Sophia Laiou | Ionian University (original) (raw)
Papers by Sophia Laiou
Κολοφὼν Τόμος πρὸς τιμὴν τοῦ Καθηγητῆ Εὐθυμίου Κ. Λίτσα, 2024
ΕΜΜΑνουηΛ γιΑννοπουΛοσ Άγνωστη συλλογή Ψαλτικών χειρογράφων και ποικίλες ειδήσεις για σπουδαίους ... more ΕΜΜΑνουηΛ γιΑννοπουΛοσ Άγνωστη συλλογή Ψαλτικών χειρογράφων και ποικίλες ειδήσεις για σπουδαίους μουσικούς και αυτόγραφά τους.
Encyclopedia of Islam 3, 2022
Corfu (Kerkyra, Turk. Korfu, Körfez, Körfes, Korfos) is an island of the Eptanesa (Ionian Islands... more Corfu (Kerkyra, Turk. Korfu, Körfez, Körfes, Korfos) is an island of the Eptanesa (Ionian Islands), located in the Ionian Sea, close to the western Greek and southern Albanian coast. Its present name derives from the ancient korkyra, and the Latin version from the word koryfo ("summit", from the twin summits of the island's castle; Miller, 46). Seized by various rulers after the fourth crusade (1204), the island eventually became a Venetian territory in 1386. It was described at the beginning of the sixteenth century by the Ottoman mariner and cartographer Piri Reis (Pr Res, d. 961/1553-4). He highlighted the strategic position of the island and described it as well populated and with very good quality olive oil, which was loaded onto merchant ships for export. Piri Reis also referred to the island's central castle, which was like an island itself and had a perimeter of two miles. In the area in front of the castle, the varo (quarter), there were eighteen thousand houses. Non-Muslim Ottoman subjects, apparently from the opposite shore of Rumeli, also took shelter on the island to avoid paying the cizye (jizya, polltax). He also mentioned the proximity of Corfu to Rumeli, which made it possible for an army to disembark there using a bridge made of ships (Piri Reis, 1:295-7). During the Ottoman-Venetian war of 944-7/1537-40, the Ottoman army besieged the castle of Corfu. The general command belonged to the sultan himself, Süleyman the Magnificent (Süleymn, r. 926-74/1520-66), but the siege was carried out by the army general Lütfi Paa (Luf, c. 893-970/c. 1488-1562-3) and the kapudan paa (qapdn paa, admiral of
Mediterranean Historical Review, 2019
The aim of this paper is to explore the economic environment of Izmir at the beginning of the nin... more The aim of this paper is to explore the economic environment of Izmir at the beginning of the nineteenth century through the interreligious entrepreneurial networks that brought together Muslim notables, reaya merchants and European consuls. It focuses on the Kâtiboğlu Mehmed Efendi, a notable (ayan) and voyvoda of Izmir as well as a member of a well-known Muslim family of the region, who was executed in 1816 and his property confiscated by the state. Through the analysis of Kâtiboğlu's business cooperation with a Christian entrepreneur of Izmir, the paper aims to reveal the ayan's commercial network, the nature of his cooperation with the Christian merchant, and his stance towards the western community of Izmir. Also, the paper explores the background and economic activity of his Christian partner. In a more general framework, the paper brings to the fore the economic activity of the Muslim notables as well as aspects of the contemporary economic processes in Izmir and their political connotations.
Μεσαιωνικά και Νέα Ελληνικά, 2021
... 3 Also, translated Ottoman documents from court records on Crete and Chios edited by N. Stavr... more ... 3 Also, translated Ottoman documents from court records on Crete and Chios edited by N. Stavrinidis and Ch. Mavropoulos, respectively. In addition, the most recently translated court record No. 3 of Candia, which covers the years 1669-73 and 1750-67. ...
This article aims to investigate the adaptation of the Christian monastic foundations to the Isla... more This article aims to investigate the adaptation of the Christian monastic foundations to the Islamic vakıf and to demonstrate the often flexible and equivocal way the term vakıf Vas applied by the Orthodox monks and the state officials in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The question of the Christian vakıf is important, since a significant part of the agricultural property of many Orthodox monasteries in the Greek lands was vakıf, owned since the Byzantine period and acknowledged as such by the Ottomans, or property acquired during the Ottoman period and characterized as vakıf through the legal procedure or perceived as such by the monks them selves. The article also refers to the importance of the study in a comparative perspective of Greek monastic documents issued in the Ottoman period, since they may contribute to a better under¬ standing of the Ottoman landholding reality. Keywords vakıf, Orthodox monasteries; tax immune property; state control * I wish to express my thanks to Professors Murat Çizakça and Randi Deguilhem for their valuable comments. I would also like to thank the two anonymous readers as well as my colleagues, Ph. Kotzageorgis and E. Kolovos, for their suggestions. A form of this paper was Turkish Historical Review brill.nl/thr
Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία και Βενετία. Η πολιορκία της Κέρκυρας από τους Οθωμανούς , 2019
Ev. Balta et al, Festschrisft in Honor of Ioannis P. Theocharides. Studies on the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, v. II, Istanbul 2014, p. 313-331
This paper aims to investigate the pious endowment (vakıf) established by Nikolas Mavrogenis, an ... more This paper aims to investigate the pious endowment (vakıf) established by Nikolas Mavrogenis, an Ottoman zimmi, who through appropriate patronage networks in Istanbul managed to be appointed dragoman of the Ottoman fleet and, later, voyvoda of Wallachia by the end of the eighteenth century. The paper focuses on the content of the endowment deed, which followed the principles of Islamic law, as well as on the confiscation of the endowed property as a result of the execution of Mavrogenis in 1790.
The period in the Ottoman history that begins in the second half of the eighteenth century and en... more The period in the Ottoman history that begins in the second half of the eighteenth century and ends with the beginning of the Tanzimat in 1840s was marked by intense political, social and economic realignments. These new "equilibriums" mostly reflected alterations in state authority structure and the subsequent diffusion of power, and were the result of long-term interacting structural changes in Ottoman economy and society. These changes led to the emergence of new and dynamic social forces among the Ottoman subjects, which in some cases constituted elites with which the state negotiated. 1 By the end of the 18 th century the Ottoman society was fully differentiated in a way that did not always follow the religious (Muslim-non Muslim) and political (askeri-reaya) segregation upon which the traditional Ottoman political system was based. By this I do not mean that the general principle of the religious and political superiority of the Muslim population vis-à-vis the non-Muslim was disregarded-on the contrary-but rather that the accumulation of capital by economically active persons within the non-Muslim population enabled them to differentiate themselves socio-economically, not only from their coreligionists but also from some of the Muslim population, be they simple Ottoman subjects or officials. As far as the non-Muslim population is
Κολοφὼν Τόμος πρὸς τιμὴν τοῦ Καθηγητῆ Εὐθυμίου Κ. Λίτσα, 2024
ΕΜΜΑνουηΛ γιΑννοπουΛοσ Άγνωστη συλλογή Ψαλτικών χειρογράφων και ποικίλες ειδήσεις για σπουδαίους ... more ΕΜΜΑνουηΛ γιΑννοπουΛοσ Άγνωστη συλλογή Ψαλτικών χειρογράφων και ποικίλες ειδήσεις για σπουδαίους μουσικούς και αυτόγραφά τους.
Encyclopedia of Islam 3, 2022
Corfu (Kerkyra, Turk. Korfu, Körfez, Körfes, Korfos) is an island of the Eptanesa (Ionian Islands... more Corfu (Kerkyra, Turk. Korfu, Körfez, Körfes, Korfos) is an island of the Eptanesa (Ionian Islands), located in the Ionian Sea, close to the western Greek and southern Albanian coast. Its present name derives from the ancient korkyra, and the Latin version from the word koryfo ("summit", from the twin summits of the island's castle; Miller, 46). Seized by various rulers after the fourth crusade (1204), the island eventually became a Venetian territory in 1386. It was described at the beginning of the sixteenth century by the Ottoman mariner and cartographer Piri Reis (Pr Res, d. 961/1553-4). He highlighted the strategic position of the island and described it as well populated and with very good quality olive oil, which was loaded onto merchant ships for export. Piri Reis also referred to the island's central castle, which was like an island itself and had a perimeter of two miles. In the area in front of the castle, the varo (quarter), there were eighteen thousand houses. Non-Muslim Ottoman subjects, apparently from the opposite shore of Rumeli, also took shelter on the island to avoid paying the cizye (jizya, polltax). He also mentioned the proximity of Corfu to Rumeli, which made it possible for an army to disembark there using a bridge made of ships (Piri Reis, 1:295-7). During the Ottoman-Venetian war of 944-7/1537-40, the Ottoman army besieged the castle of Corfu. The general command belonged to the sultan himself, Süleyman the Magnificent (Süleymn, r. 926-74/1520-66), but the siege was carried out by the army general Lütfi Paa (Luf, c. 893-970/c. 1488-1562-3) and the kapudan paa (qapdn paa, admiral of
Mediterranean Historical Review, 2019
The aim of this paper is to explore the economic environment of Izmir at the beginning of the nin... more The aim of this paper is to explore the economic environment of Izmir at the beginning of the nineteenth century through the interreligious entrepreneurial networks that brought together Muslim notables, reaya merchants and European consuls. It focuses on the Kâtiboğlu Mehmed Efendi, a notable (ayan) and voyvoda of Izmir as well as a member of a well-known Muslim family of the region, who was executed in 1816 and his property confiscated by the state. Through the analysis of Kâtiboğlu's business cooperation with a Christian entrepreneur of Izmir, the paper aims to reveal the ayan's commercial network, the nature of his cooperation with the Christian merchant, and his stance towards the western community of Izmir. Also, the paper explores the background and economic activity of his Christian partner. In a more general framework, the paper brings to the fore the economic activity of the Muslim notables as well as aspects of the contemporary economic processes in Izmir and their political connotations.
Μεσαιωνικά και Νέα Ελληνικά, 2021
... 3 Also, translated Ottoman documents from court records on Crete and Chios edited by N. Stavr... more ... 3 Also, translated Ottoman documents from court records on Crete and Chios edited by N. Stavrinidis and Ch. Mavropoulos, respectively. In addition, the most recently translated court record No. 3 of Candia, which covers the years 1669-73 and 1750-67. ...
This article aims to investigate the adaptation of the Christian monastic foundations to the Isla... more This article aims to investigate the adaptation of the Christian monastic foundations to the Islamic vakıf and to demonstrate the often flexible and equivocal way the term vakıf Vas applied by the Orthodox monks and the state officials in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The question of the Christian vakıf is important, since a significant part of the agricultural property of many Orthodox monasteries in the Greek lands was vakıf, owned since the Byzantine period and acknowledged as such by the Ottomans, or property acquired during the Ottoman period and characterized as vakıf through the legal procedure or perceived as such by the monks them selves. The article also refers to the importance of the study in a comparative perspective of Greek monastic documents issued in the Ottoman period, since they may contribute to a better under¬ standing of the Ottoman landholding reality. Keywords vakıf, Orthodox monasteries; tax immune property; state control * I wish to express my thanks to Professors Murat Çizakça and Randi Deguilhem for their valuable comments. I would also like to thank the two anonymous readers as well as my colleagues, Ph. Kotzageorgis and E. Kolovos, for their suggestions. A form of this paper was Turkish Historical Review brill.nl/thr
Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία και Βενετία. Η πολιορκία της Κέρκυρας από τους Οθωμανούς , 2019
Ev. Balta et al, Festschrisft in Honor of Ioannis P. Theocharides. Studies on the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, v. II, Istanbul 2014, p. 313-331
This paper aims to investigate the pious endowment (vakıf) established by Nikolas Mavrogenis, an ... more This paper aims to investigate the pious endowment (vakıf) established by Nikolas Mavrogenis, an Ottoman zimmi, who through appropriate patronage networks in Istanbul managed to be appointed dragoman of the Ottoman fleet and, later, voyvoda of Wallachia by the end of the eighteenth century. The paper focuses on the content of the endowment deed, which followed the principles of Islamic law, as well as on the confiscation of the endowed property as a result of the execution of Mavrogenis in 1790.
The period in the Ottoman history that begins in the second half of the eighteenth century and en... more The period in the Ottoman history that begins in the second half of the eighteenth century and ends with the beginning of the Tanzimat in 1840s was marked by intense political, social and economic realignments. These new "equilibriums" mostly reflected alterations in state authority structure and the subsequent diffusion of power, and were the result of long-term interacting structural changes in Ottoman economy and society. These changes led to the emergence of new and dynamic social forces among the Ottoman subjects, which in some cases constituted elites with which the state negotiated. 1 By the end of the 18 th century the Ottoman society was fully differentiated in a way that did not always follow the religious (Muslim-non Muslim) and political (askeri-reaya) segregation upon which the traditional Ottoman political system was based. By this I do not mean that the general principle of the religious and political superiority of the Muslim population vis-à-vis the non-Muslim was disregarded-on the contrary-but rather that the accumulation of capital by economically active persons within the non-Muslim population enabled them to differentiate themselves socio-economically, not only from their coreligionists but also from some of the Muslim population, be they simple Ottoman subjects or officials. As far as the non-Muslim population is
Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών, 2019
Στην έως τώρα ακαδημαϊκή συζήτηση για την ελληνική επανάσταση σε μεγάλο βαθμό απουσίαζε η οθωμανι... more Στην έως τώρα ακαδημαϊκή συζήτηση για την ελληνική επανάσταση σε μεγάλο βαθμό απουσίαζε η οθωμανική πλευρά. Στο παρόν βιβλίο για πρώτη φορά παρουσιάζεται με συστηματικό τρόπο η πρόσληψη της επανάστασης από την οθωμανική πολιτική ελίτ. Από την εξέλιξη της οθωμανικής πολιτικής σκέψης έως την ερμηνεία των γεγονότων της επανάστασης από τους ιστοριογράφους της Υψηλής Πύλης (Σανί-ζαντέ, Εσάτ και Μπαχίρ Εφέντη, Τζεβντέτ Πασά) το βιβλίο αναδεικνύει τους τρόπους που η ελληνική επανάσταση επέδρασε στην οθωμανική πολιτική ορολογία και σκέψη. Απέναντι στα κείμενα των επίσημων ιστοριογράφων οι συγγραφείς αναδεικνύουν παράλληλα την ανέκδοτη μαρτυρία του Γιουσούφ Μπέη, αξιωματούχου της Υψηλής Πύλης και αυτόπτη μάρτυρα των γεγονότων στην Πελοπόννησο, η μετάφραση της οποίας εκδίδεται στο δεύτερο μέρος. Γνώστης της επίσημης εκδοχής για την επανάσταση, ο Γιουσούφ Μπέης άφησε μια σπάνια πρωτοπρόσωπη αφήγηση, όπου η αμεσότητα και οι συναισθηματικές εξάρσεις συνυπάρχουν με την αίσθηση της πολιτικής ανωτερότητας ενός οθωμανού αξιωματούχου και όπου η αυτοκρατορική πολιτική συνείδηση έρχεται αντιμέτωπη με την εθνική ιδεολογία.
