Nandi Kosmaryandi | Bogor Agriculture University (original) (raw)

Papers by Nandi Kosmaryandi

Abstract Ruteng Mountains in Indonesia are inhabited by people from the tribe Manggarai. Local cu... more Abstract
Ruteng Mountains in Indonesia are inhabited by people from the tribe Manggarai. Local culture of Manggarai community has a role to conservation and it needs to be integrated in the conservation of natural resources. Where conservation is defined as the management of the sustainable use of natural resources, the integration of local culture into conservation will open up a space of the emergence of the creativity and innovation in solving problems of forest conservation. This study aims to explore and describe to what extent the culture of Manggarai contributes to conservation activities in the protected areas and the possibility of the culture to be integrated within conservation policy. The study employs a qualitative research through ethnographic approach. The qualitative data in 2014 was obtained through field observation, interviews, data from relevant agencies, and related literature. The study shows that the Manggarai community has practiced conservation values, norms, and tradition since hereditary. Manggarai culture related to conservation could be integrated into the activities of the protection, preservation, and sustainable use of natural resources.

Keywords: integration, management, protected, sustainable use, natural resources

Land cover is a physical appearance of land and represents its ecological status. It is dynamical... more Land cover is a physical appearance of land and represents its ecological status. It is dynamically changed due to human intervention, natural disturbance and succession. This research aims to monitor the land cover change in Kuningan Regency during the period of 1994 to 2015. Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing were used to determine the changes based on date series of Landsat satellite imagery. The result showed that there was a high increase of 5 (five) land cover types, namely: dryland farming (10,12 %), settlement (384.04 %), rice field (118,95 %), shrubland (27.30 %), and bare land (4,277.68 %). Meanwhile, there was a decrease of 4 (four) land cover types, namely: natural forest (43.53 %), plantation forest (34.77 %), mixed garden (63.27 %), and water bodies (4.35 %).

Payment for Environmental Services in Cidanau watershed is part of the effort to maintain the sta... more Payment for Environmental Services in Cidanau watershed is part of the effort to maintain the stand as water management services. The requirement of Payment for Environmental Service (PES) in Cidanau Watershed is that the number of stand exist and grow well should not be less than 500 (five hundred) stands per hectare until the contract period expires. At the moment, monitoring of the number of stands in PES area in Cidanau Watershed is carried out using direct counting of the number of stands per hectare per area. Monitoring using such method is time consuming and costly. A more efficient method to monitor the number of stands in PES land in Cidanau Watershed is needed. The best model with high accuracy was proven to be the model of stand density prediction using Leaf Area Index (LAI). The implementation of PES is able to encourage Forest community Group to conserve these forest stands in Cidanau Watershed.

Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 2012

The establishment of national park in customary region had aroused conflic since it had not incor... more The establishment of national park in customary region had aroused conflic since it had not incorporate traditional management system in its management system. The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for national park zonation that amalgamating the national-global interests for conservation on the one side and the customary community interests on the other side. Result shows that adaptation was needed toward the prevailing science-based ecologically-oriented regulation on zoning plan, so it would incorporate the community's custom in order to achieve effective management of national park. Appropriate and applicable zoning can be achieved through implementation of management mindset with customary people livelihood perspectives, zone establishment which give priority to the achievement of national park functions rather than the fulfillment of zone requirements, and adaptation of zone formation and criteria toward traditional land use as efforts to accommodate the interest of biodiversity conservation and customary people livelihood.

Indonesia has established 50 national parks as part of its protectedarea. Considerations ofthe es... more Indonesia has established 50 national parks as part of its protectedarea. Considerations ofthe establishment of national parks by the government were based on the conditions of native ecosystems and biodiversity conservation targets. Consideration was also as sociated with the development of recommendations made in the IUCN's World Park Congresses. It is a fact that some national parks were occupying some indigenous lands, such as Wasur National Park which occupied indigenous territories of Kanum, Marind-Kondo, Marori Men-gey and Yeinan Ethnics. These indigenous peoples have established natural resource management systems that were intimately associated with their traditions and beliefs. Discrepancy between government policies on conservation are as with the pattern of arrangement on indigenous peoples as owners of the area led to the emergence of conflict and marginalization of indigenous peoples' rights. Realizing the error in the perspective of conservation area management related to indigenous peoples, in the 5th World Park Congress in Durban, South Africa in 200, a recommendation was agreed on the importance of collaboration in the equality and mutual benefit between parks' managers with indigenous peoples, and positioning indigenous peoples' rightsasan important part in conservation area management system today and the future.

ABSTRACT Ruteng mountains are inhabited by the tribe Manggarai. Local community in the mountains ... more ABSTRACT
Ruteng mountains are inhabited by the tribe Manggarai. Local community in the mountains of Ruteng have ethnobotany knowledge in utilization forest plant to meet their needs. Loss of traditional knowledge would have negative impacts on forest resources, because the indigenous people would have less knowledge on sustainable ways to manage the existing forest resources so that a research is required to identify the status of traditional knowledge. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge of ethnobotany, retention rate, and the rate of change of the annual retention on the indigenous people in the Ruteng mountains. The research was conducted in the Kampung Mano, Lerang, and Wae Rebo, Manggarai District within the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur in the period of JulyDecember 2014. Data was obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), semi-structured interviews with 90 respondent, and in-depth interviews. Data obtained were analyzed for the level of ethnobotany knowledge, ethnobotany retention index, and testing the significance of the factors that affect the level of knowledge with Kruskal Wallis test and Man Whitney. The results of the study shows that the Manggarai
communities in the Mountains of Ruteng have local knowledge to meet daily needs, especially food, and medicine through the utilization of forest plant. The level of ethnobotany knowledge is high because they use forest plants, practice traditional rituals, and inheritance knowledge. The ethnobotany knowledge of young generation decreased which can give negatif impact to forest conservation.

The establishment of national park in customary region had aroused conflict since it had not inco... more The establishment of national park in customary region had aroused conflict since it had not incorporate traditional management system in its management system. The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for national park zonation that amalgamating the national-global interests for conservation on the one side and the customary community interests on the other side. Result shows that adaptation was needed toward the prevailing science-based ecologically-oriented regulation on zoning plan, so it would incorporate the community's custom in order to achieve effective management of national park. Appropriate and applicable zoning can be achieved through implementation of management mindset with customary people livelihood perspectives, zone establishment which give priority to the achievement of national park functions rather than the fulfillment of zone requirements, and adaptation of zone formation and criteria toward traditional land use as efforts to accommodate the interest of biodiversity conservation and customary people livelihood.

Criteria for the establishment of National Park in Indonesia are aimed at benefiting the purpose ... more Criteria for the establishment of National Park in Indonesia are aimed at benefiting the purpose of ecological sustainability of the area on scientific basis, so that the national park establishments often neglect the sociocultural aspects. This phenomenon causes overlapping between national park territory and customary territory and creates conflicts related with spatial arrangement and natural resources utilization, due to disharmony of criteria in the zonation pattern and spatial pattern of traditional community. Three important findings are found through an approaching the importance of biodiversity conservation and livelihood of customary community. First, the sustainable use of natural resource would be in place where customary community still keeps their traditional way of life particularly that in relations to conservation. Second, so far the park zonation policy does not take into account the values, norms and livelihoods of the customary community. Third, the regulations and criteria for park zonation hinder the traditional access and control of customary community over national park. The last two mentioned factors could potentially create conflicts between customary community and parks. Adaptation was needed toward the prevailing science-based ecologically-oriented regulation on zoning plan, so it would incorporate the customary community in order to achieve effective management of national park.

Dalam Suku Minangkabau, lahan dikelola secara komunal. Unit pengelolaan dilakukan melalui sistem ... more Dalam Suku Minangkabau, lahan dikelola secara komunal. Unit pengelolaan dilakukan melalui sistem nagari, dimana didalamnya diatur pola penggunaan lahan dan sistem waris. Perkembangan dalam pola penggunaan lahan, baik disebabkan oleh pertambahan populasi penduduk maupun perubahan orientasi penggunaan lahan menjadi lebih berorientasi ekonomi dapat menjadi penyebab hilangnya sistem adat dalam manyarakat Minangkabau ini. Sebagai upaya untuk mempertahankan nilai-nilai adat serta sebagai upaya pemanfaatan lahan yang sesuai dengan kharakteristik lingkungan setempat maka dipelukan panduan pengelolaan lansekapnya.

Jurnal Manajemen …, Jan 1, 2012

The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for park zonation that amalgamating t... more The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for park zonation that amalgamating the national-global interests for conservation on the one side and the customary community interests on the other side. More specifically, this research is directed for developing new criteria for park zonation that integrating conservation policies and regulations with indigenous knowledge. Two national parks i.e. the Wasur National Park and the Kayan Mentarang National Park that have overlapping areas with customary territories were studied. The field research was carried out in relations with participatory planning activities for park zonation that conducted from October 2008 to July 2011. Literatures review, in-depth interviews, field observations as well as participant observations during park zonation process are fields methods applied for data collections. Three important findings are found. First, the sustainable use of natural resource would be in place where customary community still keeps their traditional way of life particularly that in relations to conservation. Second, so far the park zonation policy does not take into account the values, norms and livelihoods of the customary community. Third, the regulations and criteria for park zonation hinder the traditional access and control of customary community over national park. The last two mentioned factors could potentially create conflicts between customary community and parks. Through spatial analysis and participatory planning carried out in the two national parks studied, zones that integrating or amalgamating indigenous knowledge and conservation policy and regulations can be produced. Five genuine zones are produce from this process i.e. cultural core zone, customary wilderness zone, the multi use zone, historical, cultural and religious zone and the traditional use zone. The first four mentioned zones are produced through amalgamation processes. However, the last zone is produced through similar requirements address in the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No P.56/Menhut-II/2006. Hence, it can be said that park zonation process that could integrating or amalgamating indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation policy and regulations are conservation policies that built upon the customary community perspective.

Keywords: integration, management, protected, sustainable use, natural resources

Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 2012

Jurnal Manajemen …, Jan 1, 2012