purging. - https://www.morebooks.shop/store/gb/book/the-black-sea-problem-%E2%80%93-possible-solutions/isbn/978-613-9-81805-1
The Black Sea, the Flood and the Ancient Myths, 2003
Въведениe: Би ли повярвал някой, че Черно море е било арена на библейския Потоп? Да, такава теза... more Въведениe:
Би ли повярвал някой, че Черно море е било арена на библейския Потоп? Да, такава теза днес изглежда неправдоподобна. Дали обаче сме разтворили всички страници от най-новата история на Земята и човешката цивилизация?
До неотдавна тълкуването на библейските събития беше изключителна привилегия на теолозите. Считаше се за светотатство учени от други науки да се докосват до темата и да поставят под съмнение някои от постулатите. Освен това съвременната библейска археология пледира, че е решила проблемите за мястото и времето на Потопа.
Познанията за света – както в Библията, така и в Шумерския епос, са ограничени от реките Тигър, Ефрат и Нил. В Шумерския епос юнакът Гилгамеш в търсене на безсмъртието преминава през “Морето на смъртта”. Къде се е намирало това море? Мъртво, Червено, Средиземно, Черно, Каспийско – все морета, кандидати за арена на Потопа.
Проучванията в Месопотамия и Червено море, глинените плочки с Шумерския епос в древната Ниневия, ръкописите на Библията и множество други находки са дали основание да се приемат за място на Потопа поречията на Тигър и Ефрат. Тълкувателите на Библията и теолозите, занимаващи се с археологически проучвания, обаче не са имали представа за грандиозните мащаби на природните катастрофи. Намесата на геолозите през последните години в дешифрирането им доведе до решителен поврат тълкуването на писанията за Потопа и до ревизия на съществуващите представи. Бе доказано, че цивилизациите на Стария свят – Месопотамия, Египет, Крит и Гърция, Индия и Китай, водят началото си от един център. Този единен произход се потвърждава от ритуалната им структура. Още по-недвусмислено свидетелства за това сравнението на различните древни писмености.
Наложилата се представа, че най-старите писмени знаци са датирани около III хил. пр. Хр. , изглежда е на път да бъде отхвърлена именно поради фактите за съществуването на писменост до Потопа.
Професорът по мултилингвистика от Католическия университет в Брюксел Харалд Хаарман твърди, че най-древната писменост в света е намерена на Балканския полуостров. Той датира плочките от Тартария в 5300 г. пр. Хр.
Почти всички учени, изучавали Библията и Шумерския епос, са единодушни в оценката си за тях като за ценен източник на информация. В нито едно от двете произведения обаче не се посочва мястото на Потопа. Истинската история за началото се губи във времето и пространството. Всичко това ни дава основание за търсене на нови факти, които да осветят липсващите страници на историята.
Критическият анализ на древните митове, новите геологически и археологически факти в Черноморския басейн са на път да разрушат догмите и да влеят нова сила в библейските митове.
Великолепните открития на българските археолози – неолитните некрополи от Варна и Дуранкулак, най-старото обработено злато в света, поставиха редица въпроси, и на първо място за ролята на културата “Варна” в човешката история. Определението за варненската култура като за една “несъстояла се цивилизация” вече не издържа на новите факти за наличието на древната неолитна култура по цялото крайбрежие и шелфа на Черно море.
Книгата на американските учени Уилям Райън и Уолтър Питман “Ноевият потоп” и филмът на Би Би Си със същото заглавие предизвикаха научна сензация в края на второто хилядолетие. Книгата е блестящо съчетание на научни аргументи от почти всички области на научното познание, обединени в единен географски център – Черно море. За илюстрация на огромния интерес към изложените от американците научни аргументи ще припомним думите на известния морски изследовател д-р Робърт Балард: “Книгата “Ноевият потоп” на Уилям Райън и Уолтър Питман е омайваща и завладяваща научно-детективска история. Тя трябва да се прочете! И несъмнено ще предизвика множество експедиции за намиране на доказателства, които да потвърдят или отхвърлят тезите. ” Д-р Балард вече опита своя късмет на откривател, работейки през 1999 и 2000 г. в Черно море в района на Синоп, Турция. Резултатите от тези проучвания днес са широко известни. През 2001 и 2002 г. той и неговият екип, заедно с български изследователи, продължиха търсенето на нови обекти в западната част на Черно море. Главната цел на проучването беше търсенето на артефакти на старите брегове – останки от древни праисторически селища.
Тази книга беше замислена още преди 20 години, когато бяха получени убедителни геологически доказателства за Потопа. В нея се поставят основите на една интердисциплинарна наука – геоархеология.
Книгата е подготвена на базата на богат фактически материал събран от авторите по време на дългогодишни експедиционни изследвания. Изложени са най-новите оригинални идеи за геоисторическо развитие на Черноморския басейн.
В обработката на текста, подбора на фигурите значителна помощ ни бе оказана от сътрудниците от секция Морска геология и археология Делчо Солаков, Веселин Пейчев, Преслав Пеев, Недялка Чонкова и художника Боно Шкодров. В процеса на работа разчитахме на подкрепата на ръководителя на разкопките на праисторическото селище и некропол в района на Дуранкулак д-р Тодор Димов.
Възползваме се от възможността да им изкажем своята благодарност за неоценимата помощ и подкрепа.
Черно море, Потопът и древните митове, Jan 16, 2004
PREFACE: It is with pleasure that I write a preface to the English version of this book, “The Bla... more PREFACE:
It is with pleasure that I write a preface to the English version of this
book, “The Black Sea, the Flood and Ancient Myths.” It was originally
written in Bulgarian by the distinguished father and son team of
oceanographers, Petko and Dimitar Dimitrovi, and it is a major contribution
to our understanding of both human evolution and the recent geologic past.
Its importance is emphasized by the authors’ insight into the mythology
surrounding the Great Flood and the elegant convergence of the myth with
scientific facts and observations which, as a totality, has provided these two
eminent scientists with an insight into one of the greatest events of
catastrophic proportions to befall mankind.
The authors have provided a careful analysis of the mythology,
archeological evidence and geological evidence, offering a compelling case
for the existence of an early lake, its influence on the associated settlements
that existed on the current shelf of the Black Sea, and the subsequent flooding
of the Black Sea through the Bosphorous. This marine flooding is a fact and
the sequence of events is well accepted. However, as with all advances in
scientific knowledge, there are those who do not accept the proposition of
THE FLOOD as promulgated in this dissertation. In any scientific endeavor,
there are always some facts that can be disputed or challenged. However,
it is the totality, the meshing of scientific evidence with mythology, that
leads to the insight required for resolving problems raised by past events.
Continued scientific study of the region will provide further evidence that
the interpretations enunciated in this book are valid. This is the way of
science, and it is clear to me that this book will serve as a guide and inspiration
for many investigators to come.
Non-technical readers will not be overwhelmed by the science contained
in this book. It is concise and readable, and it is a wonderful story of scientific
investigation illuminating the mysteries of the past.
- Richard L. Thomas
Черно море, Потопът и древните митове, 2008
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К РУССКОМУ ИЗДАНИЮ: Предлагаемая читателю книга представляет собой описание некоторы... more ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ К РУССКОМУ ИЗДАНИЮ:
Предлагаемая читателю книга представляет собой описание некоторых феноменальных и загадочных явлений, связанных с общей и геологической историей уникального по своей природе внутриконтинентального Чёрного моря, являющегося связующим звеном между изолированным в настоящее время Каспийским морем, а также Средиземным морем и в свою очередь с Мировым океаном. Чёрное и Азовское моря изучали выдающиеся русские ученые-классики морской геологии Н. И. Андрусов, А. Д. Архангельский, Н. М. Страхов. Значительный объем исследований провели в совместных морских экспедициях украинские и болгарские геологи. Результаты этих исследований опубликованы в десятках монографий и сотнях научных статей. Тем не менее, многие моменты геологической истории Чёрного моря до конца однозначно не выяснены. Это, по-видимому, явилось основанием для написания ряда крупных научных и научно-популярных работ с привлечением отдельных малоизвестных геологических фактов. Заключительные тысячелетия четвертичной геологической истории Чёрного моря послужили У. Райану, У. Питману и П. Димитрову для воссоздания, как они считают, событий Всемирного Потопа, что вызвало широкий резонанс среди геологов и археологов. В частности, П. Димитров, отмечает, что береговая линия пресноводного новоэвксинского бассейна на месте современного Чёрного моря располагалась 9750-7500 лет назад на отметке −90 – 120 м. Этот озёрный бассейн был почти пресноводным с очень благоприятными условиями, по берегам которого существовала высокоразвитая древняя цивилизация, уничтоженная внезапным прорывом средиземноморских вод. Этот прорыв соленых средиземноморских вод в пресноводный Черноморский бассейн сопровождался образованием сероводорода, уничтожившего весь живой мир водного бассейна, а, следовательно, отрицательно повлиявшего на экологические условия прибрежных районов. К катастрофическим явлениям разного масштаба относятся землетрясения, неоднократно проявлявшиеся в течение исторической эпохи, грязевый вулканизм, нередко сопровождаемый факелами горящих газов. Эти явления, совместно с довольно быстрым подъемом уровня морских вод, безусловно, создали кризисные условия природной среды. Возможно, все это привело к перемещению населения от берегов Черного моря вглубь континента, возникновению и развитию таких эпохальных явлений, как трипольская культура. Наиболее благоприятный климатический оптимум голоцена наступил 5-6 тыс. лет тому назад, уровень Чёрного моря достиг современной отметки или превышал ее. По-видимому, с этим периодом связана варненская культура, проявления которой обнаружены в Варненском озере. Результаты геологических и археологических исследований, описанные в книге, заслуживают внимания и дальнейшего развития. Работы в этом направлении могут привести к совершенно новым, неожиданным открытиям. К их числу можно отнести обнаружение античных городов и поселений по берегам Чёрного и Азовского морей, установление путей сообщения Чёрного и Каспийского морей в раннеисторическое время, находки затонувших античных кораблей и т. д. Выводы авторов во многом спорны, но безусловно интересны. - Академик Национальной академии наук Украины Е. Ф. Шнюков Киев, 15.05.2008 г.
Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea, Jan 2010
The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, prope... more The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) formed during the newest ages of the geological history of the Black Sea. It examines also the natural conditions influencing the formation of the sediment complex and the mineral resources. The Black Sea is seen as a unique natural geobiotechnological reactor capable of generating specific geological resources. The object of this study is the Black Sea bottom and more specifically the Bulgarian economic zone and the western region of the Black Sea and the subject of the study is the origin, the properties and the distribution of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) and the evaluation of the possibilities to use them as a complex raw material. This paper lays the foundations of the application of a new type of complex raw material from the bottom of the Black Sea and examines the composition, the properties, the distribution and the origin of DSOMS as well as the possible spheres of their economic application and extraction.
Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea, Aug 16, 2010
The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, prope... more The monograph "Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea" examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) formed during the newest ages of the geological history of the Black Sea. It examines also the natural conditions influencing the formation of the sediment complex and the mineral resources. The Black Sea is seen as a unique natural geobiotechnological reactor capable of generating specific geological resources. The object of this study is the Black Sea bottom and more specifically the Bulgarian economic zone and the western region of the Black Sea and the subject of the study is the origin, the properties and the distribution of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) and the evaluation of the possibilities to use them as a complex raw material. This paper lays the foundations of the application of a new type of complex raw material from the bottom of the Black Sea and examines the composition, the properties, the distribution and the origin of DSOMS as well as the possible spheres of their economic application and extraction.
OCEANOLOGY, 2012
Въведение: Учебникът „Океанология” е първото по рода си издание на български език, което е посв... more Въведение:
Учебникът „Океанология” е първото по рода си издание на
български език, което е посветено на физичните, химичните,
геологичните и биологични процеси и явления в Световния океан,
като особено внимание е отделено на Черно море и Изключителната
икономическа зона (ИИЗ) на Република България в него.
Идеята на авторите е той да запълни една голяма празнина в
нашата научна литература–твърде ограничените по брой издания по
темата до момента са посветени почти изключително на физическата
океанография:
„Океанография”, 1926 г. на контраадмирал Сава Иванов; „Физика
на океана”, 1988 г. на проф. Емил Станев; „Енциклопедичен речник
по океанология”, 1992 г. под редакцията на акад. Еким Бончев;
„Океанология: физика на океаните”, 2006 г. на проф. Диана Кюркчиева.
Същевременно сред българската общественост и медиите възникна
въпросът „Що е океанология и има ли тя почва у нас?”, на който
авторите се опитват да отговорят.
В своята антиутопия „1984” английският писател Джордж Оруел
разказва за държавата Океания един от основополагащите принципи,
на която е бил „Невежеството е сила”. Хората, които се питат какво
изучава океанологията и какъв е смисълът от съществуването на
Института по океанология „Проф. Фритьоф Нансен” – БАН, след
като България не граничи с океани, просто потвърждават този
основополагащ принцип на Оруел.
Учебникът е предназначен за студентите от специалност „Океанско
инженерство” на ВВМУ „Н. Й. Вапцаров”, за студенти по науки за
Земята от други висши училища, както и за всички любознателни
читатели.
Авторите проф. дн Веселин Пейчев и доц. д-р Димитър Димитров
работят от дълги години в секция „Морска геология и археология”
на Института по океанология „Проф. Фритьоф Нансен” - БАН, гр.
Варна. Глава 21 е написана от инж. Константин Щерев, управител на
фондация „Черноморски изследователски фонд“ (Black Sea research
fund).
Учебникът "ОКЕАНОЛОГИЯ" е удостоен с Награда Варна за
природни науки за 2013 г.
С написването на учебника авторите не се справиха веднага, а им
беше необходимо малко време.
Engineering Geological and Hydrotechnical Conditions of Primorsko Fishing Port, SE Bulgaria. Инженерногеоложки и хидротехнически условия на рибарско пристанище Приморско, ЮИ България, Mar 7, 2024
The present study is related to the preparation of a project for the construction of a fishing po... more The present study is related to the preparation of a project for the construction of a fishing port for small vessels in the area between the mouth of the Dyavolska River and Cape Kyupria (SE Bulgaria) with the aim of protecting the water area from dangerous wave loads, geological and meteorological impacts and creating conditions for safe docking, service and accommodation of the fishing vessels. The geological structure, geomorphology and physical-geological phenomena in the water area of Primorsko Fishing Port in the southern part of Cape Kyupria have been clarified. An engineering-geological project was prepared, the physico-mechanical indicators of the construction soils and the geotechnical characteristics of the ground base were determined. A complex package of scientific and engineering-geological methods was applied during the implementation of the project. Based on the obtained scientific and applied results, recommendations were made to the Municipality of Primorsko in connection with the construction of the port. The foundation conditions of the designed wharf with a walled pier are favorable for the construction of the wharf with gravity hydrotechnical facilities.
Резюме. Настоящото изследване е свързано с предстоящото изграждане на рибарско пристанище за малки плавателни съдове в района между устието на р. Дяволска и нос Кюприя с цел защита на акваторията от опасно вълново натоварване, геоложки и метеорологични въздействия и създаване на условия за безопасно приставане, обслужване и домуване на рибарските кораби. Изяснени са геоложкият строеж, геоморфологията и физико-геоложките явления в акваторията на рибарско пристанище "Приморско" в южната част на нос Кюприя. Изготвен е инженерногеоложки проект, определени са физикомеханичните показатели на строителните почви и геотехническите характеристики на земната основа. При изпълнението на задачата са приложени комплексно пакет от научни, вкл. инженерногеоложки методи. На базата на получените научно-приложни резултати са направени препоръки до община Приморско във връзка със строителството на пристанището. Условията за фундиране на проектирания пристан с ограден мол са благоприятни за изграждане на пристанището с гравитационни хидротехнически съоръжения.
Summer Biomass Variability and Spatial Interactions between European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and Moon Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) in the Western Part of the Black Sea, Nov 29, 2023
Simple Summary: Between 2019 and 2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea ... more Simple Summary: Between 2019 and 2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea monitored the biomass of sprat and moon jellyfish and their spatial variability in the summer. Investigations into the correlation patterns between the two plankton-feeding species revealed that gelatinous plankton can have a weak-to-moderate effect on the spatial distribution of sprat assemblages in coastal areas.
Abstract: Over the past few decades, various causal connections between commercial small pelagic fish species and gelatinous zooplankton have been reported in the Black Sea, which affect the pelagic ecosystem. Recently, moon jellyfish regained dominance among gelatinous plankton; however, biomass fluctuations and interactions with small pelagic fish remain poorly understood. During the summers of 2019–2022, scientific pelagic trawl surveys in the Western Black Sea enabled simultaneous monitoring of small pelagic fish biomass, with sprat as the key species and moon jellyfish as an
incidental catch. In total, 153 trawl hauls were conducted across four depth strata from 15 to 100 m, and a “swept area” method was used for biomass estimation. The sprat stock biomass ranged from 10,698 to 29,177 t, with an average value of 19,432 ± 4834 t. The total biomass of moon jellyfish was 2002 ± 868.73 t, and dense aggregations were observed in the coastal waters during certain years.
Two scenarios of spatial interactions between planktivorous species were identified and linked to the formation of A. aurita aggregations. We found that changes in jellyfish density were associated with weak-to-moderate effects on the spatial distribution of sprat assemblages in coastal areas.
Comparative study on the oxidative stress of commercially important fish species from localities with different ecological conditions along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, Apr 21, 2022
The aim of the present study was to perform a pilot assessment and analysis of the oxidative stre... more The aim of the present study was to perform a pilot assessment and analysis of the oxidative stress (OS) level in four commercially important fish species (round goby, red mullet, sprat and horse mackerel) from different localities of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The fish were sampled during trawl selectivity experiments. The OS level in the fish was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione concentration (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in gills and liver. Round goby and red mullet caught in the Nessebar Bay showed clear signs of OS with the highest levels of LPO and GST activities, accompanied by the lowest AChE activities in both liver and gills. On the contrary, round goby caught near Maslen Nos (a region with good ecological conditions) were least affected by OS with low LPO and high GSH concentrations and SOD activity. There were no significant differences in the OS bioindicators of horse mackerel from the different localities. Sprat caught in Nessebar Bay, compared to those caught from the other localities, showed presence of OS indicated by lower GSH levels and relatively higher CAT, GPx and GST activities, accompanied by low AChE activity in gills. It can be concluded that round goby and red mullet were more vulnerable to OS induced by marine environmental factors than the horse mackerel and sprat. However, their antioxidant defense system allows them to tolerate and adapt to the environment of their habitats. Further studies are needed for the assessment of OS in important fish species in the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea.
Geological-geomorphological characteristics and petrographical composition of the St. Anastasia Island, Mar 23, 2021
St. Anastasia Island is one of the symbols of the cultural and historical heritage of the Republi... more St. Anastasia Island is one of the symbols of the cultural and historical heritage of the Republic of Bulgaria. This raises the need for the study of risky oceanographic factors, climatic phenomena, risky geological processes as well as detailed petrographical characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks forming the islands. The results of the petrographical study show that the island was built by Alkali feldspar trachytes. The volcanics from St. Anastasia Island shows a close petrochemical similarity to the volcanics from Alatepenski paleovolcano belonging to the "Peripheral Volcanic Centers" in the region.
Keywords: Burgas Gulf, St. Anastasia Island, Quaternary marine sediments, Upper Cretaceous, volcanic rocks, petrography, Alkali feldspar trachyte
Stratified Seafloor Marine Litter Assessment. Bulgarian Black Sea Waters Case, Jun 19, 2020
Marine litter was acknowledged as one of the most serious threats to marine ecosystems, including... more Marine litter was acknowledged as one of the most serious threats to marine ecosystems, including living marine organisms and their habitats. Numerous studies are investigating the overall impact of marine litter to sea life and indirect to humans and the outcome shows that the problem is very complex. It has short term and long term negative effects, some of them are eventually still unknown, and therefore the latter has been seriously underestimated throughout the years. The present study targets to provide an overview of the spatial distribution and initial assessment of marine litter abundance in the Bulgarian sector of the Black sea waters as well as more precise classification of dominating litter categories to serve as basis for analysis of the current state and to lay down the foundation of more comprehensive marine litter monitoring. Combined stratified fish stock and marine litter assessment survey was carried out for three consecutive years (2015-2017) and results were analyzed in terms of proper differentiation and classification of the marine litter items collected and the most frequent litter groups are identified accordingly.
Keywords: marine litter, stratified assessment, trawl survey, marine litter classification, spatial distribution, marine litter impact
Engineering-geological investigation in the coastal zone of St. Anastasia Island, Dec 31, 2019
The Engineering-geological research relates to the development of concepts for the reconstruction... more The Engineering-geological research relates to the development of concepts for the reconstruction and extension of an existing harbor for small vessels on St. Anastasia Island in order to protect the water area from dangerous geological and meteorological conditions. It is confirmed that in connection with the construction of future hydrotechnical facilities, the studied area is presented of Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and Quaternary marine sediments, subjected to the active impact of lithodynamic processes in Burgas Gulf. The performed Engineering geological studies included sampling, sample analysis, strength-deformation and physico-mechanical characteristics of lithological varieties and foundation conditions. The conditions for the foundation of the designed pier with a fenced mall are favorable for two types of hydrotechnical constructions: gravity and pilot.
Настоящото изследване е свързано с изготвяне на концепции за реконструкция и разширяване на съществуващ пристан за малки плавателни съдове на остров Света Анастасия с цел защита на акваторията от опасни геоложки и метеорологични условия. Проведените инженерногеоложки проучвания включваха вземане и селекция на проби, анализ на пробите, якостно-деформационни и физико-механични характеристики на литоложките разновидности и условията на фундиране. Условията за фундиране на проектирания пристан с ограден мол са благоприятни за два типа хидротехнически конструкции: гравитационна и пилотна.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis on Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) Surveys Catch per Unit Effort and Catch per Unit Area from Bulgarian Marine Zone, Dec 30, 2019
Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) is a keynote species in the Black Sea, and stock dynamics is highly ... more Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) is a keynote species in the Black Sea, and stock dynamics is highly affected by the fisheries and environmental conditions. Another important feature of the species is cyclic nature of its spawning stock biomass and recruitment. Thus, seasonal fishery independent surveys are crucial for stock condition evaluation and managerial decisions for sustainable exploitation. Sprat surveys under DCF (DCR199/2000 EC) were conducted in spring 2007-2010 and autumn 2015-2018. The present paper considers the use of GIS application which is frequently used as a supplementary tool for spatial analyses of fisheries activities including commercial fishing , impacts of IUU fishing, by-catch, unintentional catch of protected species, etc. Analyses are to support the follow-up assessment and decision-making process. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to explain biomass variability within the stratified survey area as well as population distribution analysis, based on the survey results. High variability was identified in both parameters Catch per unit area (CPUA) and Catch per unit effort (CPUE) within different seasons and years. PCA and stock distribution analysis results are explained in the view of stock biomass distribution within the stratified survey area.
THE BLACK SEA PROBLEM – POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (Presentation of new book), Feb 2019
The book The Black Sea problem-possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field ... more The book The Black Sea problem-possible solutions presents authors research efforts in the field of cleansing hydrogen sulphide from sea basins as well as waste waters. It contents 3 chapters. First Chapter includes the history of the Black Sea, geological and geomorphological characterization and hydrogen sulphide formation. The second Chapter includes brief literature review of proposed methods for purifications and exploitation of the hydrogen sulphide from deep Sea waters. The third part presents the methods for solution of the Black Sea problem developed by the authors: (i) The Black Sea and Hydrogen Energy Economy-Electrolysis of H2S (production of hydrogen and sulfur); (ii) Electrochemical methods for concurrent (simultaneous) oxidation of H2S with reduction of O2 or SO2; (iii) Application of hydrogen sulphide in H2S-O2 fuel cells for Black Sea waters purging.
Съвременно състояние на теорията за „Ноевия потоп” в Черно море и нейното практическо значение, Aug 1, 2018
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is ... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the Early Holocene flood in the Black Sea. This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Prof. Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines of the Black Sea, 1978”. - Key words: geomorphology and peleogeography of ancient coastlines, radiocarbon datings, sapropelic sediments, hydrogen sulfide, natural ecological fertilizer, agriculture. - http://www.istor-konf-varna.com/Dokladi/Text/sbornik2018.pdf
CURRENT STATUS OF THE NOAH’S FLOOD THEORY (BLACK SEA DELUGE THEORY) IN THE BLACK SEA AND ITS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE, Jan 2018
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thous... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the early Holocene flood in the Black Sea.This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines in Black Sea”.
A New Find of Properca angusta (Agassiz) (Pisces) in Euxinograd Formation – Miocene (Sarmatian), Varna Region, Bulgaria, May 1, 2018
The paper presents a new fossil find of Properca angusta (Ag.) (Pisces) found in sediments at Eux... more The paper presents a new fossil find of Properca angusta (Ag.) (Pisces) found in sediments at Euxinograd Formation with Miocene (Sarmatian) Age. The paleogeographic picture across the Sarmatian is related to the existence of a semi-isolated Euxinian basin, with periodic changes in the hydrological regime – from saline to refreshed waters. The established bony fish marks a stage in the refreshment and splicing of the Euxinian basin and proves how changing the hydrodynamic conditions has led to adaptive changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fauna. The paleontological description and paleoecological value of the specimen allows to interpret the palaeogeographic conditions of the Euxinian basin, which is a residual sleeper of the Crimean-Caucasian type of Sarmatian basin (Eastern Paratethys).
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MIOCENE AND QUATERNARY MARINE SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL ZONE OF THE REGI ON “KARANTINATA” IN VARNA GULF, Jan 2018
The geological and geomorphological research is related to the construction of the fishing port "... more The geological and geomorphological research is related to the construction of the fishing port "Karantinata", located in Asparuhovo district in the southern part of Varna Gulf. It is confirmed that in connection with the construction of future hydrotechnical facilities, the studied area is presented of Miocene and Quaternary sediments, subjected to the active impact of lithodynamic processes in Varna Gulf. - Keywords: Varna gulf, marine sediments, Miocene, Quaternary
CURRENT STATUS OF THE NOAH’S FLOOD THEORY (BLACK SEA DELUGE THEORY) ON THE BLACK SEA AND ITS PRACTICIAL SIGNIFICANCE. // СЪВРЕМЕННО СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ТЕОРИЯТА ЗА „НОЕВИЯ ПОТОП” В ЧЕРНО МОРЕ И НЕЙНОТО ПРАКТИЧЕСКО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ, Oct 2017
The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is ... more The most recent geological history of the Black Sea, which covers the last 25 thousand years, is a subject of special attention today. This interest is due mainly to the hypothesis we have launched about the early Holocene flood in the Black Sea. This hypothesis was a real shock to the scientific community. The idea of Noah’s Flood Theory (Black Sea deluge theory) was developed by Bulgarian scientist Petko Dimitrov in his publication “The Flooded ancient coastlines of the Black Sea”.
Compilation of geophysical, geochronological, and geochemical evidence indicates a rapid Mediterranean-derived submergence of the Black Sea's shelf and subsequent substantial salinification in the early Holocene, Jan 1, 2017
Compilation of geochronological, geochemical, and geophysical data is used to reinterpret Black S... more Compilation of geochronological, geochemical, and geophysical data is used to reinterpret Black Sea-Lake level history.The Black Sea-Lake remained fresh during deglaciation until the marine transgression at 9300 calendar years BP.Prior to the transgression, the Black Sea-Lake level was 120 mbsl or lower.The transgression was fast and took no longer than a couple of decades.The salinification that followed took <~1500 years.Our knowledge of rate and processes in which semi-enclosed environments alternate from lacustrine to marine is commonly limited because of the paucity of specific proxies for sea level and salinity. Here we investigate the timing, rate, and key mechanisms involved in the transformation of the previously isolated Black Sea-Lake to the modern partly-enclosed marine sea using a suite of geophysical, geochemical, and geochronological methods.Cores were collected in transects across shelves of Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Biogenic carbonate from these cores was analyzed for radiocarbon and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes. Strontium results indicate that the submergence of the Black Sea shelf at 9300 calendar years BP was caused by the ingress of Mediterranean water and was abrupt, taking < 40 years. The seismic reflection profiles show a uniform drape of subsequent sediment over aeolian dunes indicating a drowning with no time for erosion accompanying the submergence. Moisture measurements beneath the uniform drape indicate that the shelf was dry before submergence and the shoreline of the Preboreal lake may have regressed to beyond 120 mbsl. Mollusks colonized the newly submerged substrate of the inner shelf at the same time as they colonized the outer shelf. The succession of mollusk species with shells whose strontium isotope composition has a marine component indicates a rising salinity. The transformation of the lake to a sea is affirmed by increases in the shells' strontium and oxygen isotopic ratios towards the external ocean value.Radiocarbon years are calibrated to calendar years by tuning the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the mollusk record to that of the U/Th dated Sofular Cave stalagmites. The match shows a reduction of the lake's prior high reservoir age accompanying the inflow of the Mediterranean water. In 900 years the salinity reached a threshold that excluded all previous Black Sea lacustrine fauna. These results imply that any substantial postglacial submergence of the Black Sea shelves did not occur prior to entry of Mediterranean water.
Recent trends in state of landscapes and shoreline dynamics in Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea, May 11, 2016
The article analyzes the contemporary processes of natural and human-induced shoreline dynamics b... more The article analyzes the contemporary processes of natural and human-induced shoreline dynamics between cape Kaliakra and cape Emine, Bulgarian Black Sea coastal zone. Main accent is put on the anthropogenic impact on beach morphodynamics, coastal erosion, sediment transport and accretion influenced by land use changes and technogenic load. The stages of recent landscape transformations since the beginning of the XX century are discussed chronologically. Assumptions are made with reference to existing relationships among coastal geomorphic processes, land use dynamics, levels of anthropogenization and coastal landscape change at the investigated area. - КиберЛенинка: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/recent-trends-in-state-of-landscapes-and-shoreline-dynamics-in-bulgarian-sector-of-the-black-sea
Modern Mediterranean, Black and the Caspian Sea have been repeatedly geocatastrophic events cause... more Modern Mediterranean, Black and the Caspian Sea have been repeatedly geocatastrophic events caused by abrupt climate change or global geological processes. Notable examples in this regard is the Mediterranean Messinian crisis on the border of the Miocene-Pliocene (5.7-5.2 million years ago), when formed evaporite-sulfur-bearing formation. At the same time formed the Azov Black Sea province of iron ore and Balhan Formation of the Caspian Sea which connected major oil and gas fields. The Black Sea crisis Appearances at about 8-9 thousand Years ago, geocatastrophic event as a result of melting glaciers Wurm glaciation. As a result, the water of the Mediterranean Sea salinity 38 ‰ flooded into the Black Sea lake and eventually formed clusters of giant deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS).
- КиберЛенинка: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/paleogeographic-reconstructions-and-conditions-of-forming-non-traditional-resources-of-the-black-sea
Radiocarbon dating (14C) of the shelf and deep see sediments of the Black Sea, 2015
Numerous radiocarbon (14C) dating organic material of mollusk and bottom sediments were made. Obj... more Numerous radiocarbon (14C) dating organic material of mollusk and bottom sediments were made. Objective of the research was absolute age determinination for geocatastrofic occurense and the beginning of sapropele formation. It took place in geochronological interval 8-9 thousand years. Holocene and Late Pleistocene strata is stratified.
КиберЛенинка: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/radiocarbon-dating-14c-of-the-shelf-and-deep-see-sediments-of-the-black-sea
Физико-географическая и геолого-литологическая характеристика болгарского сектора Черного моря, 2015
Physical-geographical characteristic of the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea is presented. Litho... more Physical-geographical characteristic of the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea is presented. Litho-geo-logical-section for the geomorfological bottom structures — coastas zone, shelf, foot of the continental slope — are RW «Academic».
Представлена физико-географическая и геолого-литологическая характеристика болгарского сектора Черного моря. За материалами экспедиции НИС «Академик» даны геолого-литологические разрезы для основных геоморфологических структур дна: береговой зоны шельфа, подножия континентального склона.
Черноморският Потоп и Варненската цивилизация, Oct 6, 2012
През периода 1976 – 2011 г. по време на национални и съвместни българско – руски експедиционни из... more През периода 1976 – 2011 г. по време на национални и съвместни българско – руски експедиционни изследвания с НИК “Академик Орбели” и с НИК „Изследовател”, българско – американски и самостоятелни експедиции с НИК “Академик” и ПОА PC8B беше открита и изследвана древна брегова линия на Черно море с възраст около 8000 - 9000 г. BP пред българския бряг, разположена на дълбочини 90 – 120 m.
Geology and Non-traditional resources of the Black Sea, Nov 16, 2012
This paper examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sedime... more This paper examines the origin, properties and application of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) formed during the newest ages of the geological history of the Black Sea. It examines also the natural conditions influencing the formation of the sediment complex and the mineral resources. The Black Sea is seen as a unique geobiotechnological reactor capable of generating specific geological resources.
The object of this study is the Black Sea bottom and more specifically the Bulgarian economic zone and the western region of the Black Sea and the subject of the study is the origin, the properties and the distribution of deep sea organogenic mineral sediments (DSOMS) and the evaluation of the possibilities to use them as a complex raw material. The research work aims to resolve the following issues:
- Examination of the oceanographic factors underlying the formation of present day and Holocene organogenic mineral sediments on the Black Sea bottom.
- Examination of the origin, the composition, the properties and the distribution of DSOMS and their characteristics as a raw material.
- Paleogeographic reconstruction of the basin and explanation of the conditions leading to the formation of mineral resources and their connection to the geocatastrophic events in the Black Sea during the Holocene.
- Examination of the spheres of application of DSOMS and some results from their application.
- An estimate of the volume of the raw material, the mining and technical conditions, the equipment and technology for their extraction, that will make possible the development of marine mining industry.