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Papers by Kalomira-Mirella Mataranga
ΜΙΑ ΜΟΡΦΗ ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΗΣ ΑΠΑΤΗΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΙΝΕΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΟ, 1998
Corcyra and the sea routes of the Ionian Sea in ancient times The role of the wealthy sea-power ... more Corcyra and the sea routes of the Ionian Sea in ancient times
The role of the wealthy sea-power of Corcyra, within the island region of the Io¬nian Sea and the Adriatic Sea, is explored, in the period between the 6th and the beginning of the 4th C. BCE, with an emphasis set on the years of the Pelopon¬nesian War. Based, primarily, on literary sources, the main topics discussed are: the importance of Corcyra’s geographic location on the sailing routes along the west coast of Greece and on the route to Italy and Sicily; its role as a military na¬val base, as a marshalling site for naval expeditions and as a convenient “station’ for the fleets of the «great powers» at the time; its significance as a trade center.
Abstract. A glance at a map of Western Greece and the Ionian Islands makes the geographic advanta... more Abstract. A glance at a map of Western Greece and the Ionian Islands makes the geographic advantages of Kephallenia evi¬dent. Nevertheless, the sporadic, scattered, and incomplete evidence of the extant sources give to the island a challenging ‘myste¬rious’ character. A careful examination, though, of the developments occurring in the Hellenistic period, can throw light on the very early moments of interaction of Western Greece with the Roman power. During the last quarter of the 3rd century BC, the Ionian island developed into a major naval base playing a crucial role not only in the Ionian Sea but also in the broader area of western Greece. At the beginning of the 2nd century the Ionian Islands, being the gateway to the East, would become the focus of the Roman expansionist strategy, and the strategic position of the island made it ideal as one of the principal naval base of the Roman fleet in the Ionian Sea in the years that followed.
Riassunto. Un veloce sguardo ad una mappa della Grecia occidentale e delle Isole Ionie può facilmente cogliere gli evidenti vantaggi geografici di Cefalonia. Tuttavia, i dati ed i riferimenti delle fonti sporadici, sparsi ed incompleti conferiscono all'isola un carattere "misterioso" che ci sfida ad essere svelato. Un attento esame degli sviluppi avvenuti nel periodo ellenistico può gettare luce sui primissimi momenti di interazione della Grecia occidentale con il potere romano. Nell'ultimo quarto del III secolo a.C., l'isola ionica si sviluppò in un'importante base navale svolgendo un ruolo cruciale non solo nel Mar Ionio ma anche nella più vasta area della Grecia occidentale. All'inizio del II secolo le Isole Ionie, porta verso l'Oriente, sarebbero diventate il fulcro della strategia espansionistica romana, e la posizione strategica di Cefalonia la avrebbe resa ideale come una delle basi navali principali della flotta romana nel Mar Ionio negli anni che seguirono.
Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, 2017
Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 1999
... 9 P. Carlier, La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre, Strasbourg, 1984, p. 257-265. 10 N. Richer... more ... 9 P. Carlier, La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre, Strasbourg, 1984, p. 257-265. 10 N. Richer, Les éphores, Paris, 1998, p. 414-420. ... C'était sans ordre que Phoibidas avait agi, le peuple, comme les éphores le lui reprochèrent. ...
Les régulations sociales dans l'Antiquité, 2000
Cléandridas est un personnage controversé : conseiller du roi de Sparte Pleistoanax lors de l’inv... more Cléandridas est un personnage controversé : conseiller du roi de Sparte Pleistoanax lors de l’invasion péloponnésienne de l’Attique en 446, il fut accusé d’avoir reçu de l’argent de Périclès – donc d’avoir été corrompu – pour que les Péloponnésiens se retirent sans combattre. Le présent article se propose, dans cette assez troublante affaire d’invasion manquée, de revenir tant sur le rôle joué par le conseiller Cléandridas que par le « conseillé », le roi Pleistoanax ; l’examen des textes vise à faire émerger les mobiles possibles des parties prenantes, ainsi qu’à envisager les répercussions politiques et les enjeux internationaux de l’affaire. Enfin, en retraçant les étapes de la carrière de Cléandridas, nous ambitionnons ici de rendre quelque peu plus nette son image assez ambiguë, qui balance entre le stéréotype du «mauvais conseiller» et celui du commandant habile et compétent.
“The Spartan Cleandridas: an Enigmatic Case”
Cleandridas is a controversial figure: as chief adviser of the Spartan King Pleistoanax during the Peloponnesian invasion of Attica in 446, he was accused of having been bribed by Pericles to withdraw the army, thus ending further military operations. The present paper discusses this rather obscure incident, re-examining the role of Cleandridas as well as that of the supposedly “ill - advised” king Pleistoanax in the context of the mid-fifth-century politics. Finally, by tracing the stages of Cleandridas’s career, I seek to shed some light on his ambiguous image, which is susceptible of opposing interpretations embodied respectively in the stereotype of the “bad adviser” and the figure of the skilled and efficient Spartan commander.
Of all the affairs in which Kleandridas-a military man and member, in all likelihood, of the Spar... more Of all the affairs in which Kleandridas-a military man and member, in all likelihood, of the Spartan elite-1 was involved, the one that marked his rather tumultuous career-and is most frequently mentioned in the sources-is his role as king Pleistoanax's military adviser in 446 BC, during the invasion of Attica by the Peloponnesians. The year 446 was a difficult one for the Athenians, who faced two defections that exploded almost simultaneously: first the defection of the Euboeans and, immediately after, that of the Megarians. Pericles was in Euboea at the head of the Athenian forces; when he heard news of the Megarian revolt and the preparations of the Peloponnesians for an imminent incursion into Attica, he decided to return immediately. According to Thucydides "...Pericles in haste brought his army back again from Euboea. After this the Peloponnesians, under the command of Pleistoanax son of Pausanias, king of the Lacedaemonians, advanced into Attica as far as Eleusis and Thria, ravaging the country; but without going further they returned home." 2 Let us note that Thucydides makes reference to the unexpected withdrawal of the Peloponnesians in 446 three times 3 without ever mentioning Kleandridas, though the author probably knew the circumstances of the adviser's exile. 4 It is in this strange and sudden departure that Kleandridas was involved according to Plutarch's much discussed account. Nevertheless, Plutarch presents a different version of the event: he records 5 that king Pleistoanax, due to his age (since he was probably under 30), 6 was accompanied by a group of advisers. Kleandridas-the only adviser whose name is recorded in the sources-held an important position and was also a major influence on the king. Pericles, fully apprised of the situation, discreetly gauged the degree of Kleandridas' probity
ΜΙΑ ΜΟΡΦΗ ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΗΣ ΑΠΑΤΗΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΙΝΕΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΑΚΤΙΚΟ, 1998
Corcyra and the sea routes of the Ionian Sea in ancient times The role of the wealthy sea-power ... more Corcyra and the sea routes of the Ionian Sea in ancient times
The role of the wealthy sea-power of Corcyra, within the island region of the Io¬nian Sea and the Adriatic Sea, is explored, in the period between the 6th and the beginning of the 4th C. BCE, with an emphasis set on the years of the Pelopon¬nesian War. Based, primarily, on literary sources, the main topics discussed are: the importance of Corcyra’s geographic location on the sailing routes along the west coast of Greece and on the route to Italy and Sicily; its role as a military na¬val base, as a marshalling site for naval expeditions and as a convenient “station’ for the fleets of the «great powers» at the time; its significance as a trade center.
Abstract. A glance at a map of Western Greece and the Ionian Islands makes the geographic advanta... more Abstract. A glance at a map of Western Greece and the Ionian Islands makes the geographic advantages of Kephallenia evi¬dent. Nevertheless, the sporadic, scattered, and incomplete evidence of the extant sources give to the island a challenging ‘myste¬rious’ character. A careful examination, though, of the developments occurring in the Hellenistic period, can throw light on the very early moments of interaction of Western Greece with the Roman power. During the last quarter of the 3rd century BC, the Ionian island developed into a major naval base playing a crucial role not only in the Ionian Sea but also in the broader area of western Greece. At the beginning of the 2nd century the Ionian Islands, being the gateway to the East, would become the focus of the Roman expansionist strategy, and the strategic position of the island made it ideal as one of the principal naval base of the Roman fleet in the Ionian Sea in the years that followed.
Riassunto. Un veloce sguardo ad una mappa della Grecia occidentale e delle Isole Ionie può facilmente cogliere gli evidenti vantaggi geografici di Cefalonia. Tuttavia, i dati ed i riferimenti delle fonti sporadici, sparsi ed incompleti conferiscono all'isola un carattere "misterioso" che ci sfida ad essere svelato. Un attento esame degli sviluppi avvenuti nel periodo ellenistico può gettare luce sui primissimi momenti di interazione della Grecia occidentale con il potere romano. Nell'ultimo quarto del III secolo a.C., l'isola ionica si sviluppò in un'importante base navale svolgendo un ruolo cruciale non solo nel Mar Ionio ma anche nella più vasta area della Grecia occidentale. All'inizio del II secolo le Isole Ionie, porta verso l'Oriente, sarebbero diventate il fulcro della strategia espansionistica romana, e la posizione strategica di Cefalonia la avrebbe resa ideale come una delle basi navali principali della flotta romana nel Mar Ionio negli anni che seguirono.
Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, 2017
Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 1999
... 9 P. Carlier, La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre, Strasbourg, 1984, p. 257-265. 10 N. Richer... more ... 9 P. Carlier, La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre, Strasbourg, 1984, p. 257-265. 10 N. Richer, Les éphores, Paris, 1998, p. 414-420. ... C'était sans ordre que Phoibidas avait agi, le peuple, comme les éphores le lui reprochèrent. ...
Les régulations sociales dans l'Antiquité, 2000
Cléandridas est un personnage controversé : conseiller du roi de Sparte Pleistoanax lors de l’inv... more Cléandridas est un personnage controversé : conseiller du roi de Sparte Pleistoanax lors de l’invasion péloponnésienne de l’Attique en 446, il fut accusé d’avoir reçu de l’argent de Périclès – donc d’avoir été corrompu – pour que les Péloponnésiens se retirent sans combattre. Le présent article se propose, dans cette assez troublante affaire d’invasion manquée, de revenir tant sur le rôle joué par le conseiller Cléandridas que par le « conseillé », le roi Pleistoanax ; l’examen des textes vise à faire émerger les mobiles possibles des parties prenantes, ainsi qu’à envisager les répercussions politiques et les enjeux internationaux de l’affaire. Enfin, en retraçant les étapes de la carrière de Cléandridas, nous ambitionnons ici de rendre quelque peu plus nette son image assez ambiguë, qui balance entre le stéréotype du «mauvais conseiller» et celui du commandant habile et compétent.
“The Spartan Cleandridas: an Enigmatic Case”
Cleandridas is a controversial figure: as chief adviser of the Spartan King Pleistoanax during the Peloponnesian invasion of Attica in 446, he was accused of having been bribed by Pericles to withdraw the army, thus ending further military operations. The present paper discusses this rather obscure incident, re-examining the role of Cleandridas as well as that of the supposedly “ill - advised” king Pleistoanax in the context of the mid-fifth-century politics. Finally, by tracing the stages of Cleandridas’s career, I seek to shed some light on his ambiguous image, which is susceptible of opposing interpretations embodied respectively in the stereotype of the “bad adviser” and the figure of the skilled and efficient Spartan commander.
Of all the affairs in which Kleandridas-a military man and member, in all likelihood, of the Spar... more Of all the affairs in which Kleandridas-a military man and member, in all likelihood, of the Spartan elite-1 was involved, the one that marked his rather tumultuous career-and is most frequently mentioned in the sources-is his role as king Pleistoanax's military adviser in 446 BC, during the invasion of Attica by the Peloponnesians. The year 446 was a difficult one for the Athenians, who faced two defections that exploded almost simultaneously: first the defection of the Euboeans and, immediately after, that of the Megarians. Pericles was in Euboea at the head of the Athenian forces; when he heard news of the Megarian revolt and the preparations of the Peloponnesians for an imminent incursion into Attica, he decided to return immediately. According to Thucydides "...Pericles in haste brought his army back again from Euboea. After this the Peloponnesians, under the command of Pleistoanax son of Pausanias, king of the Lacedaemonians, advanced into Attica as far as Eleusis and Thria, ravaging the country; but without going further they returned home." 2 Let us note that Thucydides makes reference to the unexpected withdrawal of the Peloponnesians in 446 three times 3 without ever mentioning Kleandridas, though the author probably knew the circumstances of the adviser's exile. 4 It is in this strange and sudden departure that Kleandridas was involved according to Plutarch's much discussed account. Nevertheless, Plutarch presents a different version of the event: he records 5 that king Pleistoanax, due to his age (since he was probably under 30), 6 was accompanied by a group of advisers. Kleandridas-the only adviser whose name is recorded in the sources-held an important position and was also a major influence on the king. Pericles, fully apprised of the situation, discreetly gauged the degree of Kleandridas' probity