Christophe J. Nordman | Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD - France) (original) (raw)
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Papers by Christophe J. Nordman
Indian Journal of Human Development, Aug 1, 2022
We use matched employer-employee data representing the formal sector in Bangladesh to provide des... more We use matched employer-employee data representing the formal sector in Bangladesh to provide descriptive evidence of both the relative importance of cognitive skills and personality traits in this part of the labour market and the interplay between skills and hiring channels in determining wages. While cognitive skills (literacy, a learning outcome) affect wages only by enabling workers to use formal hiring channels, they have no additional wage effect. Personality traits do not affect hiring channels, but they do enjoy a positive wage effect. This wage effect differs by hiring channel: those hired through formal channels benefit from higher wage associations with openness to experience, but lower effects of hostile attribution bias. Those hired through networks enjoy higher wages for higher levels of emotional stability, but they are also punished for higher hostile attribution bias—in line with different occupational levels being hired predominantly through one channel or the other. We provide suggestive evidence that employers might use hiring channels differently, depending on what skill they deem important: employers valuing communication skills, arguably observed during selection interviews, are associated with a larger within-firm wage gap between formal and network hires, while the importance of teamwork is associated with a smaller wage gap.
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 18, 2020
World Development, Oct 1, 2016
Social Science Research Network, 2018
Journal of African Economies, Jan 15, 2009
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2011
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2018
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2012
Social Science Research Network, 2014
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 19, 2017
Cette these evalue les possibilites d'apprentissage sur le tas des travailleurs et tire des e... more Cette these evalue les possibilites d'apprentissage sur le tas des travailleurs et tire des enseignements quant a la facon dont la diffusion du savoir et l'apprentissage individuel peuvent etre stimules par les formes organisationnelles du travail des entreprises. J'ai effectue deux enquetes dans des secteurs manufacturiers, l'une au Maroc, l'autre en Tunisie, de facon a reunir des donnees appariees employeurs-employes. L'approche empirique consiste a affiner les rendements du capital humain des travailleurs, en tenant compte des effets de l'entreprise sur les gains. Grâce a un modele de formation sur le tas par diffusion du savoir, j'estime la vitesse de diffusion du savoir dans les entreprises, le potentiel formateur de celles-ci pour les travailleurs entrants, ainsi que l'effet sur les gains de deux processus d'apprentissage informel. Je presente aussi des estimations sur deux bases de donnees appariees mauriciennes et francaises de facon a mettre en perspective mes resultats sur le Maroc et la Tunisie. J'etudie ensuite les caracteristiques organisationnelles des entreprises, en mettant en evidence leurs specificites s'agissant de l'organisation du travail, de l'encadrement, de la repartition des tâches et des pratiques salariales. Apres avoir developpe theoriquement une fonction de gains incorporant les caracteristiques de l'organisation, j'examine l'impact de l'instauration des formes flexibles du travail sur la diffusion du capital humain dans les entreprises. Les resultats indiquent quelle importance majeure revet la question du decloisonnement des tâches et des competences pour que soit stimulee la diffusion des connaissances entre les travailleurs. Les entreprises tunisiennes semblent mieux a meme que les entreprises marocaines d'offrir aux travailleurs de la formation sur le tas. Je confirme finalement l'interet des caracteristiques organisationnelles des entreprises pour la stimulation des effets de diffusion du capital humain sur le lieu de travail.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, Apr 1, 2022
OECD journal: General papers, Mar 2, 2010
The article focuses on the economic development in several North African countries which include ... more The article focuses on the economic development in several North African countries which include Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, considering migration trends to Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD) countries. It discusses the several factors which affect migration trends in the countries which include economy, environment, and education along with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and poverty levels. It also discusses the impact of population on the labor market.
Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 2022
Proponents of financial inclusion regret that women do not have sufficient access to credit, whil... more Proponents of financial inclusion regret that women do not have sufficient access to credit, while critics of financialization consider that women are too indebted. But little is actually known about women’s debt/credit in quantitative terms, mostly because of a lack of data. Based on Indian data disaggregated by sex, this descriptive paper analyses the gender of debt, at the prism of caste and poverty. We find that women are already heavily indebted, borrowing much more than men relatively to their income. Furthermore, iemale debt is predominantly - and markedly more than male – used to make both end meets, while productive investment remains in great part a male privilege. Last, it is in the poorest and the lowest caste households that women manage the highest shares of household debt. From a theoretical perspective, these results underline the gender earmarking of debt and credit, ie the fact that male and female debt/credit do not have the same meaning and use. They also confirm...
Using data drawn from the 1997 and 2001 British Skills Surveys, which are large-scale cross-secti... more Using data drawn from the 1997 and 2001 British Skills Surveys, which are large-scale cross-sectional representative surveys of working individuals, this paper aims both to make a contribution to understanding the returns to on-the-job training and to disaggregate the contributions of formal and informal learning to workers with different levels of skills (literacy, numeracy, and computing skills), engaging in different types of tasks under different work arrangements. We use an explicit control for the informal learning process that is generally neglected by empirical studies, mostly as a result of lack of relevant direct measures. Thanks to rare information on the centrality of skill usage, on the complexity of that use, on the nature of the duty and on how this duty is performed, we stratify the estimates by different groups of workers to allow the coefficient estimates on all the training regressors to vary by workers' status. The wage equations rely on Heckit corrections fo...
Indian Journal of Human Development, Aug 1, 2022
We use matched employer-employee data representing the formal sector in Bangladesh to provide des... more We use matched employer-employee data representing the formal sector in Bangladesh to provide descriptive evidence of both the relative importance of cognitive skills and personality traits in this part of the labour market and the interplay between skills and hiring channels in determining wages. While cognitive skills (literacy, a learning outcome) affect wages only by enabling workers to use formal hiring channels, they have no additional wage effect. Personality traits do not affect hiring channels, but they do enjoy a positive wage effect. This wage effect differs by hiring channel: those hired through formal channels benefit from higher wage associations with openness to experience, but lower effects of hostile attribution bias. Those hired through networks enjoy higher wages for higher levels of emotional stability, but they are also punished for higher hostile attribution bias—in line with different occupational levels being hired predominantly through one channel or the other. We provide suggestive evidence that employers might use hiring channels differently, depending on what skill they deem important: employers valuing communication skills, arguably observed during selection interviews, are associated with a larger within-firm wage gap between formal and network hires, while the importance of teamwork is associated with a smaller wage gap.
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 18, 2020
World Development, Oct 1, 2016
Social Science Research Network, 2018
Journal of African Economies, Jan 15, 2009
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2011
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2018
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2012
Social Science Research Network, 2014
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 19, 2017
Cette these evalue les possibilites d'apprentissage sur le tas des travailleurs et tire des e... more Cette these evalue les possibilites d'apprentissage sur le tas des travailleurs et tire des enseignements quant a la facon dont la diffusion du savoir et l'apprentissage individuel peuvent etre stimules par les formes organisationnelles du travail des entreprises. J'ai effectue deux enquetes dans des secteurs manufacturiers, l'une au Maroc, l'autre en Tunisie, de facon a reunir des donnees appariees employeurs-employes. L'approche empirique consiste a affiner les rendements du capital humain des travailleurs, en tenant compte des effets de l'entreprise sur les gains. Grâce a un modele de formation sur le tas par diffusion du savoir, j'estime la vitesse de diffusion du savoir dans les entreprises, le potentiel formateur de celles-ci pour les travailleurs entrants, ainsi que l'effet sur les gains de deux processus d'apprentissage informel. Je presente aussi des estimations sur deux bases de donnees appariees mauriciennes et francaises de facon a mettre en perspective mes resultats sur le Maroc et la Tunisie. J'etudie ensuite les caracteristiques organisationnelles des entreprises, en mettant en evidence leurs specificites s'agissant de l'organisation du travail, de l'encadrement, de la repartition des tâches et des pratiques salariales. Apres avoir developpe theoriquement une fonction de gains incorporant les caracteristiques de l'organisation, j'examine l'impact de l'instauration des formes flexibles du travail sur la diffusion du capital humain dans les entreprises. Les resultats indiquent quelle importance majeure revet la question du decloisonnement des tâches et des competences pour que soit stimulee la diffusion des connaissances entre les travailleurs. Les entreprises tunisiennes semblent mieux a meme que les entreprises marocaines d'offrir aux travailleurs de la formation sur le tas. Je confirme finalement l'interet des caracteristiques organisationnelles des entreprises pour la stimulation des effets de diffusion du capital humain sur le lieu de travail.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, Apr 1, 2022
OECD journal: General papers, Mar 2, 2010
The article focuses on the economic development in several North African countries which include ... more The article focuses on the economic development in several North African countries which include Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, considering migration trends to Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD) countries. It discusses the several factors which affect migration trends in the countries which include economy, environment, and education along with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and poverty levels. It also discusses the impact of population on the labor market.
Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 2022
Proponents of financial inclusion regret that women do not have sufficient access to credit, whil... more Proponents of financial inclusion regret that women do not have sufficient access to credit, while critics of financialization consider that women are too indebted. But little is actually known about women’s debt/credit in quantitative terms, mostly because of a lack of data. Based on Indian data disaggregated by sex, this descriptive paper analyses the gender of debt, at the prism of caste and poverty. We find that women are already heavily indebted, borrowing much more than men relatively to their income. Furthermore, iemale debt is predominantly - and markedly more than male – used to make both end meets, while productive investment remains in great part a male privilege. Last, it is in the poorest and the lowest caste households that women manage the highest shares of household debt. From a theoretical perspective, these results underline the gender earmarking of debt and credit, ie the fact that male and female debt/credit do not have the same meaning and use. They also confirm...
Using data drawn from the 1997 and 2001 British Skills Surveys, which are large-scale cross-secti... more Using data drawn from the 1997 and 2001 British Skills Surveys, which are large-scale cross-sectional representative surveys of working individuals, this paper aims both to make a contribution to understanding the returns to on-the-job training and to disaggregate the contributions of formal and informal learning to workers with different levels of skills (literacy, numeracy, and computing skills), engaging in different types of tasks under different work arrangements. We use an explicit control for the informal learning process that is generally neglected by empirical studies, mostly as a result of lack of relevant direct measures. Thanks to rare information on the centrality of skill usage, on the complexity of that use, on the nature of the duty and on how this duty is performed, we stratify the estimates by different groups of workers to allow the coefficient estimates on all the training regressors to vary by workers' status. The wage equations rely on Heckit corrections fo...