Zaki Haider | Iqra University IU (original) (raw)

Papers by Zaki Haider

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Pharmacists' viewpoint towards their professional role in healthcare system: a survey of hospital settings of Pakistan

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Etiological Exploration of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of a Developing Country

Research paper thumbnail of The Spectrum of Postoperative Complications and Outcomes After Open Adrenalectomy: An Experience From a Developing Country

Cureus

Background Open adrenalectomy is an invasive surgical procedure that is commonly performed for ad... more Background Open adrenalectomy is an invasive surgical procedure that is commonly performed for adrenal gland neoplasms in developing countries. Due to its complexity, the patients are predisposed to a number of complications and dismal outcomes. The objective of our study is to assess different characteristics of patients undergoing open adrenalectomy, including their histology, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 107 patients undergoing open adrenalectomy for primary adrenal gland neoplasms. Patients with bilateral involvement, metastatic disease, or unresectable tumors were excluded. Patients were evaluated for different features that included demographic data, tumor properties, postoperative outcomes, and complications. Results Out of 107 patients, 45 (42.1%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 47.53 ± 8.45 years. Abdominal pain and severe headaches were the most common presenting complaints. A total of 96 (89.7%) tumors were benign, while 11 (10.3%) were malignant. Upon the histopathological examination of the resected specimen, adrenal adenoma was present in 49 (45.8%) cases, while adrenal pheochromocytoma was present in 41 (38.3%) cases. A total of 51 patients developed different postoperative complications including surgical site infections (22.4%), atelectasis (11.2%), deep venous thrombosis (7.5%), and retroperitoneal hematoma (5.6%). In-hospital mortality occurred in three (2.8%) patients. Conclusion Surgical site infections, atelectasis, deep venous thrombosis, and retroperitoneal hematoma were frequent postoperative complications after open adrenalectomy. These complications increase morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Improved surgical techniques, intraoperative hemostasis, and multidisciplinary approach can yield favorable postoperative outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Characteristics and Etiological Spectrum of Pancytopenia in Pediatric Age Group: A Cross-Sectional Outlook From a Developing Country

Cureus

Background The etiologies of pancytopenia in the pediatric age group remain exceedingly ubiquitou... more Background The etiologies of pancytopenia in the pediatric age group remain exceedingly ubiquitous and warrant extensive hematological and interventional investigations like bone marrow biopsy. It varies widely from benign nutritional disorders to fatal malignancies. The present study aims to delineate the prevalence of various causes of pancytopenia in the pediatric population. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 96 patients between the age of one month till 15 years with pancytopenia. Study participants were evaluated for various parameters including their demographical details, clinical features, immunization history, and nature of the disorder. The prevalence of various etiologies (nutritional, neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune, and others) of pancytopenia was ascertained. Results Of the 96 patients, 42 (43.75%) were males with a mean age of 69.47 ± 7.12 months. Fever was present in 71.87%, arthralgias in 56.25%, weight loss in 35.41%, and failure to thrive in 18.75% of patients. The bone marrow examination revealed aplastic changes in 36 (37.50%), hyperplastic changes in 21 (21.87%), and normal cellularity in 40.62% of patients. Megaloblastic anemia was the most common nutritional cause of pancytopenia present in 21.85% of cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent neoplastic etiology present in 19.79% of patients. Aplastic anemia, miliary tuberculosis, parvovirus B19, and hemolytic anemia were other notable etiologies. Conclusion Megaloblastic anemia and infections like tuberculosis were common treatable etiologies of pancytopenia among the pediatric age group. ALL was the most common neoplastic etiology. Bone marrow biopsy remains crucial in elucidating the various neoplastic and nutritional etiologies of pancytopenia in children.

Research paper thumbnail of The efficiency of Disposable Filter Elements to control worker exposure to diesel particulate matter in underground coal mines

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists' viewpoint towards their professional role in healthcare system: a survey of hospital settings of Pakistan

BMC Health Services Research

Background: Pharmacy service is an essential part of a healthcare system. The profession of pharm... more Background: Pharmacy service is an essential part of a healthcare system. The profession of pharmacy is well recognized and is practiced to its full potential in developed countries however, it is underutilized in developing countries such as Pakistan. The recognition of pharmacist's role as healthcare professional is limited. This study aimed to document pharmacists' attitude towards their role in Pakistan's healthcare system, their experience with doctors and their perceptions towards involvement in medicines management. Methods: A 4-month cross-sectional survey (Jan-Apr 18) was conducted targeting pharmacists practising in 26 tertiary care hospitals across Pakistan using a developed and validated questionnaire in both Urdu/English languages. Chi square (χ 2) test was used to report any associations between independent variables, i.e., education, type of hospital and work experience and, dependent variables, i.e., pharmacists' attitudes, experience, and perception. A p-value of ≤0.01 with value of Cramer's V ≥ 0.3 was considered cutoff for establishing statistical significance. The study was approved by ethical committee and local hospital committees. Results: Three hundred ninety-six questionnaires were returned out of 500, i.e., response rate = 87.9%. Most participants (92.2%) interacted with doctors at least once daily. Most interactions were related to drug availability inquiry (72.5%). Most pharmacists (91.4%) mentioned that pharmacy duties are mostly clinical in nature. 93.4% of the respondents indicated that pharmacists are reliable source of information regarding general medicines. Furthermore, 87.4% reasoned inadequate training for not being able to discuss issues of clinical nature with doctors. Conclusion: Pharmacists were willing to perform their duties and provide healthcare benefits to patients however, they seemed sceptical of advanced clinical pharmacy roles such as intervening in prescriptions and medication therapy, consultations and prescribing. There is a need to increase awareness regarding pharmacist's role. Therefore, it would be helpful if trainings and seminars are conducted on the importance of clinical pharmacy to improve the pharmacy services in Pakistan's healthcare system.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 1 of Pharmacists' viewpoint towards their professional role in healthcare system: a survey of hospital settings of Pakistan

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Etiological Exploration of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of a Developing Country

Research paper thumbnail of The Spectrum of Postoperative Complications and Outcomes After Open Adrenalectomy: An Experience From a Developing Country

Cureus

Background Open adrenalectomy is an invasive surgical procedure that is commonly performed for ad... more Background Open adrenalectomy is an invasive surgical procedure that is commonly performed for adrenal gland neoplasms in developing countries. Due to its complexity, the patients are predisposed to a number of complications and dismal outcomes. The objective of our study is to assess different characteristics of patients undergoing open adrenalectomy, including their histology, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 107 patients undergoing open adrenalectomy for primary adrenal gland neoplasms. Patients with bilateral involvement, metastatic disease, or unresectable tumors were excluded. Patients were evaluated for different features that included demographic data, tumor properties, postoperative outcomes, and complications. Results Out of 107 patients, 45 (42.1%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 47.53 ± 8.45 years. Abdominal pain and severe headaches were the most common presenting complaints. A total of 96 (89.7%) tumors were benign, while 11 (10.3%) were malignant. Upon the histopathological examination of the resected specimen, adrenal adenoma was present in 49 (45.8%) cases, while adrenal pheochromocytoma was present in 41 (38.3%) cases. A total of 51 patients developed different postoperative complications including surgical site infections (22.4%), atelectasis (11.2%), deep venous thrombosis (7.5%), and retroperitoneal hematoma (5.6%). In-hospital mortality occurred in three (2.8%) patients. Conclusion Surgical site infections, atelectasis, deep venous thrombosis, and retroperitoneal hematoma were frequent postoperative complications after open adrenalectomy. These complications increase morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Improved surgical techniques, intraoperative hemostasis, and multidisciplinary approach can yield favorable postoperative outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Characteristics and Etiological Spectrum of Pancytopenia in Pediatric Age Group: A Cross-Sectional Outlook From a Developing Country

Cureus

Background The etiologies of pancytopenia in the pediatric age group remain exceedingly ubiquitou... more Background The etiologies of pancytopenia in the pediatric age group remain exceedingly ubiquitous and warrant extensive hematological and interventional investigations like bone marrow biopsy. It varies widely from benign nutritional disorders to fatal malignancies. The present study aims to delineate the prevalence of various causes of pancytopenia in the pediatric population. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 96 patients between the age of one month till 15 years with pancytopenia. Study participants were evaluated for various parameters including their demographical details, clinical features, immunization history, and nature of the disorder. The prevalence of various etiologies (nutritional, neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune, and others) of pancytopenia was ascertained. Results Of the 96 patients, 42 (43.75%) were males with a mean age of 69.47 ± 7.12 months. Fever was present in 71.87%, arthralgias in 56.25%, weight loss in 35.41%, and failure to thrive in 18.75% of patients. The bone marrow examination revealed aplastic changes in 36 (37.50%), hyperplastic changes in 21 (21.87%), and normal cellularity in 40.62% of patients. Megaloblastic anemia was the most common nutritional cause of pancytopenia present in 21.85% of cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent neoplastic etiology present in 19.79% of patients. Aplastic anemia, miliary tuberculosis, parvovirus B19, and hemolytic anemia were other notable etiologies. Conclusion Megaloblastic anemia and infections like tuberculosis were common treatable etiologies of pancytopenia among the pediatric age group. ALL was the most common neoplastic etiology. Bone marrow biopsy remains crucial in elucidating the various neoplastic and nutritional etiologies of pancytopenia in children.

Research paper thumbnail of The efficiency of Disposable Filter Elements to control worker exposure to diesel particulate matter in underground coal mines

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists' viewpoint towards their professional role in healthcare system: a survey of hospital settings of Pakistan

BMC Health Services Research

Background: Pharmacy service is an essential part of a healthcare system. The profession of pharm... more Background: Pharmacy service is an essential part of a healthcare system. The profession of pharmacy is well recognized and is practiced to its full potential in developed countries however, it is underutilized in developing countries such as Pakistan. The recognition of pharmacist's role as healthcare professional is limited. This study aimed to document pharmacists' attitude towards their role in Pakistan's healthcare system, their experience with doctors and their perceptions towards involvement in medicines management. Methods: A 4-month cross-sectional survey (Jan-Apr 18) was conducted targeting pharmacists practising in 26 tertiary care hospitals across Pakistan using a developed and validated questionnaire in both Urdu/English languages. Chi square (χ 2) test was used to report any associations between independent variables, i.e., education, type of hospital and work experience and, dependent variables, i.e., pharmacists' attitudes, experience, and perception. A p-value of ≤0.01 with value of Cramer's V ≥ 0.3 was considered cutoff for establishing statistical significance. The study was approved by ethical committee and local hospital committees. Results: Three hundred ninety-six questionnaires were returned out of 500, i.e., response rate = 87.9%. Most participants (92.2%) interacted with doctors at least once daily. Most interactions were related to drug availability inquiry (72.5%). Most pharmacists (91.4%) mentioned that pharmacy duties are mostly clinical in nature. 93.4% of the respondents indicated that pharmacists are reliable source of information regarding general medicines. Furthermore, 87.4% reasoned inadequate training for not being able to discuss issues of clinical nature with doctors. Conclusion: Pharmacists were willing to perform their duties and provide healthcare benefits to patients however, they seemed sceptical of advanced clinical pharmacy roles such as intervening in prescriptions and medication therapy, consultations and prescribing. There is a need to increase awareness regarding pharmacist's role. Therefore, it would be helpful if trainings and seminars are conducted on the importance of clinical pharmacy to improve the pharmacy services in Pakistan's healthcare system.